Abstract This monograph describes the National Cancer Institute’s Dietary Assessment Primer, a web resource developed to help researchers choose the best available dietary assessment approach to ...achieve their research objective. All self-report instruments have error, but understanding the nature of that error can lead to better assessment, analysis, and interpretation of results. The Primer includes profiles of the major self-report dietary assessment instruments, including guidance on the best uses of each instrument; discussion of validation and measurement error generally and with respect to each instrument; guidance for choosing a dietary assessment approach for different research questions; and additional resources, such as a glossary, references, and overviews of specific/important issues in the field. This monograph also describes some future research needs in the field of dietary assessment.
Abstract Background Fruit and vegetable (F/V) intake assessment tools that are valid, reliable, brief, and easy to administer and code are vital to the field of public health nutrition. Objective To ...evaluate three short F/V intake screeners (ie, a 2-item serving tool, a 2-item cup tool, and a 16-item F/V intake screener) among adults using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24-hour recalls) as the reference instrument and evaluate test–retest reliability of the screeners across a 2- to 3-week time period. Design Validity and reliability study. Participants/setting Two hundred forty-four adults for the validity study and 335 adults for test–retest reliability. Statistical analyses performed Median values for F/V intakes were calculated for the screeners and 24-hour recalls. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare screeners with the 24-hour recalls. Deattenuated Pearson correlations were reported for validity and intraclass correlation coefficient used for reliability. Results The estimated median daily servings/cups of F/V for the 2-item serving screener was lower, for the 2-item cup screener was equivalent for men but higher for women, and for the 16-item F/V intake screener were about the same when compared with 24-hour recall values. The deattenuated correlations comparing the 24-hour recalls with the screeners were positive but weak for the 2-item serving screener, and were positive and moderate in strength for the 2-item cup and 16-item F/V intake screeners. The test–retest intraclass correlation coefficients were all positive and fairly strong for all of the screeners. Conclusions Although dietary screeners offer a more cost-effective, less burdensome way to obtain gross estimates to rank individuals with regard to F/V intake, these methods are not recommended for assessing precise intake levels.
Abstract Background National- and state-level self-reported frequency of fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption is available for high school students from the Centers for Disease Control and ...Prevention’s Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). YRBSS monitors priority health-risk behaviors among a nationally representative sample of US high school students and representative samples of students in states and selected large urban school districts. However, YRBSS measures intake in times per day and not the cup equivalents that national goals use, which limits interpretation. Objective To help states track youth progress, scoring algorithms were developed from external data and applied to 2013 YRBSS data to estimate the percentages of high school students in the nation and 33 states meeting the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Patterns F/V intake recommendations. Design Twenty-four–hour dietary recalls were used from the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to fit sex-specific models for 14- to 18-year-olds that estimate probabilities of meeting recommendations as a function of reported frequency of consumption and race/ethnicity, adjusting for day-to-day dietary variation. Model regression parameters were then applied to national cross-sectional YRBSS data (n=12,829) and to data from the 33 states (n=141,006) that had complete F/V data to estimate percentages meeting recommendations. Results Based on the prediction equations, 8.5% of high school students nationwide met fruit recommendations (95% CI 4.9% to 12.1%) and 2.1% met vegetable recommendations (95% CI 0.0% to 8.1%). State estimates ranged from 5.3% in Nebraska and Missouri to 8.9% in Florida for fruit and 1.0% in New Jersey, North Dakota, and South Carolina to 3.3% in New Mexico for vegetables. Conclusions This method provides a new tool for states to track youth progress toward meeting dietary recommendations and indicates that a high percentage of youth in all states examined have low intakes of F/V.
Abstract Background Reducing added sugars intake is one of the Healthy People 2020 objectives. High added sugars intake may be associated with adverse health consequences. Objective This ...cross-sectional study identified sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics associated with added sugars intake among US adults (18 years and older) using the 2010 National Health Interview Survey data (n=24,967). Methods The outcome variable was added sugars intake from foods and beverages using scoring algorithms to convert dietary screener frequency responses on nine items to estimates of individual dietary intake of added sugars in teaspoons per day. Added sugars intake was categorized into tertiles (lowest, middle, highest) stratified by sex. The explanatory variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios for the highest and middle tertile added sugars intake groups as compared with the lowest tertile group. Results Estimated median added sugars intake was 17.6 tsp/d for men and 11.7 tsp/d for women. For men and women, those who had significantly greater odds for being in the highest tertile of added sugars intake (men: ≥22.0 tsp/d; women: ≥14.6 tsp/d) were younger, less educated, had lower income, were less physically active, were current smokers, and were former or current infrequent/light drinkers, whereas non-Hispanic other/multiracial and those living in the West had significantly lower odds for being in the highest tertile of added sugars intake. Different patterns were found by sex. Non-Hispanic black men had lower odds for being in the highest tertile of added sugars intake, whereas non-Hispanic black women had greater odds for being in the highest tertile. Conclusions One in three men consumed ≥22.0 tsp added sugars and one in three women consumed ≥14.6 tsp added sugars daily. Higher added sugars intake was associated with various sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics; this information can inform efforts to design programs and policies specific to high-intake populations.
Abstract Objective We examined the feasibility of conducting a longitudinal study of diet among diverse populations by comparing rates of response throughout recruitment and retention phases by ...demographic and other characteristics. Methods Using quota sampling, participants were recruited from 3 geographically and demographically diverse integrated health systems in the United States. Overall, 12,860 adults, ages 20–70, were invited to participate via mail. Participation first required accessing the study's website and later meeting eligibility criteria via telephone interview. Enrollees were asked to provide two 24-h dietary recalls, either interviewer-administered or self-administered on the web, over 6 weeks. Stepped monetary incentives were provided. Results Rates for accessing the study website ranged from 6% to 23% (9% overall) across sites. Site differences may reflect differences in recruitment strategy or target samples. Of those accessing the website, enrollment was high (≥87%). Of the 1185 enrollees, 42% were non-Hispanic white, 34% were non-Hispanic black, and 24% were Hispanic. Men and minorities had lower enrollment rates than women and non-Hispanic whites, partially due to less successful telephone contact for eligibility screening. Once enrolled, 90% provided 1 recall and 80% provided both. Women had higher retention rates than men, as did older compared to younger participants. Retention rates were similar across race/ethnicity groups. Conclusions While study recruitment remains challenging, once recruited most participants, regardless of race/ethnicity, completed two 24-h dietary recalls, both interviewer-administered and self-administered on the web. This study demonstrates the feasibility of collecting multiple 24-h recalls including less expensive automated self-administered recalls among diverse populations.
Abstract Characterizing relationships between diet, body weight, and health is complicated by reporting errors in dietary intake data that are associated with body weight. The objectives of this ...study were to assess changes in reporting across days (reactivity) on food checklists and associations between reactivity and body mass index (BMI) using data from two cross-sectional studies: (a) the Recontacting Participants in the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition study (n=297), which was conducted in 2003-2004 and included a 7-day checklist and a 4-day food record, and (b) the America's Menu Daily Food Report Study (n=530), which was conducted in 1996 and included a 30-day checklist. Zero-inflated Poisson regression was used to assess effects of reporting day on frequency of consumption for the checklists and number of items reported for the food record. Interactions between day and BMI were tested using contrast statements. Frequency of reported consumption decreased across days among males and females for total items and many of the eight food groups on the 7-day checklist; among females, the effect of reporting day differed by BMI category for the meat, fish, and poultry group. Smaller declines across days were observed for some of the 22 food groups on the 30-day checklist; no interactions with BMI were apparent. No reporting day effects were observed in the food record data. The results suggest inconsistent reactivity across days, possibly reflecting changes in reporting or consumption behavior. However, the effects are generally small and independent of body weight, suggesting that checklists are potentially useful for the study of body weight and diet.
Need for Technological Innovation in Dietary Assessment Thompson, Frances E., PhD, MPH; Subar, Amy F., PhD, MPH, RD; Loria, Catherine M., PhD ...
Journal of the American Dietetic Association,
2010, 2010-Jan, 2010-01-00, 20100101, Letnik:
110, Številka:
1
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In 2007, the National Institutes of Health developed the Genes, Environment, and Health Initiative (GEI) to promote research to better understand the genetic and environmental contributions to health ...and disease. GEI funded technology-driven methodology to improve measures of diet, physical activity, chemical exposures, psychosocial measures, and biological response indicators for use in future large-scale population studies. Similarly, since 2004, the National Cancer Institute has internally funded the development of another technology advance in dietary assessment: an automated, self-administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA). Here, Thompson et al briefly review issues related to the uses of technology in dietary assessment as a backdrop for advances in the field.
The Healthy Communities Study Nutrition Assessments Ritchie, Lorrene D., PhD, RD; Wakimoto, Patricia, DrPH, RD; Woodward-Lopez, Gail, MPH, RD ...
American journal of preventive medicine,
October 2015, Letnik:
49, Številka:
4
Journal Article
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Multifaceted community interventions directed at improving food environments are emerging, but their impact on dietary change and obesity prevalence has not been adequately documented. The Healthy ...Communities Study (HCS) is seeking to identify characteristics and combinations of programs and policies that are associated with children’s diets and obesity-related outcomes in various types of communities across the U.S. The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods used in 2013–2015 in the HCS to assess dietary intake, school nutrition environments, and other nutrition-related behaviors. The conceptual framework of the HCS is based on the socioecological model and behaviors shown in previous studies to be related to obesity in children guided selection of domains. Nine domains were identified as essential measures of nutrition in the HCS: (1) intake of selected foods and beverages; (2) food patterns and behaviors; (3) social support; (4) home environment; (5) school environment; (6) community environment; (7) breastfeeding history; (8) household food insecurity; and (9) dieting behaviors and body image. Children’s dietary intake was assessed using a dietary screener and up to two automated 24-hour recalls. Dietary-related behaviors were assessed by a survey administered to the parent, child, or both, depending on child age. School nutrition measures were obtained from a combination of school staff surveys and researcher observations. Information from these measures is expected to contribute to a better understanding of “what is working” to improve the dietary behaviors that are likely to prevent obesity and improve health in children.
Dietary Assessment in Food Environment Research Kirkpatrick, Sharon I., PhD; Reedy, Jill, PhD; Butler, Eboneé N., MPH ...
American journal of preventive medicine,
2014, January 2014, 2014-1-00, Letnik:
46, Številka:
1
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Context The existing evidence on food environments and diet is inconsistent, potentially because of heterogeneity in measures used to assess diet. The objective of this review, conducted in ...2012–2013, was to examine measures of dietary intake utilized in food environment research. Evidence acquisition Included studies were published from January 2007 through June 2012 and assessed relationships between at least one food environment exposure and at least one dietary outcome. Fifty-one articles were identified using PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge, and PsycINFO; references listed in the papers reviewed and relevant review articles; and the National Cancer Institute’s Measures of the Food Environment website. The frequency of the use of dietary intake measures and assessment of specific dietary outcomes were examined, as were patterns of results among studies using different dietary measures. Evidence synthesis The majority of studies used brief instruments, such as screeners or one or two questions, to assess intake. Food frequency questionnaires were used in about a quarter of studies, one in ten used 24-hour recalls, and fewer than one in 20 used diaries. Little consideration of dietary measurement error was evident. Associations between the food environment and diet were more consistently in the expected direction in studies using less error-prone measures. Conclusions There is a tendency toward the use of brief dietary assessment instruments with low cost and burden rather than more detailed instruments that capture intake with less bias. Use of error-prone dietary measures may lead to spurious findings and reduced power to detect associations.
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