The time series of the radial increment of pine
Pinus sylvestris
L. in 1945–2015 were studied on the territory of the Krasnoturansky pine forest in the stands damaged during the outbreak of the pine ...looper
Bupalus piniarius
L. in 1974–1978 and in the stands not damaged by the pest. To assess the differences in the processes of radial increment of trees in damaged and undamaged stands before the outbreak, it is proposed to use the regulatory characteristics of time series, such as the values of
n
delay (autocorrelation) and the amplitude
s
of fluctuations in time series. According to these indicators, one can numerically assess the inertia of the processes of regulation of radial increment. Since the regulatory characteristics can only be correctly calculated for stationary time series, the series of the first differences of the radial increment were used for the calculations. The trees in the stands that were attacked by insects were characterized either by the absence of delay in the time series, or by sufficiently large values of the order of autocorrelation (
n
). Moreover, fluctuations in the current radial increment relative to the age trend were significantly greater in trees in damaged stands than in undamaged ones. The rate of growth recovery in trees damaged by insects depending on the regulatory characteristics of the time series of radial increment before the onset of damage was assessed. The obtained characteristics can be used to assess the risk of phyllophages’ attacks on stands and the rate of restoration of stands damaged by insects.
The article presents the results of the development of rehabilitative and developmental board games of varying complexity for people of all age groups with a violation of the musculoskeletal system ...and cognitive functions by the author team of the Orenburg State University design department. Games are designed to restore and develop motor skills, visual perception, cognitive abilities, logical and spatial thinking. Particular attention is paid to the variability of games and parameters of game chips configuration, with the aim of gradual and continuous improvement of patients' skills in the rehabilitation process.
Aim. The article is aimed at studying the relationship between the neurodynamic characteristics of athletes of different sports and the indicators of physical fitness obtained during exercise tests. ...Materials and methods. The study involved male athletes aged 16–21 years, involved in swimming (20 people) and powerlifting (16 people), having sports ranks from the 2nd adult to a candidate for master of sports. The volume and concentration of attention, the speed of eye-hand coordination, the level of functional mobility, the strength of nervous processes, the response to a moving object and the tapping test were processed using an automated program. Indicators of aerobic and speed - strength fitness of the muscles of the lower extremities were determined by the cycle ergo meter tests. Results. Swimmers differed from power lifters by a smaller volume, but better concentration of attention, higher dynamism and strength of nervous processes, less pronounced excitement in the central nervous system, high rates of aerobic energy supply and a less pronounced correlation between the functional indicators and psychophysiological characteristics. In both groups, negative correlations of aerobic performance with the speed of visual motor responses and positive correlations with the balance of nervous processes were revealed. Speed-strength indicators are better for athletes with a high functional mobility, dynamism and strength of nervous processes. Conclusion. There is a correlation between the neurodynamic characteristics and indicators of functional fitness, which must be taken into account when interpreting the results of stress tests and developing individual recommendations based on the results of the examination.
The diaphragm is a unique skeletal muscle; it is active throughout the lifetime and, therefore, differs from locomotor muscles in the properties of muscle fibers and the mechanisms of blood supply ...control. The aim of this review was to survey the structural characteristics of diaphragm muscle tissue, which provide its integral contractile properties; to compare the activity of vascular tone control mechanisms in the diaphragm and locomotor muscles; and to explore their relationship with the regulation of contractile function. The diaphragm differs from the majority of skeletal muscles by a high content of both slow fatigue-resistant muscle fibers of type I and fast fibers of type IIb, which provides endurance and high force-velocity characteristics of the diaphragm. The muscle fibers in the diaphragm are smaller, and the density of capillarization is much higher than in locomotor muscles. Arteries and arterioles that regulate blood supply to the diaphragm capillary bed combine the properties of arteries from muscles composed mainly of oxidative or mainly of glycolytic fibers. Such variety provides blood flow in the diaphragm adequate to its functional load with various patterns of activity. The mechanisms of vasoregulation in the diaphragm can qualitatively differ in the proximal and distal parts of the vascular bed. The functional properties of the proximal arteries can in part be explained by their proximity to the aorta and their small length. The contractile characteristics and blood supply of the diaphragm in various conditions should be considered when conducting respiratory muscle training in sports and rehabilitation medicine.
The work was aimed to evaluate the immunophenotype of adipose tissue stem cells isolated from epicardial and perivascular fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease and acquired heart ...disease. In cell culture obtained from epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) (second passage) of patients with both coronary heart disease and acquired heart disease, there was a high (over 90%) expression of membrane proteins characteristic of stem cells. In addition to a major cell population, the two minor were found both in EAT and in PVAT cell cultures: (1) CD90
–
, CD105
+
, CD34
–/+
, CD73
+
, CD45
–
(putative endothelial), and (2) CD90
+
, CD105
–
, CD34
–
, CD73
–
, CD45
–
(the smallest). Thus, at early stages of cultivation, mesenchymal cells of the stromal vascular fraction isolated from EAT and PVAT express surface markers characteristic of adipose tissue stem cells.
Changes in the baroreflex control of heart rate were studied in male subjects during their aerobic veloergometric exercises, using the phase synchronization index (PSI) of the mean arterial pressure ...(MAP) and heart rate (HR) oscillations in the frequency range of baroreflex waves (from 0.06 to 0.12 Hz). The protocol of tests included continuous recordings of blood pressure (by the photocompensation method) and ECG in volunteers (young men), with the load intensity specified individually for each subject in reference to his anaerobic threshold (AT). It has been shown in the test with a stepwise change in the load power, at a relatively moderate load (60% AT) PSI did not change compared with the value at rest, but significantly decreased when the load was increased up to 80% AT. To assess the time of the PSI, which can characterize the dynamics in the baroreflex resetting, changes caused by variations in the load we used the test with sinusoidally varying power (the mean value was 50% AT, the amplitude was 30% AT, and the power modulation period varied from 1000 to 100 s), MAP, HR and PSI values were calculated for successive 4-min intervals with 3-min overlapping. Whereas under this test, the PSI modulation, due to load power variations, almost disappeared as the period decreased from 1000 to 500 s, but the MAP and HR modulation was preserved until the 250-s period. Thus, the phase synchronization of MAP and HR oscillations at frequencies of baroreflex waves decreases during intensive aerobic exercise, and the pattern of its changes due to load variations are characterized by a relatively slow temporal dynamics.
A convenient one-pot procedure has been proposed for the preparation of 1-(1-alkoxyethoxy)allenes from alkoxyethenes and prop-2-yn-1-ol with the use of trifluoroacetic acid as highly efficient ...catalyst for the synthesis of 3-(1-alkoxyethoxy)prop-1-ynes and of the system
t
-BuOK–DMSO for the isomerization of the latter into allenes.
Aim
A decrease in the Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle contraction is a hallmark of functional remodelling of blood vessels during development. However, the responsible factors are largely unknown. ...Here, we tested the hypothesis that the post‐natal decline of arterial Ca2+ sensitivity is the result of trophic effects of sympathetic nerves.
Methods
Contractile responses, intracellular Ca2+ levels and protein expression profiles were compared in saphenous arteries from young (1‐ and 2‐week‐old) and adult rats using wire myography, Ca2+ fluorimetry and Western blotting respectively.
Results
We observed a lower Ca2+ sensitivity of contractions induced by methoxamine, an agonist of α1‐adrenoceptors, and U46619, an agonist of thromboxane A2 receptors, in arteries from adult as compared to young animals. Post‐natal maturation was associated with stronger expression of regulatory proteins mediating Ca2+‐dependent contraction (myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), myosin targeting subunit (MYPT1) and h‐caldesmon) and weaker expression of proteins regulating Ca2+‐independent contraction (Rho kinase, extracellular‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases p38 MAPK) in vessels from adult rats. To eliminate the trophic action of sympathetic nerves, we performed lumbar sympathectomy in adult rats. This resulted in higher Ca2+ sensitivity of agonist‐induced contractions in denervated as compared to control arteries. Furthermore, denervated arteries contained less MLCK, MYPT1 and h‐caldesmon and more ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK.
Conclusions
Sympathetic denervation reverses developmental changes both in Ca2+ sensitivity and in the expression of regulatory proteins back to the early post‐natal phenotype in the rat saphenous artery. We conclude that trophic effects of sympathetic nerves govern functional remodelling of arteries during early post‐natal development.
Abstract
Soybean (Glycines max (L.) Merr) is culture-sensitive to diseases and infections. The article states that a detailed study of the physiological processes at the biochemical level is ...required. It induces oxidative stress to create a cultivar resistant to S. glycines. Enzymes play a leading role in adaptation to stressors. The hydrolase enzymes we have selected for the study have selective neutral behaviour (concerning S. glycines on the studied soybean varieties), which allows them to be used as protein markers for the selection of the most resistant cultivar to S. glycines at the molecular level.
By differential thermal analysis, the ternary systems MCl–MI–M
2
CrO
4
(M = Rb, Cs) were studied, and the characteristics (melting points, concentrations of components) of alloys at invariant ...equilibrium points of the systems were determined. The studied systems are systems of the same type that form by varying the alkali metal cation with increasing atomic number of the cation. In all the binary systems constituting the ternary systems, eutectics form. Based on analyzing the faceting elements, it was assumed that eutectics form in the ternary systems. Low-melting eutectic mixtures of alkali-metal halides and chromates are chemically stable even in the molten state and have low viscosity and low volatility, which makes them suitable for using as heat-storage materials or electrolytes for chemical current sources. Consideration of the systems MCl–MI–M
2
CrO
4
(M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) showed that the varying alkali metal cation in them does not affect the morphology of the liquidus.
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