Summary
Rice grain filling rate contributes largely to grain productivity and accumulation of nutrients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of development and physiology in plants and become a ...novel key target for engineering grain size and crop yield. However, there is little studies, so far, showing the miRNA regulation of grain filling and rice yield, in consequence. Here, we show that suppressed expression of rice miR1432 (STTM1432) significantly improves grain weight by enhancing grain filling rate and leads to an increase in overall grain yield up to 17.14% in a field trial. Molecular analysis identified rice Acyl‐CoA thioesterase (OsACOT), which is conserved with ACOT13 in other species, as a major target of miR1432 by cleavage. Moreover, overexpression of miR1432‐resistant form of OsACOT (OXmACOT) resembled the STTM1432 plants, that is, a large margin of an increase in grain weight up to 46.69% through improving the grain filling rate. Further study indicated that OsACOT was involved in biosynthesis of medium‐chain fatty acids. In addition, RNA‐seq based transcriptomic analyses of transgenic plants with altered expression of miR1432 demonstrated that downstream genes of miR1432‐regulated network are involved in fatty acid metabolism and phytohormones biosynthesis and also overlap with the enrichment analysis of co‐expressed genes of OsACOT, which is consistent with the increased levels of auxin and abscisic acid in STTM1432 and OXmACOT plants. Overall, miR1432‐OsACOT module plays an important role in grain filling in rice, illustrating its capacity for engineering yield improvement in crops.
While there are several existing mechanisms and systems addressing the crucial and difficult issues of automated one-to-many negotiation, this paper develops a flexible one-to-many negotiation ...mechanism for software agents. Unlike the existing general one-to-many negotiation mechanism, in which an agent should wait until it has received proposals from all its trading partners before generating counterproposals, in the flexible one-to-many negotiation mechanism, an agent can make a proposal in a flexible way during negotiation, i.e., negotiation is conducted in continuous time. To decide when to make a proposal, two strategies based on fixed waiting time and a fixed waiting ratio is proposed. Results from a series of experiments suggest that, guided by the two strategies for deciding when to make a proposal, the flexible negotiation mechanism achieved more favorable trading outcomes as compared with the general one-to-many negotiation mechanism. To determine the amount of concession, negotiation agents are guided by four mathematical functions based on factors such as time, trading partners' strategies, negotiation situations of other threads, and competition. Experimental results show that agents guided by the four functions react to changing market situations by making prudent and appropriate rates of concession and achieve generally favorable negotiation outcomes
Summary
Rice grain filling rate contributes largely to grain productivity and accumulation of nutrients. Micro
RNA
s (mi
RNA
s) are key regulators of development and physiology in plants and become a ...novel key target for engineering grain size and crop yield. However, there is little studies, so far, showing the mi
RNA
regulation of grain filling and rice yield, in consequence. Here, we show that suppressed expression of rice miR1432 (
STTM
1432) significantly improves grain weight by enhancing grain filling rate and leads to an increase in overall grain yield up to 17.14% in a field trial. Molecular analysis identified rice Acyl‐CoA thioesterase (
Os
ACOT
), which is conserved with
ACOT
13 in other species, as a major target of miR1432 by cleavage. Moreover, overexpression of miR1432‐resistant form of
Os
ACOT
(
OX
m
ACOT
) resembled the
STTM
1432 plants, that is, a large margin of an increase in grain weight up to 46.69% through improving the grain filling rate. Further study indicated that
Os
ACOT
was involved in biosynthesis of medium‐chain fatty acids. In addition,
RNA
‐seq based transcriptomic analyses of transgenic plants with altered expression of miR1432 demonstrated that downstream genes of miR1432‐regulated network are involved in fatty acid metabolism and phytohormones biosynthesis and also overlap with the enrichment analysis of co‐expressed genes of
Os
ACOT
, which is consistent with the increased levels of auxin and abscisic acid in
STTM
1432 and
OX
m
ACOT
plants. Overall, miR1432‐
Os
ACOT
module plays an important role in grain filling in rice, illustrating its capacity for engineering yield improvement in crops.
It is difficult to compute the word frequency for mutual information segmentation. Statistic of word frequency of parallel mutual information is integrated with dictionary segmentation to improve ...efficiency in this paper. The parallel model and dispatching policy are presented, the paper also gives the speed up ratio of parallel model at the same time, periods pattern string and non periods pattern string are optimized in parallel model. Experiment show that the algorithm is available. The parallel model also can use for other segmentation algorithms that base on statistic of word frequency.
To explore the binding mode of 2-substituted 1-indanone derivatives with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and provide hints for the future design of new derivatives with higher potency and specificity.
...The GOLD-docking conformations of the compounds in the active site of the enzyme were used in subsequent studies. The highly reliable and predictive three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models were achieved by comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) methods. The predictive capabilities of the models were validated by an external test set. Moreover, the stabilities of the 3D-QSAR models were verified by the leave-4-out cross-validation method.
The CoMFA and CoMSIA models were constructed successfully with a good cross-validated coefficient (q(2)) and a non-cross-validated coefficient (r(2)). The q(2)and r(2)obtained from the leave-1-out cross validation method were 0.784 and 0.974 in the CoMFA model and 0.736 and 0.947 in the CoMSIA model, respectively. The coefficient isocontour maps obtained from these models were compatible with the geometrical and physicochemical properties of AChE.
The contour map demonstrated that the binding affinity could be enhanced when the small protonated nitrogen moiety was replaced by a more hydrophobic and bulky group with a highly partial positive charge. The present study provides a better understanding of the interaction between the inhibitors and AChE, which is helpful for the discovery of new compounds with more potency and selective activity.
Remote sensing image segmentation is a specialized form of semantic segmentation that presents unique challenges not typically found in general semantic segmentation tasks. The key issues addressed ...in this study are the highly imbalanced foreground-background distribution and the presence of multiple small objects intertwined in complex backgrounds. However, existing methods heavily rely on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which, due to their local nature, struggle to effectively capture global context. by the powerful global modeling capability of the Swin Transformer 1, this paper proposes a novel U-shaped network for remote sensing image semantic segmentation called Light Swin Transformer_Unet. In this network, the attention calculation of the Swin Transformer is modified and employed in the encoding part of the network. Additionally, an adaptive multi-level feature pyramid pooling based on CNNs is integrated into the auxiliary decoder of the Unet, creating a novel parallel connection structure with feature processing capabilities. This module effectively addresses the limitations of Transformers in focusing on local features. Experimental results on the Loveda 2 dataset demonstrate that the proposed network outperforms pure CNNs, pure Transformer networks, as well as networks that fuse CNNs and Transformers in other forms. Moreover, the proposed network achieves a slight performance improvement with a decrease in parameter count compared to the Transformer alone.The research findings provide a reference for the fusion network of CNN and Transformer, and offer valuable methods and techniques to address challenges in this field.
This paper thoroughly analyzes the transfer and construction of the state-action space of the agent decision-making process, discusses the optimal strategy of agent’s action selection based on Markov ...decision-making process, designs a neural networks model for the agent reinforcement learning, and designs the agent reinforcement learning based on neural networks. By the simulation experiment of agent’s bid price in Multi-Agent Electronic Commerce System, validated the Agent Reinforcement Learning Algorithm Based on Neural Networks has very good performance and the action impending ability.
The minimum rolling thickness in asymmetrical rolling was analyzed compared with that in symmetrical rolling. The differential equilibrium equations on forces were established to calculate the ...asymmetrical rolling force equation by slab method. An implicit expression of the minimum rolling thickness was then derived from the rolling force equation and Hitchcock equation. The results show that permissible minimum rolling thickness of asymmetrical rolling only exists within a specific range of cross-shear ratio, which is termed the cross-shear zone proportion of the whole deformation zone. Numerical computation was carried out to obtain a discrete solution of the minimum rolling thickness. Experiments were designed to investigate the influence factors on cross-shear ratio. Finally, experimental results prove the correctness of the improved formula given.
This work focuses on automated negotiation in dynamic and complex negotiation environments which often have the following three characteristics (1) an agent can reach an agreement with more than one ...trading partner, i.e., there are outside options in negotiation. Outside options can increase agents' bargaining power and can in.uence agents' reserve proposals or negotiation strategies; (2) agents can dynamically enter or leave the market; and (3) agents have incomplete information about the other entities.
The remainder of this chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the negotiation model and the MCDM strategy algorithm. In Sect. 3, we will explain the details of the Markov chain model. In Sect. 4, we examine the performance of the MCDM strategy through experimentation. Section 5 summarizes related work. In the.nal section, some conclusions are presented and ideas for future work are outlined.
Lithium reactivity with electrolytes leads to their continuous consumption and dendrite growth, which constitute major obstacles to harnessing the tremendous energy of lithium-metal anode in a ...reversible manner. Considerable attention has been focused on inhibiting dendrite via interface and electrolyte engineering, while admitting electrolyte-lithium metal reactivity as a thermodynamic inevitability. Here, we report the effective suppression of such reactivity through a nano-porous separator. Calculation assisted by diversified characterizations reveals that the separator partially desolvates Li
in confinement created by its uniform nanopores, and deactivates solvents for electrochemical reduction before Li
-deposition occurs. The consequence of such deactivation is realizing dendrite-free lithium-metal electrode, which even retaining its metallic lustre after long-term cycling in both Li-symmetric cell and high-voltage Li-metal battery with LiNi
Mn
Co
O
as cathode. The discovery that a nano-structured separator alters both bulk and interfacial behaviors of electrolytes points us toward a new direction to harness lithium-metal as the most promising anode.
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