We discuss the relationship between industrialization and the establishment of the male breadwinner model
family, as well as the one which has replaced it in most industrial countries of the West – ...the two breadwinners model family. In the second part of the article we point out the importance of the institutional context and, especially of different aspects of the relation state-family. Those differences can influence women’s decision to participate at the labor market and their pattern of work career, as well as make it more easier or difficult to reconcile work and family duties, especially if the couple or lone-parent have underage children. We discuss the role of the state in the space of two conceptual frameworks:
Esping-Andersen’s typology of the welfare state and Mósesdóttir's typology of the state regimes of gender relations.
This case study describes different dimensions of the encounter of Croatian and "Western" cultures in the field of entrepreneurship.The Karlovačka Brewery was an attractive acquisition for foreign ...investors, regardless of the problem most socialist companies were confronted with – the relatively obsolete technology and too many employees. There is a tendency to concentrate on the characteristics of the local company and post-socialist institutional context. However, important for the process of integration after the takeover are also the characteristics of the parent-company,
the strategic goal of the takeover and authority of the foreign managers. The Latin type of "Western" culture and authoritarian style of management has not proved economically successful in the long run. As opposed to a relatively low degree of integration of the brewery into the
SBE group's system, Heineken has, as the new owner, initiated an extensive process of integration of the company into its corporative system. Goals clearly explained to the employees and the local community, a long-term development plan with relatively big investments, the authority of the international corporation and open corporative information and knowledge exchange channels have considerably lessened the conflicts in the process of radically restructuring the company. If the changes in the organisational structure, culture and autonomy are observed, the result of the encounter between the local, "Eastern" and "Western" cultures is a cultural hybrid that is very close to the theoretical extreme – the Victory-of-the-West-and-Defeat-of--the-East. However, this is an oversimplified viewpoint because the paradigm "master-subordinate" has proven a losing combination, while Heineken's successful paradigm speaks of winners on both sides.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: We discuss the relationship between industrialization and the establishment of the male breadwinner model family, as well as the one which has replaced it in most industrial ...countries of the West - the two breadwinners model family. In the second part of the article we point out the importance of the institutional context and, especially of different aspects of the relation state-family. Those differences can influence women's decision to participate at the labor market and their pattern of work career, as well as make it more easier or difficult to reconcile work and family duties, especially if the couple or lone-parent have underage children. We discuss the role of the state in the space of two conceptual frameworks: Esping-Andersen's typology of the welfare state and Mósesdóttir's typology of the state regimes of gender relations. // ABSTRACT IN GERMAN: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht den Bezug zwischen der Industrialisierung und dem Familienmodell, in dem der Mann die alleinige Rolle des Ernährers übernimmt, sowie jenem heute in der Mehrzahl der Industrieländer vorherrschenden Familienmodell, in dem zwei Ernährer für das Wohl der Familie sorgen. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird auf wichtige Unterschiede im institutionalen Kontext verwiesen, insbesondere auf verschiedene Aspekte des Bezuges zwischen Familie und Staat. Diese Unterschiede können Frauen bei ihrer Entscheidung darüber, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß sie sich am Arbeitsmarkt beteiligen, beeinflussen. Des Weiteren können sie es Eltern erleichtern oder erschweren, die Arbeitspflichten mit ihren familiären Aufgaben in Einklang zu bringen, zumal wenn Kleinkinder mit im Spiel sind. Dies gilt verstärkt für allein erziehende Eltern. Die Rolle des Staates wurde innerhalb zweier konzeptueller Rahmen erörtert: der Typologie des Sozialstaates nach Esping-Andersen einerseits und der Typologie von staatlich jeweils unterschiedlich geregelten Geschlechterverhältnissen nach Mósesdóttir. Reprinted by permission of Drustvena Istrazivanja
In the text the authors investigate various forms of "encounters" and confrontations of different socioeconomic cultures of the "West" and "East", in a very specific area – Croatian companies with ...major foreign ownership. The qualitative analysis of gathered data (based on in-depth interviews) suggests that these encounters are happening without major cultural shocks, but with some tensions and misunderstandings that are characteristic of cultural change. Host and foreign company owners and host and foreign managers are identified as key-actors in the process of mutual permeation of socioeconomic cultures in companies. Foreign managers bring new leadership styles and new managerial practices to companies. They promote contractual culture and the culture of effectiveness. While their experiences with business actors is variable, depending on the economic sector they are working in, both (host and foreign managers) share the opinion about the inefficiency of state administration. The requests of foreign managers towards the host management arise from the desirable role that Croatian managers have in the context of the entrepreneurial capitalist organizational model. However, the spread of this model as the source of new regulations of basic values of companies, is also dependent upon other organizational and environmental actors. It is left to be seen in the future to which extent this model will be widely accepted, beyond the sphere of companies in major foreign ownership.
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: This case study describes different dimensions of the encounter of Croatian and 'Western' cultures in the field of entrepreneurship. The Karlovacka Brewery was an attractive ...acquisition for foreign investors, regardless of the problem most socialist companies were confronted with - the relatively obsolete technology and too many employees. There is a tendency to concentrate on the characteristics of the local company and post-socialist institutional context. However, important for the process of integration after the takeover are also the characteristics of the parent-company, the strategic goal of the takeover and authority of the foreign managers. The Latin type of 'Western' culture and authoritarian style of management has not proved economically successful in the long run. As opposed to a relatively low degree of integration of the brewery into the SBE group's system, Heineken has, as the new owner, initiated an extensive process of integration of the company into its corporative system. Goals clearly explained to the employees and the local community, a long-term development plan with relatively big investments, the authority of the international corporation and open corporative information and knowledge exchange channels have considerably lessened the conflicts in the process of radically restructuring the company. If the changes in the organisational structure, culture and autonomy are observed, the result of the encounter between the local, 'Eastern' and 'Western' cultures is a cultural hybrid that is very close to the theoretical extreme - the Victory-of-the-West-and-Defeat-of-the-East. However, this is an oversimplified viewpoint because the paradigm 'master-subordinate' has proven a losing combination, while Heineken's successful paradigm speaks of winners on both sides. // ABSTRACT IN GERMAN: Diese Fallstudie beschreibt verschiedene Dimensionen der Begegnung zwischen der kroatischen und der "westlichen" Kultur im Bereich des Unternehmertums. Für ausländische Unternehmer stellte die Bierbrauerei Karlovacka pivovara (Karlovac) eine attraktive Investition dar, trotz der Mängel, mit denen die meisten sozialistischen Firmen behaftet sind: einer relativ veralteten Technologie und einer viel zu großen Arbeitnehmerzahl. Üblicherweise gilt bei einer Übernahme dieser Art die Aufmerksamkeit den Merkmalen der Firma vor Ort und dem postsozialistischen institutionalen Kontext, doch für den marktwirtschaftlichen Integrationsprozess sind außerdem die Merkmale der Elternfirma, das mit der Übernahme verfolgte strategische Ziel und die Autorität der ausländischen Manager von Bedeutung. Der "lateinische" Typus der westlichen Kultur und ein autoritärer Führungsstil haben sich in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht langfristig als nicht erfolgreich erwiesen. Da die Karlovacka-Brauerei innerhalb der SBE-Gruppe relativ schwach integriert war, initiierte der neue Eigentümer Heineken einen umfangreichen Prozess zur Einbindung der Brauerei in sein Korporationssystem. Die klare Begründung von Geschäftszielen vor Arbeitnehmern und Lokalvertretern, das Bestehen eines langfristigen Entwicklungsplans mit relativ hohen Investitionen, die Autorität Heinekens als internationaler Korporation sowie durchlässige Kanäle zum Austausch von Wissen und Informationen haben wesentlich dazu beigetragen, Konflikte im Rahmen des radikalen Restrukturierungsprozesses des Unternehmens zu beseitigen. Beobachtet man die Veränderungen im Organisationsaufbau, im gegenseitigen Umgang und in der autonomen Geschäftsführung, erweist sich das, was aus der Begegnung zwischen der "Ost-" und der "Westkultur" herausgekommen ist, als kulturelle Hybridform, die dem theoretischen Extrem unter dem Motto "Sieg des Westens und Niederlage des Ostens" nahe kommt. Diese Sichtweise ist jedoch zu vereinfachend, denn das Paradigma "Herr/Untergebene" hat sich als Misserfolg herausgestellt, während das Erfolgsparadigma von Heineken auf beiden Seiten Gewinner erkennen lässt. Reprinted by permission of Drustvena Istrazivanja
Ova studija slučaja opisuje dimenzije susreta hrvatske i "zapadne"
kulture u poduzetništvu. Karlovačka pivovara bila je privlačna
akvizicija za strane investitore, unatoč boljkama većine ...socijalističkih
poduzeća – relativno zastarjeloj tehnologiji i prevelikom
broju zaposlenika. Tendencija je da se pozornost usredotoči na
osobine lokalne kompanije i postsocijalističkoga institucionalnog
konteksta, međutim nakon preuzimanja za tijek integracijskoga
procesa vrlo su važne i osobine kompanije-roditelja, strateški cilj
preuzimanja i autoritet stranih menadžera. Latinski tip "zapadne"
poslovne kulture i autoritaran stil rukovođenja nije se pokazao
ekonomski uspješnim na duži rok. Nasuprot razmjerno niskoj
integraciji pivovare u sustav SBE grupacije, Heineken kao novi
vlasnik potaknuo je opsežan proces integracije tvrtke u svoj
korporativni sustav. Jasno obrazloženi ciljevi zaposlenicima i
lokalnoj zajednici, dugoročni razvojni plan s razmjerno velikim
investicijama, autoritet međunarodne korporacije i otvoreni
korporativni kanali informiranja i razmjene znanja osjetno su
umanjili sukobe u procesu radikalnoga restrukturiranja tvrtke.
Promjene u organizacijskom ustroju, kulturi i autonomiji upućuju
na to da je ishod susreta lokalne i "zapadne" kulture kulturalni
hibrid, vrlo blizak jednom teorijskom ekstremu –
pobjedi-zapada-i-porazu-istoka. No to je suviše pojednostavnjeno
gledište, jer se paradigma "gospodar – podređeni" pokazala
gubitničkom, dok Heinekenova uspješna paradigma govori o
pobjednicima na obje strane.
Contrary to a long global trend of researching the domestic division of labour between marital partners, for social scientists in Croatia it has been a completely marginal field of study from the ...mid-seventies up to the end of the century. The reason for this is buried in the roots of social circumstances: in the socialist period in the sphere of public relations the equality of the sexes was proclaimed, but without entering the sphere of private and family relations. In the nine-year postsocialist transitional period the political parties and options supporting "traditional family values" dominated. Furthermore, war circumstances and a deep economic crisis worked in the same direction backtracking towards traditional patterns of family life. Among the empirical research projects of the division of unpaid labour in the family, in foreign as well as domestic professional literature, there have been but few that include gender segregation of labour into "male" and "female".
Nasuprot dugogodišnjem svjetskom trendu istraživanja podjele
rada u kućanstvu između bračnih partnera, u Hrvatskoj je od
sredine 70-ih do kraja stoljeća to potpuno marginalno područje.
Razlog tome ...ukorijenjen je u društvenim okolnostima: u socijalistič
kom razdoblju u sferi javnih odnosa proklamirana je jednakost
spolova, ali bez zadiranja u sferu privatnosti i obiteljskih odnosa.
U devetogodišnjem postsocijalističkom tranzicijskom razdoblju
dominirale su političke stranke i opcije koje su se zalagale za
"tradicionalne obiteljske vrijednosti". U istom smjeru reteriranja ka
tradicionalnim obras-cima obiteljskoga života djelovale su ratne
okolnosti i duboka ekonomska kriza. Među empirijskim istraživanjima
podjele ne-plaćenoga rada u obitelji, i u stranoj i u domaćoj
literaturi, malo-brojna su ona koja obuhvaćaju rodnu segregaciju
poslova na "muške" i "ženske". Glavni cilj ovoga rada bio
je provjeriti u kojoj je mjeri rad u kućanstvu rodno segregiran. U
radu su rabljeni podaci koji su dobiveni u sklopu širega pilotistraž
ivanja osobina obiteljskog života. Analizirani su odgovori
ukupno 152 ispitanika koji su u vrijeme istraživanja bili u braku i
zaposleni. Rezultati sugeriraju (1) da je podjela rada u kućanstvu
između bračnih partnera i dalje neravnopravna, uz puno veći
radni angažman žena; (2) muškarci se više brinu za djecu nego
što su angažirani u obavljanju kućanskih poslova; (3) rad u
kućanstvu u velikoj je mjeri rodno segregiran, što potvrđuju i
rezultati logit analize.
Contrary to a long global trend of researching the domestic division of labor between marital partners, for social scientists in Croatia it has been a completely marginal field of study since the ...mid-1970s up to the end of the century. The reason for this is buried in the roots of social circumstances: in the socialist period in the sphere of public relations the equality of the sexes was proclaimed, but without entering the sphere of private & family relations. In the 9-year postsocialist transitional period the political parties & options supporting "traditional family values" dominated. Further, war circumstances & a deep economic crisis worked in the same direction, backtracking toward traditional patterns of family life. Among the empirical research projects of the division of unpaid labor in the family, in foreign as well as domestic professional literature, there have been but few that gender segregation of labor into "male" & "female." The main goal of this work was to ascertain the extent to which domestic labor is exposed to gender segregation. In the paper, data obtained within the framework of a broader pilot research of characteristics of family life have been used. Data from 152 married & employed examinees suggest (1) that domestic labor division between marital partners is still discriminating, with a much greater work involvement of women; (2) that men look after children more than they are engaged in carrying out domestic chores; (3) that domestic labor is greatly exposed to gender segregation, which is also confirmed by the results of the logit analysis. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.
This research is one of the few in search of the answer as to how employees perceive their work environment after bankruptcy. In a company which was taken over by a new owner after bankruptcy ...proceedings, a research was conducted in which 119 employees participated, i.e. the whole accessible population of employees. The results indicate a great deal of dissatisfaction with different aspects of the work. The employees are less satisfied with their salaries, employment stability, while they are somewhat more content with human interrelationships. The socio-demographic features of the employees do not have any influence on the satisfaction or dissatisfaction expressed regarding these aspects of work.
