The concept presented in this paper proposes to exploit the structure of a 3-D slotted waveguide antenna array (SWAA) to turn it into a completely passive millimeter-wave identification (MMID) ...pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is realized by ending the SWAA with a metallic membrane, where the variation of pressure causes a variation in the radar cross section (RCS). The concept is studied across the RCS measurement of the SWAA ended by a sliding short circuit to emulate the membrane deflection. Experimental results show that a sensitivity of 22.46 mm 2 /mm of short-circuit displacement is reached at 57.8 GHz. An estimated read range of 1.1 m is considered with an MMID reader compliant with the ETSI European power emission regulation.
A passive harmonic tag for buried assets localization is presented for utility localization. The tag design is based on a dual-polarized patch antenna at Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band. One of its ...feeders is connected to a frequency doubler based on a Schottky diode that generates the second harmonic, which is transmitted using a linear-polarized patch tuned at this frequency. The power received at the other feeder of the dual-polarized antenna is harvested by an RF to DC converter based on a five-stage voltage multiplier whose energy is used to bias a low-power quartz oscillator that modulates the output of the doubler. The different parts of the system are presented, and the theoretical read range is estimated as a function of the soil composition and the water content. A low-cost reader based on a software defined radio is also presented. Finally, experiments with a prototype of the tag are performed for different soil conditions.
This work presents a novel technique for designing chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags which, unlike the traditional tags with complex geometries, are both compact and printable. The ...tags themselves are alphabets, which offers the advantage of efficient visual recognition of the transmitted data in real-time via radio frequency (RF) waves. In this study, the alphabets (e.g., a, b and c) are realized by using copper etching on a thin dielectric substrate (TLX-8) backed by a ground plane. It is shown that the original signature of the frequency response of the backscattered radar cross-section (RCS) of the letter, displays dips that are unique to the individual letters. The tags have been simulated, fabricated and their monostatic cross-sections have been measured by using a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna in the frequency band ranging from 6 to 13 GHz. The study also includes, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the impact of changing the shape of the tag owing to variation in the font type, size, spacing, and orientation. The proposed letters of the alphabet are easily printable on the tag and provide an efficient way to visually recognized them and, hence, to detect them in a robust way, even with a low coding density of 2.63 bit/cm2. The advantages of the proposed novel identification method, i.e., utilization of the both co- and cross-polar RCS characteristics for the printable clipless RFID tags are the enhancement of the coding density, security and better detection of the alphabet tags with different fonts by capturing the tag characteristics with better signal to noise ratio (SNR). Good agreement has been achieved between the measured and simulated results for both co- and cross-polarized cases.
In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that a 19-bit chipless tag based on a paper substrate can be realized using the flexography technique, which is an industrial high-speed printing ...process. The chipless tag is able to operate within the ultra-wide band (UWB) and has a reasonable size ( 7×3 cm 2 ) compared to state-of-the-art versions. Thus, it is possible to use this design for various identification applications that require a low unit cost of tags. Both the simulation and measurement results are shown, and performance comparisons are provided between several realization processes, such as classical chemical etching, flexography printing, and catalyst inkjet printing.
Human body communication is non-radio frequency technique of wireless body area network, wherein the human body is used as a communication medium in two coupling methods namely: capacitive and ...galvanic coupling. HBC is relatively new method and in full development, given the large number of scientific publishing works depending on different setup and equipment. Even that it remains controversial with no consensus in terms of propagation characteristics and behavior mechanism. This paper deals with the common used test equipment and configuration attempting to provide a complementary information about HBC channel characterization issue. For that, in vivo measurements were carried out using several assembling of equipment in different scenarios, considering the conventional inspected parameters (channel length, transverse distance and balun insertion scenarios). The measurements were conducted in both frequency and time domain using primarily spectrum/vector network analyzer and digital oscilloscope respectively. Thus, in addition to transmission losses between transceivers across the channel (calculated path loss factor), phase angle information are considered over the operating frequency band to assert the non-dispersive HBC channel nature. Further harmonic distortion effect is shown, then high transmission power for the signal of interest is attributed to HBC methods according to the calculated total harmonic distortion THD metric, even harmonics resulting from the channel non-linearity characteristics or transceivers signal/apparatus imperfections. The experimental setups highlights the important to consider the precise criteria for measurement purpose, thus leading using the most appropriate test apparatus.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors are increasingly recognized as the way for achieving smart environment monitoring. Real world industrial applications, such as multiobjects orientation ...detection, motion sensing as well as monitoring in harsh environment require real-time operation and fast responses for control decisions. This paper examines the timing analysis of UHF networked RFID sensors tag system and the factors influencing time latency. Time constrains in RFID communication channel, such as the minimum detection time of the reader in the vicinity of the RFID tag and the effect of protocol requirements are examined experimentally for commercial tags in compliance with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) regulations. This assessment has the objective to analyze the RFID tag for instance as a motion sensor. In order to illustrate the interest of the presented delay analysis, a method to measure the response time due to rotation speed is introduced. A case study using two commercial RFID tags under rotation is presented and analyzed in terms of delays.
In this paper, we investigate chipless RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags based on Arabic Alphabets with points, to be used as RF coding particles. First, the tags were designed by ...considering an Arial font to generate the metallic letters printed on flexible Kapton substrates. Next, the points were connected to form the main bodies of the letters to improve their Radar Cross Section (RCS) signatures when illuminated with incident electromagnetic waves within the frequency band of 2-8 GHz, for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. Good agreement between simulated and measured results has been obtained. We have found that among all of the similar letters studied, those stripline connections provided us the best way to take into account of the presence of the points and then conveniently distinguish the RCS signals characterizing each letter with a unique RF response. Finally, a lookup table for the identification of the 18 letters with punctuation that have been studied has been carried out.
The aim of this paper is to develop a framework of a chipless wireless system for sensing in compliance with the standard international regulations. The proposed approach offers a solution to solve ...the main difficulty met for the deployment of chipless systems that require specific readers (based on non-standardized large frequency bands and specific signal waveforms). The possibility of interrogating chipless sensors in the regulated bands is demonstrated. The concept is introduced from several chipless sensor solutions, including specific sensors (here sensors for detecting temperature then motion), and the associated reader architecture built as a prototyping platform based on universal software radio peripheral (USRP).
This paper describes an effective method for improving the detection of UHF RFID (Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification) tags in a restricted area. The so-called zoning technique is a ...recurring problem in practical RFID applications: it consists in detecting within an environment with multiple tags that are exclusively present in the zone of interest. The proposed method is based on the concept of Nth harmonic, a new paradigm that involves utilizing the harmonic signals backscattered by tags. Such a method is coupled with a machine learning technique. Experimental results show the importance of harmonic features for better tags zoning. Using a four-layer CNN classifier, we can achieve 99% prediction accuracy by leaving a keep-out distance of 0.5 m between two zones, using the harmonic RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) sum feature, and 94.7% by using the best feature at f0, which is the RSSI max, achieving around 5 times less prediction errors. Furthermore, combining the harmonic and fundamental features leverage the prediction accuracy to 99.8%.
RFID: A key technology for Humanity Duroc, Yvan; Tedjini, Smail
Comptes rendus. Physique,
01/2018, Letnik:
19, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology is a well-known wireless application for traceability, logistics, and access control. It became ubiquitous in industry and our daily life ...(ticketing, payment, passports, car keys, etc.). RFID is nowadays a standardized technology; its inherent advantages, which are unitary, identification, wireless communication, and low cost of tags, provide it with decisive practical benefits that drive new developments in terms of concepts and applications. This trend is largely confirmed by the market forecast, but also by its implementation in the area of health (smart hospital), assistance to persons, anti-counterfeiting, as well as by its perspective in terms of new paradigms for distributed ambient intelligence and the Internet of Things. The first part of this paper briefly reviews the fundamental concepts of the RFID technology, and shows its link with the radio science. A state of the art including the presentation of current performance and developments is also summarized. The second part illustrates the impact of RFID to the service of our society with a focus of applications in the field of autonomy and handicap. Finally, the last part highlights a panorama of perspectives and the future directions of RFID applications dedicated to the service of Humanity.
La RFID (radio par identification) est aujourd'hui une technologie sans fil bien connue pour ses applications en traçabilité, logistique et contrôle d'accès. Elle est devenue omniprésente dans l'industrie et notre vie de tous les jours (tickets de transport, systèmes de paiement, passeports, clés de voiture, etc.). Technologie standardisée, ses avantages inhérents (identification unitaire et télé-alimentation) et le coût modeste des tags lui procurent des avantages pratiques déterminants qui impulsent de nouvelles évolutions, aussi bien applicatives que conceptuelles. Cette tendance est largement démontrée, que ce soit par les projections économiques en termes de croissance et de marchés, son succès déjà actuel dans les secteurs de la santé ( « Intelligent Hospital ») et de l'assistance aux personnes, ses aptitudes dédiées aux applications d'anti-contrefaçons, ou encore ses promesses pour les paradigmes naissant d'intelligence ambiante distribuée et d'Internet des objets. Le premier volet de ce papier rappelle brièvement les fondamentaux conceptuels de la RFID et leur lien avec les radiosciences. L'état de l'art, les performances et les développements actuels sont résumés. Dans un deuxième volet, l'impact de la RFID au service de notre société avec un focus d'applications autour de l'autonomie et du handicap est présenté. Le dernier volet dresse un panorama des perspectives et tendances futures, annonciateurs de l'évolution grandissante des applications visées par la RFID et de la place qu'elle prendra au service de l'humanité.
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