Based on immunological principles, we propose an artificial immune network with diversity inspired by the living body immune system and apply it to pattern recognition. We express the diversity of ...living body immune system by the fact that minute random noise is added to the proposed artificial immune network repeatedly and test the proposed artificial immune network by the simulation on alphabet pattern recognition.
A 21/2‐year‐old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received chemotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation. After six years of remission, including three years off therapy, metastatic thyroid ...carcinoma appeared in the cervical lymph nodes. The predisposing factors for the development of thyroid carcinoma as a second malignancy in this case are discussed. It is suggested that thyroid carcinoma should be added to the growing list of second malignancies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and that careful thyroid examination be included in the follow‐up of long‐term survivors.
To study the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced preconditioning on the inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) by lysophosphatidylcholine ...(Lys) in the isolated rabbit and rat thoracic aortas.
Endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh was studied in the aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine 0.1 mumol.L-1 in the absence or presence of Lys.
On the rabbit aortic rings, Lys 5 mg.L-1 impaired vasodilator responses to ACh. Pretreatment with CGRP 0.1 mumol.L-1 for 5 min attenuated the inhibition of vasodilator responses to ACh by Lys. The effect of CGRP was blocked by 1-(5-isoquinolinysulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) (% relaxations to ACh 1 mumol.L-1 were 88 +/- 4, 28 +/- 10, 65 +/- 13, and 25 +/- 10 for control, Lys, Lys + CGRP, and Lys + CGRP + H-7, respectively). The same effects of CGRP were shown in the rat aortic rings, and the effect of CGRP was also abolished by H-7 (% relaxations to ACh 1 mumol.L-1 was 84 +/- 10, 55 +/- 11, 76 +/- 11, and 50 +/- 14 for control, Lys, Lys + CGRP, and Lys + CGRP + H-7, respectively).
CGRP-induced preconditioning protected the endothelium against injury elicited by Lys, the effect of CGRP is related to the activation of PKC.
Starting from the physical principles of the dynamical scattering of high energetic electrons in high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) a new criterion is proposed for the determination of the ...absolute focus of reconstructed exit wave functions.
This study was to investigate the effects of bradykinin (BK) on myocyte cultures. The effects of BK against lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radicals were estimated on an anoxia/reoxygenation ...injured model. A salicylate hydroxylation product dihydroxybenzoic acids (DHBA) was detected using HPLC with electrochemical detection, a sensitive device for assaying the hydroxyl free radical. BK (10 nmol.L-1) reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, from 1.94 +/- s 0.28 to 0.25 +/- 0.03 nmol/10(6) cells, n = 5, P < 0.01), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (1.28 +/- 0.23 to 0.63 +/- 0.12 u.ml-1, n = 8, P < 0.01) and DHBA (60 +/- 5 to 44 +/- 12 nmol.L-1, n = 6, P < 0.01). These improvements were nullified by pretreatment with K86/4321 (1 mumol.L-1), a kind of BK receptor antagonist. Indometacin (Ind, 1 mumol.L-1) had a synergic action with BK to decrease the LDH release, but Ind (30 mumol.L-1) attenuated the protection of BK, while both LDH and TBARS were increased. The mechanism for protection of BK was ascribable to the activation of BK receptor, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and the decreased hydroxyl free radical formation.
In some recent works, graph-theoretic decomposition techniques were used in the stability analysis of large-scale interconnected dynamical systems. These results are applicable to systems with ...separable interconnecting structure. (By this term, we mean systems whose interconnecting structure enters additively into the system description and each term in the interconnecting structure connects at most two subsystems.) In this paper, we present results which are less conservative than the Lyapunov stability results developed previously and which are applicable to systems with nonseparable interconnecting structure. The graph-theoretic methods developed herein can be used to extend existing input-output stability results to be applicable to systems with nonseparable interconnecting structure as well. In arriving at the present results, generalizations of the usual concepts of a graph and a digraph (called a G -graph and an M -digraph, respectively) are introduced, and some of their properties are established. These graphtheoretic results, which we feel are of interest in their own right, make possible the systematic decomposition of large-scale systems into several useful and important equivalent forms. Indeed, these decomposition results constitute generalizations of earlier ones which use the usual notion of a digraph. To clarify concepts introduced and to demonstrate the usefulness of the results developed, several specific examples are included in the paper.
Two cases of multilocular renal cyst (MRC) are presented with electron microscopic findings. The epithelial cells of the cysts resembled renal collecting tubule cells and not convoluted tubule or ...Henle's loop cells. Intercystic areas contained only connective tissue elements. Simple MRC appears to be a congenital malformation that results from segmental maldevelopment of the ureteric bud. In some cases of MRC, the intercystic septa contain immature renal elements. The lesion is then called cystic poorly differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN). However, in both MRC and CPDN, local recurrence or metastases have not been described. Treatment of these lesions should consist of nephrectomy, careful histologic evaluation to rule out obvious foci of Wilms' tumor, and conservative follow-up.
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