The aim of the study was to examine the influence of meteorological conditions observed during the process of traditional smoking on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in traditional Polish pork ...ham. The material of the study comprised traditional Polish pork ham, one of the most frequently purchased and consumed meat products in Poland. The analysed ham was smoked with the traditional method using beech chips and pieces. Smoking time was four hours. During laboratory research the basic chemical composition of the product was examined. Using the HPLC method, the level of 15 selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The obtained results show that the level of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the examined material depended on atmospheric pressure and relative air humidity. Atmospheric pressure significantly influenced the content of benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)anthracene and indeno(c,d)pyrene. Relative humidity impacted the absorption level of 5-methylchrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(j)fluoranthene and indeno(c,d)pyrene. An influence of air temperature during the smoking process on PAHs content in the product was not observed. The results indicate that traditional smoking should be conducted under conditions of high relative humidity – ideally above 75%, and high atmospheric pressure – above 1000 hPa.
The aim of the conducted research was to determine the impact of factors such as sex hormone levels, which vary during gilts' reproductive cycle, on the quality of the obtained meat and slaughter ...characteristics of the processed gilts. The research material included a population of 60 gilts slaughtered in one of the slaughterhouses located in south-eastern Poland. After the slaughtering operations were completed, the carcasses were weighed at the classification stand. The results of the statistical evaluation of the haematological and biochemical blood parameters of the examined gilts showed that, in the tested blood samples, the concentration of progesterone had a statistically significant impact only on the level of total protein, which was higher in the blood samples of gilts with a low concentration of progesterone. It was found that carcasses of gilts with higher levels of the LH hormone were characterized by a lower meat content index by nearly 3%. It was shown that the concentration of LH affected the post-slaughter temperature of the sirloin and ham muscles. The interpretation of the obtained data was difficult since there seems to be a gap in the literature concerning the dependencies of sex hormone levels in gilts and meat quality.
This paper represents an attempt to determine the efficiency of refrigeration units of selected types of food transport vehicles, taking into account their operating conditions. The tests included a ...delivery vehicle, a truck and a semi-trailer. The monitoring covered transport in the summer and winter seasons that requires intensive use of cooling systems associated with the necessity to open the cargo space multiple times at various times. The results indicate difficulties in maintaining refrigeration standards in the transport of food in the operating conditions tested. The monitoring showed an increase in temperature inside the isothermal car body up to the level of 14degreesC. The results of the research indicate the use of properly configured calculation algorithms to theoretically determine the efficiency of refrigeration units taking into account the conditions of vehicle operation. The test results indicate that the final correctness of the configuration of cooling devices requires verification in field conditions. Keywords: food transport; refrigerated transport; operating conditions; cold chain
Herbs can be contaminated with microorganisms, which affects their quality while increasing the risk of food poisoning. Thus, there is a need for efficient decontamination techniques. In this study, ...the microbial load was reduced in peppermint herb (
L.) exposed to ozone at 10 ppm for 60 minutes. The quality of the ozonated herb was assessed by the determination of microbial load and essential oils content. Total microbial content was reduced by 4 log cfu g
of the microorganisms whereas the contamination with molds was reduced from 10.07 log cfu g
of the microorganisms to zero. Moreover, sensory evaluation of the herb aroma was conducted. These characteristics were not significantly affected by the treatment. Therefore, ozone can be used to improve the peppermint herb quality by reduction of the microbial contamination of peppermint herb while having no adverse effect on the herb aroma.
Głównym kierunkiem zagospodarowania technologicznego mięsa wieprzowego jest produkcja wędlin i kiełbas. W celu zapewnienia wysokiej jakości zdrowotnej Ŝywności wszystkie elementy łańcucha ...Ŝywnościowego tj. produkcji i pozyskiwania surowców, skupu surowców, ich przetwarzania i obrotu towarowego, wytwarzania i obrotu środkami spoŜywczymi, muszą być objęte ścisłym nadzorem mającym na celu wyszukiwanie czynników obniŜających jakość zdrowotną Ŝywności a takŜe zapewniającym odpowiednie bezpieczeństwo Ŝywności. Zapewnienie konsumentowi Ŝywności wysokiej jakości z gwarancją bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego jest warunkiem niezbędnym do budowania pozycji rynkowej środków spoŜywczych. Spełnienie tego warunku w branŜy mięsnej jest osiągane dzięki wdraŜaniu obligatoryjnych i nieobligatoryjnych systemów zarządzania jakością połączonemu z nowoczesnymi systemami zarządzania procesem produkcji. Zarządzanie higieną i jakością mięsa oraz jego przetworów to system działań mających przede wszystkim za zadanie identyfikację, ocenę i eliminację zagroŜeń bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego produktu w łańcuchu wytwórczym. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie korzyści związanych z wdroŜeniem Systemu Zarządzania Jakością oraz bezpieczeństwem i higieną produkcji w Zakładach Przetwórstwa Mięsnego. Wykazano, Ŝe wdraŜanie systemów zarządzania jakością i bezpieczeństwem zdrowotnym w zakładach mięsnych, dzięki stałej kontroli procesu produkcyjnego i zdefiniowaniu CCP, jest skutecznym narzędziem pozwalającym na eliminację nieprawidłowości na kaŜdym etapie procesu produkcyjnego. Systematyczna kontrola systemu HACCP, poprzez audyt wewnętrzny, zgodnie z obowiązującymi procedurami wewnątrzzakładowymi, jest dobrym narzędziem zapewnienia jakości i bezpieczeństwa wyrobów produkowanych w zakładach mięsnych. Dzięki obowiązkowemu wdraŜaniu systemu HACCP na rynku oferowane są produkty mięsne o wysokiej jakości Ŝywieniowej i zdrowotnej w pełni akceptowane przez konsumentów.
The effectiveness of breeding boars in insemination depends mainly on the skill of optimal use of their reproductive potential. Nevertheless, their semen is highly variable in its quality and ...physical characteristics, which makes it difficult to organise semen production for artificial insemination purposes. The present study contains an analysis of semen collected from Polish Landrace breed boars - the most popular pigs bred in Poland. It demonstrates that there is a statistically significant interaction between season of birth and reproductive season of Polish Landrace boars. What is more, it proves that these significant differences between reproductive performances of boars are closely connected to their breeding season and seasons of their birth and life. The results also illustrate how to improve organisation of insemination centres and make them better financially efficient.
The aim of the research was to determine the possibility of using ash from the thermal utilization of municipal sewage sludge as a fertilizer in the cultivation of giant miscanthus (Miscanthus ...sinensis giganteus) for energy purposes. An attempt was also made to determine the optimal level of fertilization with ash from the thermal utilization of municipal sewage sludge in the commodity cultivation of miscanthus. It was assumed that the ash produced after thermal utilization of municipal sewage sludge could replace conventional mineral fertilizers. To prove the thesis, laboratory experiments of the miscanthus cultivation miscanthus were carried out. The results allowed to determine the optimal fertilization dose for miscanthus to be used in the next stage of the field research. Miscanthus does not pose a succession threat due to the method of reproduction in central Europe; therefore, its cultivation may remain under control. The research showed that for fertilization of miscanthus × giganteus crops, the ashes from thermal utilization of municipal sewage sludge could be used effectively. In experimental crops, it was shown that the optimal level of miscanthus fertilization in terms of yield was 8.32 g of ash per pot and 0.1 g of nitrogen per pot. As a result of laboratory tests, based on biometric features, the most favorable dose of ash and nitrogen fertilization from thermal utilization of municipal sewage sludge for use in field conditions was selected. The dose amounted to 3.7 t of ash∙ha−1 and 45 kg of nitrogen∙ha−1. In order to reduce the costs of cultivation, it was possible to abandon the use of nitrogen fertilizers since their omission did not cause a significant drop in yield. It is necessary to continue research in the field in order to confirm the correctness of the results obtained from laboratory tests.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the course and rate of post-slaughter exsanguination of selected breeds of pigs used in Poland. The material comprised 36 fatteners of the Polish Landrace, 30 of ...the Polish Yorkshire, 30 of the Pietrain and 30 of the Duroc breeds of pigs. The study showed that the analyzed breeds differed in the weight of slaughter blood. The highest weight of blood was obtained from the Duroc breed, while the smallest from the Yorkshire pigs. The influence of breed on the amount of blood obtained in the 1st and 2nd minute was observed. It was also stated that the Yorkshire fatteners had a statistically significantly lower weight of the heart, lungs, spleen and kidneys, whereas the highest weight of these organs was observed for the Duroc fatteners. The study showed that the meat of the breeds differed in the intensity of colour. In the muscles of all the breeds, the presence of blood splash fault was observed, with the highest intensity in the Landrace and Pietrain fatteners. It was observed that in all analyzed breeds slaughter exsanguination caused a significant increase in the concentration of glucose, cortisol and lactic acid in the blood. The highest dynamics of these parameters was stated for the Pietrain and Landrace fatteners. The obtained results indicate important differences in the parameters of exsanguination between the examined breeds.
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