This paper will first discuss intrinsic advantages of high-pressure oxidation of Ge and then present further improvement of electron mobility in Ge n-MISFET using high-k gate stacks combined with ...high-pressure oxidation. The peak mobility is about 1500 cm 2 /Vsec, which is the highest one to date among unstrained Si and Ge MISFETs. Ge-CMOS is a strong candidate for beyond Si-CMOS.
To assess the usefulness of the tissue Doppler imaging variables for the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) systolic function, we compared variables obtained by the pulsed Doppler method with the LV ...ejection fraction (%EF) and the maximum value for the first derivative of LV pressure (peak dP/dt). We examined 65 patients, including 15 patients with noncardiac chest pain, 15 with ischemic heart disease, 15 with dilated cardiomyopathy, 10 with hypertensive heart disease, and 10 with asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The subendocardial systolic wall motion velocity patterns were recorded for LV posterior wall and ventricular septum in the parasternal LV long-axis view. The peak dP/dt was significantly lower in the hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and dilated cardiomyopathy groups. The peak systolic velocity was lower and the time from the electrocardiographic Q wave to the peak of the systolic wave for the posterior wall was longer in the hypertensive heart disease (5.9 +/- 0.5 cm/sec and 215 +/- 21 msec, respectively), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (6.2 +/- 0.9 cm/sec and 217 +/- 17 msec, respectively), and dilated cardiomyopathy (5.2 +/- 0.8 cm/sec and 235 +/- 26 msec, respectively) groups than in the noncardiac chest pain (7.7 +/- 0.9 cm/sec and 187 +/- 24 msec, respectively) and the ischemic heart disease (7.6 +/- 0.8 cm/sec and 184 +/- 22 msec, respectively) groups. In all groups, the peak systolic velocity and the time from the electrocardiographic Q wave to the peak of the systolic wave for the posterior wall correlated directly and inversely, respectively, with the %EF (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001; r = -0.59, p < 0.0001) and the peak dP/dt (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001; r = -0.68, p < 0.0001). Both tissue Doppler variables for the ventricular septum did not correlate with the %EF but roughly correlated with peak dP/dt. We conclude that the systolic LV wall motion velocity parameters obtained by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging may be useful for noninvasive evaluation of global LV systolic function in patients with no regional asynergy.
Abstract Objective To examine the response properties of incisor- and molar-sensitive periodontal mechanosensitive (PM) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of rabbit and the activities of the ...molar-sensitive PM neurons during the grinding-like jaw movement. Design Discharges of PM units were recorded from the trigeminal ganglion with a microelectrode. The grinding-like jaw movement was induced by repetitive electrical stimulation of the cortical masticatory area. Results Upper-incisor (UI) and upper-molar (UM) units were recorded from the rostromedial area of the trigeminal ganglion, and lower-incisor (LI) and lower-molar (LM) units were distributed in the caudolateral area. Most PM units were responsive to only one tooth, slowly adapting ones and responded to tooth stimulation of a force of less than 0.05 N. The optimal stimulus direction for most UI units was labio-lingual, axial or linguo-labial, and that for most LI units was linguo-labial or axial. The optimal stimulus direction of anterior UM and LM units was oriented predominantly mesio-distal or axial. The maximum frequency of spike discharges for UM units for which the optimal stimulus direction was axial or bucco-lingual was in the middle period of the grinding phase. However, UM units for which the optimal stimulus direction was mesio-distal or linguo-buccal were fired mostly in the early period. Conclusions Periodontal sensory information in the grinding phase of jaw movement is transmitted by PM neurons with various response properties encoding the magnitude and direction of a force at least, in a weaker range of force than a saturating response level.
A proximity focusing ring imaging Cherenkov detector using aerogel as the radiator has been studied for upgrading the Belle detector at the KEK-B-factory. We constructed a prototype Cherenkov counter ...using a 4×4 array of 64-channel flat-panel multi-anode PMTs (Hamamatsu H8500) with a large effective area. The aerogel samples were made with a new technique to obtain a higher transmission length at a high refractive index (
n=1.05). Multi-channel PMTs are read-out with analog memory chips. The detector was tested at the KEK-PS
π2 beam line in November, 2002. To evaluate systematically the performance of the detector, tests were carried out with various aerogel samples using pion beams with momenta between 0.5 and
4
GeV/c
. The typical angular resolution was around
14
mrad
, and the average number of detected photoelectrons was around 6. We expect that pions and kaons can be separated at a 4
σ level at
4
GeV/c
.
cDNAs were isolated that represent transcripts of the Drosophila segment polarity gene, hedgehog (hh). Sequence analysis reveals a motif characteristic of a transmembrane domain, suggesting that the ...hh protein is membrane-associated. hh expression in epidermal cells is confined to the posterior compartments and coincides precisely with that of engrailed (en). Despite the similar patterns of expression in the cellular blastoderm, hh expression is independent of en, but hh expression becomes sensitive to and dependent on en during the extended germ band stage. The ectopic expression of hh that is normally induced in patched (ptc) mutant embryos does not appear in ptc en double mutants. We discuss these findings in terms of the relationship between en and hh, and the role of the hh function.
During the course of development, cells of many tissues differentiate according to the positional information that is set by the concentration gradients of morphogens. Morphogens are signaling ...molecules that emanate from a restricted region of a tissue and spread away from their source to form a concentration gradient. As the fate of each cell in the field depends on the concentration of the morphogen signal, the gradient prefigures the pattern of development. In this article, we describe how morphogens and their functions have been identified and analyzed, focusing on model systems that have been extensively studied.
We evaluated the effect of aging on diastolic left ventricular (LV) wall motion velocity in 80 healthy persons with the use of pulsed tissue Doppler imaging. The wall motion velocity patterns were ...recorded at the middle regions of the LV posterior wall and ventricular septum in the parasternal (along the short axis) and apical (along the long axis) LV long-axis views. In the posterior wall, the peak early diastolic wall motion velocities (Ews) along both axes correlated inversely with age (long axis: r = -0.61, P <. 0001; short axis: r = -0.55, P <.0001), and the peak atrial systolic wall motion velocities(Aws) along both axes correlated directly with age (long axis: r = 0.59, P <.0001; short axis: r = 0.65, P <.0001). In the ventricular septum, the Ew along the long axis correlated inversely with age (r = -0.51, P <.0001), and the Aws along both axes correlated directly with age (long axis: r = 0.57, P <.0001; short axis: r = 0.53, P <.0001). The Ews along both axes at the posterior wall correlated directly with the peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity. The Aws along both axes at the ventricular septum and posterior wall correlated directly with the peak atrial systolic transmitral flow velocity. The times from the second heart sound to the peak of the early diastolic waves of the ventricular septum and posterior wall along both axes significantly increased with age. The times from the aortic component of the second heart sound to the peak of the early diastolic motion velocities along both axes were significantly longer at the ventricular septum than at the posterior wall. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging may be useful for evaluating the effect of aging on diastolic LV function in healthy persons.
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