Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread multidrug-resistant opportunistic human pathogen with an extremely high mortality rate that leads to urinary tract infection morbidities in particular. ...Variability and dynamics in genome features and ecological flexibility help these bacteria adapt to many environments and hosts and underlie their broad antibiotic resistance. Overall, studies aimed at obtaining a deeper understanding of the genome organization of UTI-associated P. aeruginosa strains are of high importance for sustainable health care worldwide. Herein, we report the draft assembly of entire genomes of two P. aeruginosa strains, PA18 and PA23, isolated from voided urine of patients with urinary tract diseases (hydronephrosis and urolithiasis, respectively) and determine the most important genetic features for pathogenesis and virulence. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation of genomes revealed high similarity between the two UTI strains along with differences in comparison with other uropathogenic P. aeruginosa and reference strains. The 6 981 635 bp and 6 948 153 bp draft genome sequences with GC contents of 65.9% and 65.8%, respectively, provide new insights into the virulence genetic factors and genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. The whole genome data of PA18 and PA23 have been deposited in the NCBI GenBank database (accession numbers JAQRBF000000000.1 and JAQRBG000000000.1, respectively).
During a 2-year period in 2005–2007, we conducted surveillance of group A rotaviruses and other enteric agents among patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in 8 different cities of the ...Russian Federation. Fecal specimens were gathered from 3208 children (including 2848 children aged <5 years) and 1354 adults who were admitted to hospitals in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Tyumen, Khabarovsk, Makhachkala, and Yakutsk. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect rotaviruses of groups A and C, noroviruses of genogroups I and II, astrovirus, sapovirus, and enteric adenoviruses (group F). Group A rotavirus was the most common viral pathogen detected among children aged <5 years (43.6%), followed by norovirus (12.5%), whereas norovirus was the pathogen most commonly detected in adults (11.9%). P and G genotypes were determined for 515 rotavirus specimens, and the most prevalent genotypes were G1P8 (44.9%), G4P8 (40.0%), G2P4 (8.5%), and G3P8 (6.6%). This study is the first multicenter study of rotaviruses in the Russian Federation and documents the important burden of disease caused by this pathogen, which soon may be preventable by vaccination
Three diagnostic kits for detection of antigens of noroviruses were evaluated and compared. These were (1) the RIDAQUICK® Norovirus test kit (R-Biopharm AG, Germany), (2) the RIDASCREEN® Norovirus ...test kit (R-Biopharm AG, Germany), and (3) the Norovirus-antigen IFA-BEST kit (VECTOR-BEST, Russia). The study was carried out with a panel containing 90 norovirus-positive (GI/GII) stool samples (GI.2, GI.3, GI.4, GI.6, GII.1, GII.2, GII.3 and GII.4 (including GII.4_New_Orlean and GII.4_Sydney), and GII.5, GII.6, GII.7, GII.10, GII.15. and GII.17) and 30 negative samples. The AmpliSens OKI scrin kit (FSR no. 2008/02265 dated November 17, 2011) was used as for comparison for identification of noroviruses of the GII genogroup. A technique that included confirmative sequencing of the capsid and polymerase gene fragments was used to determine noroviruses of the GI genogroup. Only 26 of 90 (28.9%) reference-positive samples were determined as norovirus-positive ones with any of the three diagnostic kits used in the present study. False-positive results of the test were revealed only with the Norovirus-antigen IFA-BEST kit in 8 out of 30 (26.7%) reference-negative samples. The estimated indices of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the RIDAQUICK® Norovirus test kit were 12.2 and 100%, respectively. They were 26.7 and 100% for the RIDASCREEN® Norovirus test kit and 17.8 and 73.3% for the Norovirus-antigen IFA-BEST kit.
The article presents material on the production of a new class of bio-correctors in the form of cryopowders from fruit raw materials grown in the Adler district of the Krasnodar Territory. Fruits of ...shadberry, feijoa and persimmon are chosen as research objects. Fruits have high characteristics of quality, but low shelf-life. The chemical composition of fruits contains a significant amount of easily digested carbohydrates, vitamins, macro and micronutrients. The dependence of the moisture content of fruit raw materials on the duration and speed of low-temperature drying is investigated. Mathematical substantiation of the freezing process and the contribution of dry substance heat capacity, ice and water to the heat generated during the water crystallization are given. The technological apparatus scheme for the production of cryopowders from fruit raw materials has been improved. It is based on raw material dehydration in a gaseous nitrogen environment, shock low-temperature freezing of research objects and ultrafine grinding of pre-prepared and dried raw materials in a liquid nitrogen environment.
To study seasonal and age features of etiological structure of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the territory of the RF.
A total of 7388 AII inpatients aged from 1 day to 90 years from 7 cities ...(Moscow, St-Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Makhachkala and Khabarovsk) of the RF participated in a trial conducted from December 2001 to September 2006 The patients were examined with diagnostic tests based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of rotaviruses of group A (RVA), noroviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, salmonella, termophilic campilobacteria, shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC).
The above agents were detected in 72% children and 52% adults. In children RVA and noroviruses occurred most frequently (29.5% and 11%, respectively). The adults carried most often salmonella (9.3%), noroviruses (8.4%), RVA (7.8%) and Schigella in combination with EIEC (7.0%).
Viral agents are essential or prevailing causative agents of AII at different ages. Seasonal and age-related trends of AII morbidity are characterized.
A technology, based on the production of wine beverages from grape cryopowders in the mountain-valley zone of the Republic of Dagestan, is proposed. The data on the vacuum microwave drying of grape ...raw materials and subsequent grinding in a cryomill are presented. The modes of grape raw material preparation and its subsequent dehydration and cryo-grinding, which provide the possibility of successful use in the dried state in the production technology of wine drinks, are proposed. The principal feature is the use of whole grapes as a raw material, with rinds and seeds. The physical and chemical indicators, the content of phenolic substances and the organoleptic indicators of wine beverages made according to the traditional technology and the beverage made from grape cryopowders were studied. A comparative assessment of beverages was made. It is established that vacuum microwave drying conduces to better preservation of the properties of raw materials and finished products. The organoleptic assessment showed that the wine drinks developed according to the proposed technology had a more intense color and a more pronounced flavor of sweetness and sourness than traditional wine beverages. The advantage of this technology is the ability to transport grape cryopowders in unregulated temperature conditions to any point close to the consumer and carry out the production of wine beverages there.
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