In the current study, silibinin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Sili-NLCs) was synthesized, and the hepatoprotective effectiveness of Sili-NLCs against diazinon (DZN)-induced liver damage in ...male mice was evaluated. The emulsification-solvent evaporation technique was applied to prepare Sili-NLCs, and characterized by using particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficacy (EE %), in vitro drug release behavior, and stability studies. In vivo, studies were done on male mice. Hepatotoxicity in male mice were induced by DZN (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.). Four groups treated with silibinin and Sili-NLCs with the same doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.). On 31th days, serum and liver tissue samples were collected. Alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase levels, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological alterations were assessed. The Sili-NLCs particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and EE % were obtained at 220.8 ± 0.86 nm, -18.7 ± 0.28 mV, 0.118 ± 0.03, and 71.83 ± 0.15%, respectively. The in vivo studies revealed that DZN significantly increased the serum levels of AST, ALT, hepatic levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while decreased the antioxidant defense system in the mice's liver. However, Sili-NLCs was more effective than silibinin to return the aforementioned ratio toward the normal situation, and these results were well correlated with histopathological findings. Improvement of silibinin protective efficacy and oral bioavailability by using NLCs caused to Sili-NLCs can be superior to free silibinin in ameliorating DZN-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice.
Purpose
Studies of the etiology of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a rare but aggressive breast cancer, have been hampered by limited risk factor information. We extend previous studies by ...evaluating a broader range of risk factors.
Methods
Between 2009 and 2015, we conducted a case–control study of IBC at six centers in Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco; enrolled were 267 IBC cases and for comparison 274 non-IBC cases and 275 controls, both matched on age and geographic area to the IBC cases. We administered questionnaires and collected anthropometric measurements for all study subjects. We used multiple imputation methods to account for missing values and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using polytomous logistic regression comparing each of the two case groups to the controls, with statistical tests for the difference between the coefficients for the two case groups.
Results
After multivariable adjustment, a livebirth within the previous 2 years (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.8 to 11.7) and diabetes (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.0) were associated with increased risk of IBC, but not non-IBC (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.3 to 2.5 and OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.5 to 1.6 for livebirth and diabetes, respectively). A family history of breast cancer, inflammatory-like breast problems, breast trauma, and low socioeconomic status were associated with increased risk of both tumor types.
Conclusions
We identified novel risk factors for IBC and non-IBC, some of which preferentially increased risk of IBC compared to non-IBC. Upon confirmation, these findings could help illuminate the etiology and aid in prevention of this aggressive cancer.
•Multi-crystalline silicon and CIS grid-connected PV systems have been compared.•The performance parameters are calculated according to the IEC standard 61724.•mc-Si PV systems perform better than ...CIS systems.•The AC energy of mc-Si PV system is 42.85% higher than CIS.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate grid-connected photovoltaic systems based on two kinds of photovoltaic module technologies. This study presents a one-year evaluation of four grid-connected photovoltaic systems installed at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, in Tsukuba in the northern Kantō region of Japan. Two grid-connected systems based on multi-crystalline: mc-Si and two other ones based on thin film technology namely copper indium selenium: CIS modules. The monitoring data have been collected for one year to make an evaluation of all possible changes in climate environment. The goal of this study is to define the characteristics, the behavior and the sensitivity of the grid-connected PV system to the environmental parameters. Various parameters were used for the outdoor performance evaluation of the four grid-connected PV systems; including performance ratio, temperature losses, final yield, reference yield, AC energy generated and system efficiency. It was found that the grid-connected PV systems based on mc-Si technology perform much better than the systems based on CIS.
The annual average daily performance ratios of the systems based on mc-Si modules were found to be about 5.53% higher compared to those of the systems based on CIS module, and an annual average daily AC energy production about 42.85% higher than CIS.
The aim of this paper is to establish a performance assessment of different kinds of photovoltaic (PV) module technologies installed in the city of Saida in Algeria. The modules are three thin film ...modules: copper indium selenide (CIS), mono-crystalline heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) and tandem structure of amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon (a-Si_μc-Si) with two crystalline silicon modules: multi-crystalline and mono-crystalline back contact. The modules were characterised by measuring their I-V characteristics under the same outdoor conditions. Moreover, measurements of various meteorological parameters such as irradiance, temperature and humidity, using the weather station, were also performed. The monthly average daily performance parameters as performance ratio, energy yield and efficiency are given and analysed. It was found that the HIT and the a-Si_μc-Si performed much better than the other technologies. The annual average daily performance ratios of a-Si_μc-Si module was found to be about 1.55% higher compared to HIT module and 2.04% compared to CIS. The HIT module produce an annual average daily energy of 1.15 kWh more than double what the a-Si_μc-Si produce and an annual average daily efficiency more than double of the efficiency of a-Si_μc-Si.
•The study is focused on the performance assessment of five different kind of photovoltaic (PV) module technologies.•The PV modules are: CIS, HIT, a-Si_μc-Si, multi-crystalline and mono-crystalline back contact.•The assessment is based on the performance parameters, which are calculated according to IEC standard 61724.
The aim of this paper is to present three years of an evaluation of the performance and degradation rate of three different crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) modules in the Saharan ...environment. The PV modules are: mc-Si (multi-crystalline), c_Si (mono-crystalline, back contacted) and HiT (heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer); they are installed in Saida which is located at the proximity of Algeria’s Sahara. Two methods were used to calculate the degradation rate; the effective peak power of the PV modules and the temperature corrected performance ratio. It was found that the HIT technology performs worse than the other technologies with the highest degradation rate, ranging from −1.53%/year to −1.92%/year. The mc_Si PV and c_Si PV module technologies present a lower degradation rate than the HIT technology in the range of −0.74%/year to −0.83%/year and −0.58%/year to −0.79%/year respectively.
•Performance analysis of crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic modules in the Saharan environment is carried out.•The HIT PV modules showed the highest degradation rate in Saharan climate conditions.•The photovoltaic modules of c_Si are shown as the best technology for the desert environment.
Solar module emulator based on a low-cost microcontroller Boucharef, Abdelkadir; Tahri, Ali; Tahri, Fatima ...
Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation,
January 2022, 2022-01-00, 20220101, Letnik:
187
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Design of a low-cost photovoltaic emulator based on Arduino DUE microcontroller.•High accuracy emulation of several photovoltaic modules technologies is presented.•Two control strategies are applied ...to the photovoltaic emulation.•The fuzzy logic controller is most suitable and accurate in the emulation.
The aim of this paper is to present an experimental analysis of a solar module emulator based on a low-cost microcontroller. An Arduino low-cost microcontroller is used to mimic several solar module technologies with high accuracy. The estimation and extraction of the single-diode photovoltaic model parameters is performed by a developed software. Two control strategies are applied to the photovoltaic emulation, one based on the digital proportional integral controller and the second one based on fuzzy logic controller. The emulator is able to follow the module I-V curves for fast and simultaneous real-time change of solar radiation, cell temperature and load, based on an online resolution of the single-diode mathematical model of the photovoltaic module. Finally, the experimental and modeled I-V curves of four different photovoltaic module technologies are compared and assessed the efficiency of the proposed fuzzy logic control strategy compared to the proportional integral control strategy.
•Degradation analysis of thin film PV modules deployed under semi-arid climate in Algeria.•Two thin film PV technologies are analysed.•The period under scrutiny ranges from January 2014 to December ...2016.•Degradation rates, stabilization periods and evolution of the fill factor of the PV modules are evaluated.
The aim of this paper is to present an analysis of long term outdoor exposure of two thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) module technologies deployed in semi-arid climate in Saida city located in Algeria. The TFPV modules are: a-Si:H/μc-Si:H (micromorph) and copper indium selenide (CIS). The TFPV modules were characterised by measuring their I-V curves during three years under the same outdoor climate conditions, where the measurement of weather parameters were also performed. The goal of the analysis is to evaluate the degradation rates of the TFPV modules in semi-arid climate. The analysis is based on two techniques, the effective peak power of PV module and power irradiance technique. It was found that TFPV modules CIS and micromorph exhibit a degradation rate of −2.34%/year and −1.73%/year respectively. The calculated degradation rate for CIS technology is higher than those reported in the literature for locations in Europe and lower than those for locations with hot and humid conditions. In the opposite the degradation rate of the micromorph was lower than those given in the literature.
Chronic mastitis is a prolonged inflammatory breast disease, and little is known about its etiology. We identified 85 cases and 112 controls from 5 hospitals in Morocco and Egypt. Cases were women ...with chronic mastitis (including periductal, lobular, granulomatous, lymphocytic, and duct ectasia with mastitis). Controls had benign breast disease, including fibroadenoma, benign phyllodes, and adenosis. Both groups were identified from histopathologically diagnosed patients from 2008 to 2011, frequency-matched on age. Patient interviews elicited demographic, reproductive, breastfeeding, and clinical histories. Cases had higher parity than controls (OR = 1.75, 1.62–1.90) and more reported history of contraception use (OR = 2.73, 2.07–3.61). Cases were less likely to report wearing a bra (OR = 0.56, 0.47–0.67) and less often used both breasts for breastfeeding (OR = 4.40, 3.39–5.72). Chronic mastitis cases were significantly less likely to be employed outside home (OR = 0.71, 0.60–0.84) and more likely to report mice in their households (OR = 1.63, 1.36–1.97). This is the largest case-control study reported to date on risk factors for chronic mastitis. Our study highlights distinct reproductive risk factors for the disease. Future studies should further explore these factors and the possible immunological and susceptibility predisposing conditions.
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