For the management of the tidal flat environment and the preservation of several important functions of the tidal flat, the accurate topographic monitoring is indispensable. However, the appropriate ...measurement of the tidal flat topography is very difficult because water level changes every moment due to tidal oscillation, and the accountable time for the measurement is limited within several hours under low tide condition. In this study, topographic measurement of tidal flat using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was conducted 5 times over a year, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) obtained by UAV photogrammetry (UAV-DEM) of the tidal flat was constructed in each measurement. The area of 400m in the land-island (L-I) direction and 100m in the west-east (W-E) direction was set on the developed UAV-DEM to analyze the short-term topographical changes (2 weeks including typhoon events, half year and year). By the influence of typhoon passing, sand on the tidal flat was transported from east to west obviously within typhoon event. However, after the topographic change due to the typhoon event, the sand moved opposite direction. By the estimation of the sand volume on the tidal flat using UAV-DEM, it was found that the change of the volume was quite small in one year. These results indicate that the sand volume on this tidal flat is mostly preserved although active sand transport occurs on the tidal flat.
In this study, numerical simulation of convective dispersion of the larvae of the pen shell Atrina pectinata was conducted to support effective seabed restoration in the Ariake Sea, Japan. A ...two-dimensional depth-averaged model consisting of a continuity equation and Navier–Stokes momentum equations was developed to reproduce tidal currents in the Ariake Sea. This larval transport model was then used to predict migration of larvae drifting on tidal currents. To determine effective areas for seabed restoration, 14 release points were defined in the model as potential new spawning grounds for the pen shell. The number of larvae that migrated from these points to habitable areas for pen shells (depth: 2<h<20m, grain size median diameter: >62.5μm) was calculated for each release point. Because of the anticlockwise tidal residual flow in the inner bay of the Ariake Sea, pen shell larvae also had anticlockwise trajectories. Larvae originating from the northeast area spread out over a large area, while larvae originating from the northwest area reached only the western area. Most of the larvae originating from Isahaya Bay flowed out through the mouth of the Ariake Sea. Consequently, larvae released from the northeast area (particularly from Point 13, Noku 210) reached the largest habitable area. In addition, most of the larvae ultimately drifted to Isahaya Bay, suggesting that seabed restoration in the northeast area and Isahaya Bay would be the most effective approach to recovery of pen shell resources.
Background
Few reports have evaluated the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating in SL-MIA-type stems in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Here, we compared early femoral bone remodeling after total hip ...arthroplasty using the SL-PLUS MIA stem with and without hydroxyapatite coating.
Methods
From February 2012 to March 2017, 132 patients (150 hips) (HA group: 48 patients 52 hips, non-HA group: 84 patients 98 hips) underwent THA with an SL-PLUS MIA stem. The mean follow-up duration was 3.7 years (standard deviation 1.2, range: 1.0–6.1). The Harris Hip Score (HHS), postoperative bleeding volume measurements and plain radiographs were used for clinical and radiological follow-up evaluations. Peri-prosthetic bone mineral density changes were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Results
At 1 year, the HHS improved from 44.4 points preoperatively to 89.2 points postoperatively and from 44.5 points to 89.7 points in the HA and non-HA groups, respectively. At 1 year postoperatively, subsidence (≧ 3 mm) occurred in 0% and 8.2% of the HA and non-HA groups, respectively. Stress shielding (≧ Grade 3) occurred in 0% and 6% of the HA and non-HA groups, respectively. The radiolucent line was significantly smaller in the HA than in the non-HA group. There was no significant difference in the bone mineral density distribution in the two groups.
Conclusion
Addition of HA to the SL-MIA stem can help enhance the initial fixation and early osseointegration. Further studies are required on the long-term effects of adding HA to reduce stress shielding of the proximal area of the stem.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic findings of stage 3 or lower osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) with intact acetabular cartilage in patients treated with ...bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BHA).
Methods
A total of 79 hips that underwent BHA for ONFH were included in this study. The average observation period was 7.6 years. Clinical results were evaluated using the Harris hip score. We performed radiographic analysis to assess the migration of the outer cup, the permanent image around the outer cup, and loosening of the stem.
Results
The total Harris hip score improved from 50 points before surgery to 92 points at final follow-up, while pain improved from 14 points to 36 points. Flexion improved from 94° to 120° and abduction from 27° to 37°. One patient on dialysis showed progress in terms of inward migration, and revision surgery was performed on the patient 14 years after the original surgery.
Conclusions
Midterm performance of BHA for stage 3 or lower ONFH at our hospital was good.
•The solubility of γ-oryzanol was measured.•One fractional extraction from rice bran was also performed.•The presence of oil lowers the solubility of γ-oryzanol.•The γ-oryzanol is more concentrated ...at the final oil fraction or in the raffinate fractions.
The γ-oryzanol is a complex mixture of triterpenic alcohols with ferulic acid esters of phytosterols, being an important nutraceutical in rice bran. In order to assess the ability of the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to extract γ-oryzanol from rice bran, the solubility of γ-oryzanol in scCO2 was measured at 40°C, 60°C, and 80°C, and 200, 300, and 400bar. A fractional extraction at 60°C and 400bar from rice bran containing 22.2% of oil with 1.55% γ-oryzanol was also performed. The mean solubility values ranged from 0.13 to 1.57g γ-oryzanol/kg CO2, and a crossover pressure (CP) was observed at 300bar. Below of the crossover pressure, the solubility decreased with increasing temperature and above, there is solubility increase with increasing temperature. Although Chrastil equation parameters have been correlated to experimental data, a high mean deviation of 9.0% was observed because it is a mixture of compounds. The presence of oil lowers the solubility of γ-oryzanol, which is the case of extraction from bran oil, showing that the nutraceutical is more concentrated at the final oil fraction or in the raffinate fractions.
Objectives
The aims of the present study were to monitor, by radiographic examination, the skeletal development of the pelvis and the femorotibial joints of the domestic cat from the first week of ...life until the closing of the growth plates.
Methods
Radiographic examinations were collected from 15 domestic cats at weekly intervals during the first month and every 2 weeks from the second to the fourth month of age. After that, examinations were performed monthly until the age of 18 months.
Results
The ischiopubic growth plate closed at 2 months of age, followed by the fusion of the iliopubic, ilioischial, proximal femoral, greater trochanter and proximal fibular growth plates. The distal femur and proximal tibial growth plates were the last to close, with fusion occurring at 18 months. The mean time to closure of the iliopubic, ilioischial and distal femoral growth plates was shorter in females. The ossification centers first appeared, in ascending order, beginning with the lesser trochanter, followed by the greater trochanter, proximal fibular epiphysis, tibial tuberosity, patella, ischial tuberosity and lateral sesamoid of the popliteus muscle.
Conclusions and relevance
The complete closure of the growth plates of domestic cats occurs at approximately 18 months of age. Skeletal maturation at approximately 18 months of age is an important parameter to be considered in radiographic evaluation of certain skeletal changes, evolution of fractures and nutritional imbalance.
The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of adjuvant hysterectomy for treatment of residual disease in cervical carcinoma treated with radiation therapy. Between 1971 ...and 1996, 1590 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix (stages I-IIIb) were treated with radiation therapy. Three months after completion of radiation therapy, the status of local control was investigated, and total abdominal hysterectomy was performed in cases in which central residual disease existed in the cervix. Of the 1590 patients, residual disease was identified in 162 patients. Among these patients, 35 showed an absence of distant metastasis or lateral parametrial invasion and underwent hysterectomy. The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates for these patients were 68.6 and 65.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between patients with squamous cell carcinoma and those with non-squamous cell carcinoma or between patients with stage I/II carcinoma and those with stage III carcinoma. With respect to treatment-related morbidity, five (14.3%) patients suffered grade III or IV complications after hysterectomy. Adjuvant hysterectomy is an effective addition to radiation therapy in the treatment of cervical cancer, even in patients with stage III disease and in those with non-squamous cell carcinoma.
Abstract Hydroalcoholic extracts prepared by conventional methods (in stirred vessel at 25 °C and 1 bar) and, hydroalcoholic and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extracts prepared in fixed bed ...extractors (60 ºC and 400 bar) were obtained from pitanga leaves (Eugenia uniflora L.) in order to recover phenolic compounds. Hydroalcoholic and ethanolic extracts obtained in fixed bed were further fractionated in four separators by gradual pressure reduction, using scCO2 as an antisolvent. All extracts and fractions were characterized in terms of extraction yield and the presence of total phenolics and flavonoids. Solvents were found to significantly influence the extraction yields and composition. Yields increased as a function of polarity, whereas the hydroalcoholic extractions displayed the highest yields and the highest amounts of extracted phenols and flavonoids.
Abstract Studies of intrauterine human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have shown suppressed replication in the decidua and placenta of strongly seropositive women. Biopsy specimens often contain CMV ...virion glycoprotein B and DNA in syncytiotrophoblasts and villus core macrophages without productive infection. Focal replication occurs in placentas of women with low to moderate neutralizing antibody titres. Infected cytotrophoblasts downregulate key adhesion and immune molecules required for invasiveness and maternal immune tolerance and reduce matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein and activity, impairing degradation of the extracellular matrix. Here, we used flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR analyses to quantify differentiation molecules expressed in freshly isolated cytotrophoblasts purified from placentas at term and differentiating cells infected in vitro with VR1814, a pathogenic clinical strain. Cell surface proteins including E-cadherin, VE-cadherin, HLA-G, and CMV receptors – epidermal growth factor receptor and integrins β1 and αvβ3 – were expressed on purified cells, as were integrins α9 and β6, which were not previously studied. Infected cytotrophoblasts dysregulate the levels of particular cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion proteins and their transcripts. CMV replication in late gestation placentas with considerable reserves could deplete cytotrophoblast progenitors, thereby impairing syncytiotrophoblast development and increasing the risk of virus transmission to fetal blood vessels.
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