U Kliničkoj bolnici Dubrava u Zagrebu prvi je put u Hrvatskoj ugrađen novi sustav za krvožilni pristup kod bolesnika koji se liječi kroničnom hemodijalizom. Radi se o kombinaciji centralnoga venskog ...katetera i grafta engleskog naziva Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) device, skraćenog naziva HeRO-graft. Glavna je indikacija za primjenu ovoga krvožilnog pristupa okluzija ili značajna stenoza centralnih vena. Iz literature se doznaje da ovaj krvožilni pristup ima značajne prednosti u odnosu na tunelirani centralni venski kateter koji bi trebao biti zadnja opcija kod bolesnika koji zahtijevaju trajno nadomještanje izgubljene bubrežne funkcije. Za razliku od tuneliranih
katetera ovaj je sustav u potpunosti smješten potkožno, što ga čini otpornijim na infekcije. Do sada su u Kliničkoj bolnici Dubrava ugrađena dva HeRO-grafta za hemodijalizu i prema prvim iskustvima potrebna je detaljna obrada kandidata za ovu proceduru. Potrebno je dobro poznavati indikacije i kontraindikacije te je nužna suradnja više timova: nefrološkog, anesteziološkog, radiološkog i kirurškog. Osobito je potrebno obratiti pažnju na stanje arterijske cirkulacije okrajine koja se koristi za ovaj krvožilni pristup kako bi se izbjegle moguće ishemijske komplikacije. Kod obaju naših bolesnika postupak ugradnje protekao je uredno te smo započeli s korištenjem HeRO-grafta za potrebe hemodijalize.
- Palmaris longus is a very variable muscle in the human body, but it is often used as an applicable tendon graft. We report on differences between one pair of identical twins regarding the existence ...of the palmaris longus, which were detected accidentally during examination of the presence/absence of this muscle in Caucasian population. In one of the twins, the palmaris longus was present at both forearms, while the other twin was lacking this muscle at both forearms. On search of the available literature, we found no articles about distinctions in the presence or absence of the palmaris longus in twins.
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligands/RAGE interactions have been proposed to have a pathogenic role in neuroinflammatory disorders. Our study aimed to assess changes in ...high-mobility group box (HMGB)1 and its receptor RAGE in peripheral blood (PBL) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the disease onset compared with control subjects.
PBL and CSF were collected from control subjects (n = 30) and MS patients (n = 27) at clinical onset. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE), HMGB1, S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12), interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in the CSF and plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expression in PBL mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by quantitative PCR for RAGE, HMGB1, S100A12 and several proinflammatory/immunoregulatory cytokines.
We found a significantly lower expression of IL-10 (p = 0.031) in the PBMCs of MS patients. The level of sRAGE in the CSF of MS patients was lower (p = 0.021), with the ability to discriminate between MS patients and control subjects. Moreover, PBMC gene expression for HMGB1 and S100A12 positively correlated with IL-6.
Our study confirmed that the cytokine network is disturbed in PBL and CSF at MS clinical onset. The deregulated HMGB1/RAGE axis found in our study may present an early pathogenic event in MS, proposing sRAGE as a possible novel therapeutic strategy for MS treatment.
The aim of the study was to analyze possible human skeletal remains within the wrappings of a mummy from the Archaeological Museum, Zagreb, Croatia through the use of the multidetector CT (MDCT) ...technology. Plain X-ray films and MDCT images of the mummy were taken in both frontal and lateral views. In a single volumetric acquisition of the whole body by MDCT 0.75 mm axial slices were obtained and combined with sagittal and coronal reformatting and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Sex and age was assessed visually using standard anthropological methods. The results suggest that the mummy was of an adult female, most likely over 40 years of age at death. Pathologies observed included degenerative changes on the vertebral column and healed fractures of the lower right arm. Damage of the ethmoid bone at the roof of the nasal cavity was most likely caused by mortuary brain removal practice. Remnants of a resin and an unusual object were found inside the cranial cavity. An elongated metal object and additional three metal "belts" can be seen on the lower portion of the body. All internal organs were removed and thoracic and abdominal cavities were filled with various substances, most likely mud and pieces of linen cloth. Our results show that the MDCT is a very useful technique for assessing the human remains in archeological samples, especially in comparison to the use of plain film (X-ray), where important details are obscured and 3D imaging impossible.
Dugi dlanski mišić je jedan od najvarijabilnijih mišića u tijelu, a često se koristi kao tetivni graft. Opisali smo razlike između jednog para jednojajčanih blizankinja u postojanju dugog dlanskog ...mišića, koje su slučajno identificirane tijekom ispitivanja prisustva/odsustva ovoga mišića u općoj populaciji. Kod jedne blizankinje dugi dlanski mišić je bio prisutan na obje podlaktice, dok je druga blizankinja bila bez ovoga mišića na objema podlakticama. Pretraživanjem dostupne literature nismo pronašli nijedan objavljen rad o razlikama u prisustvu ili odsustvu dugog dlanskog mišića kod blizanaca.
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