Abstract
Polysilicon thin-film semiconductor bridges (SCB) and Pb•BaTNR primary explosives are selected to prepare SCB/Pb•BaTNR samples, and their ignition performance is tested. The test results ...show that the SCB/Pb•BaTNR samples were ignited random when the ignition energy provided for SCB is insufficient but aroud critical value. Under different energy-storage capacitance, the voltages that lead to SCB completely gasifying into high-energy plasma are around 21V, indicating that charging voltage is the main factor affecting SCB elements to produce high-energy plasma. Ignition tests are performed on the SCB/Pb•BaTNR samples under the conditions of 47μF/21V, 64μF/21V, and 100μF/21V. The samples are found to ignite reliably, and the action time ranges from 0.17 ms to 0.4 ms, meeting the requirements for high instantaneity.
Abstract Background Indigenous adults residing in the Northern Territory of Australia experience elevated rates of invasive pneumococcal disease despite the routine use of 23-valent pneumococcal ...polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV). We hypothesised that the limited protection from 23vPPV may be due to hyporesponsiveness as a result of vaccine failure from repeated vaccination. To explore this possibility, we evaluated the immune response to a first and second dose of 23vPPV in Indigenous adults and a first dose of 23vPPV in non-Indigenous adults. Methods Serotype-specific IgG was measured by ELISA for all 23 vaccine serotypes at baseline and at one month post-vaccination. Individuals were considered to have an adequate immune response if paired sera demonstrated either: a four-fold rise in antibody concentration; a two-fold rise if the post vaccination antibody was >1.3 μg/ml but <4.0 μg/ml; or a post-vaccination antibody concentration >4.0 μg/ml for at least half of the serotypes tested (12/23). Our per-protocol analysis included the comparison of outcomes for three groups: Indigenous adults receiving a second 23vPPV dose (N = 20) and Indigenous (N = 60) and non-Indigenous adults (N = 25) receiving their first 23vPPV dose. Results All non-Indigenous adults receiving a first dose of 23vPPV mounted an adequate immune response (25/25). There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals with an adequate response using our definition (primary endpoint), with 88% of Indigenous adults mounted an adequate response following first dose 23vPPV (53/60) compared to 70% having an adequate response following a second dose of 23vPPV (14/20; p = 0.05). The risk difference between Indigenous participants receiving first dose compared to non-Indigenous participants receiving first dose was significant when comparing a response threshold of at least 70% (−27%, 95% CI: −43% to −11%; p = 0.01) and 90% (−38%, 95% CI: −60% to −16%; p = 0.006) of serotypes with a positive response. Conclusion Indigenous participants demonstrated a poorer response to a first dose 23vPPV compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts, with lower IgG following a second 23vPPV dose. These findings highlight the critical need to evaluate the efficacy of future pneumococcal vaccine programs in the Australian Indigenous populations that recommend repeated doses of 23vPPV.
In this study, we investigated the association between 5 interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and autoimmune diseases using the Medline citation index. ...Twenty-eight studies with 74 comparisons, including 16 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 43 systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), 2 juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 6 multiple sclerosis (MS), and 5 systemic sclerosis (SSc) studies, were examined in the meta-analysis. The SNP rs2004640 was significantly associated with SLE, MS, and SSc, but not with JIA odds ratio (OR)=1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.90-1.24, P=0.48 or RA (OR=1.03, 95%CI=0.95-1.11, P=0.44). A significant association was observed between rs2280714 and SLE, MS, and SSc, but not RA (OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.94-1.09, P=0.80). Rs10954213 was associated with the pathogenesis of SLE, RA, MS, and SSc. rs2070197 and the exon 6 insertion were significantly associated with SLE. Haplotypes containing rs2004640T and rs2280714T were significantly associated with an increased risk of SLE, but not with RA. This meta-analysis certified that IRF5 polymorphisms confer susceptibility to SLE, MS, and SSc. To further confirm the correlations between polymorphisms of IRF5 and autoimmune disease susceptibility, studies involving a larger number of patients worldwide are necessary.
To understand and analyze the incidence of HIV infection in club drug abusers among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Qingdao and provide a reference for the prevention and intervention of this ...population.
From March 2017 to July 2022, club drug abusers among MSM who are HIV-negative were recruited by snowball sampling of MSM social organizations in Qingdao, a prospective cohort was established, and a follow-up survey was conducted every six months, with the sample size estimated to be 436. The survey contents included demographic characteristics, sexual characteristics, AIDS knowledge awareness, club drug abuse, HIV testing, and other information. HIV infection was the outcome-dependent variable, and the interval between the recruitment into the cohort and the HIV infection was the time-dependent variable. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to identify the related factors for HIV infection.
A total of 987 participants of club drug abusers among MSM were recruited during the baseline
The interactions of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are highly hypothesized to affect an individual's susceptibility to complex diseases. Although many works have been done to ...identify and quantify the importance of multi-SNP interactions, few of them could handle the genome wide data due to the combinatorial explosive search space and the difficulty to statistically evaluate the high-order interactions given limited samples.
Three comparative experiments are designed to evaluate the performance of MegaSNPHunter. The first experiment uses synthetic data generated on the basis of epistasis models. The second one uses a genome wide study on Parkinson disease (data acquired by using Illumina HumanHap300 SNP chips). The third one chooses the rheumatoid arthritis study from Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) using Affymetrix GeneChip 500K Mapping Array Set. MegaSNPHunter outperforms the best solution in this area and reports many potential interactions for the two real studies.
The experimental results on both synthetic data and two real data sets demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms the best solution that is currently available in handling large-scale SNP data both in terms of speed and in terms of detection of potential interactions that were not identified before. To our knowledge, MegaSNPHunter is the first approach that is capable of identifying the disease-associated SNP interactions from WTCCC studies and is promising for practical disease prognosis.
A new Al-Mg-0.15% Sc-0.10% Zr (wt%) alloy sheet with an average (sub)grain size of ~2.25µm was processed by a simple thermomechanical processing. Excellent superplastic (elongations of ≥800%) can be ...achieved at a temperature range of 450–500°C and a high strain rate range of 1×10−2–1×10−1s−1. A maximum elongation of ~1579% was obtained at 475°C and a high strain rate of 5×10−2s−1. Electron back scatter diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy results showed that superior superplastic ductility of the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy can be ascribed to the complete transformation of low angle grain boundaries to high angle grain boundaries due to the occurrence of continuous dynamic recrystallization and the presence of stable coherent Al3ScxZr1−x particles that effectively impede the growth of the grains during superplastic deformation. Besides, strong β-fiber rolling textures gradually weakened, and random textures were predominant in the superplastic deformed alloy. Analyses on the superplastic data revealed that the average strain rate sensitivity parameter and the average activation energy of the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy were ~0.48 and ~84.4kJ/mol–1, respectively. All results indicated that the main superplastic deformation mechanism was grain boundary sliding.
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