The history of LHCb Belyaev, I.; Carboni, G.; Harnew, N. ...
European physical journal H,
12/2021, Letnik:
46, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this paper, we describe the history of the LHCb experiment over the last three decades, and its remarkable successes and achievements. LHCb was conceived primarily as a
b
-physics experiment, ...dedicated to
CP
violation studies and measurements of very rare
b
decays; however, the tremendous potential for
c
-physics was also clear. At first data taking, the versatility of the experiment as a general-purpose detector in the forward region also became evident, with measurements achievable such as electroweak physics, jets and new particle searches in open states. These were facilitated by the excellent capability of the detector to identify muons and to reconstruct decay vertices close to the primary
pp
interaction region. By the end of the LHC Run 2 in 2018, before the accelerator paused for its second long shut down, LHCb had measured the CKM quark mixing matrix elements and
CP
violation parameters to world-leading precision in the heavy-quark systems. The experiment had also measured many rare decays of
b
and
c
quark mesons and baryons to below their Standard Model expectations, some down to branching ratios of order 10
-
9
. In addition, world knowledge of
b
and
c
spectroscopy had improved significantly through discoveries of many new resonances already anticipated in the quark model, and also adding new exotic four and five quark states. The paper describes the evolution of the LHCb detector, from conception to its operation at the present time. The authors’ subjective summary of the experiment’s important contributions is then presented, demonstrating the wide domain of successful physics measurements that have been achieved over the years.
Tests and Field Map of LHCb Dipole Magnet Losasso, M.; Bersgma, F.; Flegel, W. ...
IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity,
06/2006, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is aimed to study CP violation and to measure the rare decays of B-mesons with exceptionally high precision. A 4 Tm dipole magnet is ...required for particle separation and momentum measurements. The 1600 ton warm magnet with sloping poles was installed and fully commissioned by the end of 2004. It is the first detector magnet of the four LHC experiments to have been aligned and commissioned in its final position. In this paper, the magnet installation in the underground cavern of Point 8 and its alignment on the beam line are shortly reviewed. Results of a first magnetic field mapping in the region of the magnet poles and the fringe field in the location of the RICH detectors are presented. The mechanical equipment used for the automatic displacement of the Hall probe array is described, together with the precision of the measurements obtained which are compared with TOSCA finite element calculations
The history of LHCb Belyaev, I; Carboni, G; Harnew, N ...
arXiv.org,
01/2021
Paper, Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In this paper we describe the history of the LHCb experiment over the last three decades, and its remarkable successes and achievements. LHCb was conceived primarily as a b-physics experiment, ...dedicated to CP violation studies and measurements of very rare b decays, however the tremendous potential for c-physics was also clear. At first data taking, the versatility of the experiment as a general-purpose detector in the forward region also became evident, with measurements achievable such as electroweak physics, jets and new particle searches in open states. These were facilitated by the excellent capability of the detector to identify muons and to reconstruct decay vertices close to the primary pp interaction region. By the end of the LHC Run 2 in 2018, before the accelerator paused for its second long shut down, LHCb had measured the CKM quark mixing matrix elements and CP violation parameters to world-leading precision in the heavy-quark systems. The experiment had also measured many rare decays of b and c quark mesons and baryons to below their Standard Model expectations, some down to branching ratios of order 10-9. In addition, world knowledge of b and c spectroscopy had improved significantly through discoveries of many new resonances already anticipated in the quark model, and also adding new exotic four and five quark states.
A prototype silicon detector for the LHCb experiment has been irradiated non-uniformly with fluences of up to
10
15
p/
cm
2
of 24
GeV protons and tested with LHC speed electronics in a test beam. ...After doses equivalent to one year of operation at the LHC, the detector was operational, and deteriorated after higher doses. The performance of this detector identifies particular risks associated with a p-on-n fine pitch design with a double metal layer.
The current design of the LHCb vertex detector (VELO: VErtex LOcator) is described. The use of the VELO detector in the second level trigger and the radiation environment at the LHC influence the ...choice adopted. A first prototype of the detector has been tested on test beams at CERN, and first preliminary results are presented in this contribution.
This paper is an updated version of the lectures given at the XXIX
International Meeting on Fundamental Physics in Sitges, Barcelona (February
2000). The measurements perforned at LEP and SLC have ...substantially improved
the precision of the test of the Minimal Standard Model. The precision is such
that there is sensitivity to pure weak radiative corrections. This allows to
indirectly determine the top mass (m_t = 180 +- 10GeV), the W-boson mass (M_W =
80.375 +- 0.022GeV), and to set an upper limit on the Higgs boson mass of
196GeV at 95% confidence level.
In this chapter we explore a few examples of physics opportunities using the existing chain of accelerators at CERN, including potential upgrades. In this context the LHC ring is also considered as a ...part of the injector system. The objective is to find examples that constitute sensitive probes of New Physics that ideally cannot be done elsewhere or can be done significantly better at theCERN accelerator complex. Some of these physics opportunities may require a more flexible injector complex with additional functionality than that just needed to inject protons into the FCC-hh at the right energy, intensity and bunch structure. Therefore it is timely to discuss these options concurrently with the conceptual design of the FCC-hh injector system.
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