Simulated annealing (SA) has been applied with success to many numerical and combinatorial optimization problems in recent years. SA has a rather slow convergence rate, however, on some function ...optimization problems. In this paper, by introducing chaotic systems to simulated annealing, we propose a optimization algorithm named chaos simulated annealing (CSA). The distinctions between CSA and SA are chaotic initialization and chaotic sequences replacing the Gaussian distribution. Simulation results of typical complex function optimization show that CSA improves the convergence and is efficient, applicable and easy to implement. In addition, we discuss the advantages of CSA, and show the reasons why CSA performs better than SA.
Many networks are characterized by highly heterogeneous distributions of links which are called scale-free networks, and the degree distributions follow
p
(
k
)
∼
ck
-
α
. We study the robustness of ...scale-free networks to random failures from the character of their heterogeneity. Entropy of the degree distribution can be an average measure of a network's heterogeneity. Optimization of scale-free networks’ robustness to random failures with average connectivity constant is equivalent to maximizing the entropy of the degree distribution. By examining the relationship of the entropy of the degree distribution, scaling exponent and the minimal connectivity, we get the optimal design of scale-free networks to random failures. We conclude that the entropy of the degree distribution is an effective measure of network's resilience to random failures.
The roles of angiopoietins in gastric cancer progression are still not fully understood. In this study the expressions of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), -2 (Ang-2) were compared by immunohistochemistry in ...53 gastric cancer and 23 normal gastric mucosa samples. Results revealed that Ang-2 expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues (74%) and was correlated with higher TNM stage, lymph node metastasis as well as distance metastasis. The expression of Ang-1 was also elevated in cancerous tissues (66%) and significantly associated with differentiation degree. In addition, Ang-2 as well as its receptor Tie2 expressions were higher in 12 pairs of gastric cancer tissue samples than those in corresponding adjacent samples by Western blot, while Ang-1 expression showed great heterogeneity. Furthermore, the expressions of Ang-1 and Ang-2 were almost positive in eight gastric cancer cell lines. Among them, AGS expressed both Ang-2 and a relatively moderate amount of Ang-2
443, a novel splice form of Ang-2, while others showed only Ang-2 mRNA expression.
NOD.H-2h4 mice, which express I-Akon the NOD genetic background, spontaneously develop autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) and anti-mouse thyroglobulin (MTg) autoantibodies. The incidence of SAT is nearly ...100% in mice of both sexes 6–8 weeks after administration of 0.05% NaI in the drinking water. After reaching maximum severity, inflammation is chronic over the next 3–4 months. All mice that develop thyroid lesions also produce MTg-specific IgG1 and IgG2b autoantibodies. Thyroid lesions and anti-MTg autoantibodies did not develop in CBA/J (H-2k) or NOD.SWR(H-2q) mice after administration of NaI water. Both CD4+and CD8+T cells are involved in the initial development of SAT. Depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells after thyroid lesions have developed also markedly reduced SAT severity, indicating that CD4+T cells are required for both developing and maintaining SAT. Analysis of cytokine gene expression indicated that both Th1 and Th2 cytokines were expressed in thyroids of NOD.H-2h4 mice with SAT. Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines were maximally expressed 4–6 weeks after mice began receiving NaI water, while Th2 cytokine gene expression was greatest at 8–15 weeks, when lesions had reached maximal severity and were in the chronic phase. TGF-β was highly expressed in NOD.H-2h4 thyroids, irrespective of whether the mice had received NaI water or had thyroid lesions.
Quadrature oscillators using CCIIs Horng, Jiun-Wei; Hou, Chun-Li; Chang, Chun-Ming ...
International journal of electronics,
20/1/1/, Letnik:
92, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Three third-order quadrature oscillators are proposed. Outputs of two sinusoids with 90° phase difference are available in each quadrature oscillator circuit. The oscillation condition and ...oscillation frequency of each proposed quadrature oscillator are orthogonal controllable. All proposed circuits employ only grounded capacitors. The use of only grounded capacitors is ideal for integration. Experimental results are included to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Complexity pursuit is a recently developed algorithm using the gradient descent for separating interesting components from time series. It is an extension of projection pursuit to time series data ...and the method is closely related to blind separation of time-dependent source signals and independent component analysis (ICA). In this paper, a fixed-point algorithm for complexity pursuit is introduced. The fixed-point algorithm inherits the advantages of the well-known FastICA algorithm in ICA, which is very simple, converges fast, and does not need choose any learning step sizes.
Based on the idea of tabu search that Glover et al put forward, a new tabu search, named
Memory Tabu Search (MTS), is proposed for solving the multiple-minima problem of continuous functions. Two ...convergence theorems, which show that MTS asymptotically converges to the global optimal solutions in probability one under suitable conditions, are given. Numerical results illustrate that this algorithm is efficient, robust and easy to implement.
A new fixed-point algorithm for independent component analysis (ICA) is presented that is able blindly to separate mixed signals with sub- and super-Gaussian source distributions. The new fixed-point ...algorithm maximizes the likelihood of the ICA model under the constraint of decorrelation and uses the method of Lee et al. (Neural Comput. 11(2) (1999) 417) to switch between sub- and super-Gaussian regimes. The new fixed-point algorithm maximizes the likelihood very fast and reliably. The validity of this algorithm is confirmed by the simulations and experimental results.
In this paper, blind source separation is discussed with more sources than mixtures. This blind separation technique assumes a linear mixing model and involves two steps: (1) learning the mixing ...matrix for the observed data using the sparse mixture model and (2) inferring the sources by solving a linear programming problem after the mixing matrix is estimated. Through the experiments of the speech signals, we demonstrate the efficacy of this proposed approach.
School moral education in any country is carried out in a particular social and cultural context. The renewal of policy and practice in moral education in China has come about because of a rapidly ...changing Chinese society, as a result of the government's 'reform and opening up' policy since the end of the 1970s. The consequent changes in the Chinese economy, politics and culture are innovatory and challenging. It is these changes that have brought about, and will continue to bring about, new ideas and practices in moral education. This paper describes how Chinese moral education has been influenced according to recent social changes and modernization in China, including the formation of the market economy, the impact of globalization, mass media and the Internet, cultural diversity and value pluralism, trends to democratization in politics, and structural changes in the family. It also considers the kind of social issues and challenges which are being dealt with and anticipated in policy, theory and practice in contemporary Chinese moral education.
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