This paper presents the results of an evaluation of two solar-assisted refrigeration systems in protecting permafrost foundations in railway and roadway engineering. A technical comparison was ...conducted between two types of traditional permafrost cooling measures and refrigeration systems: vapor compression and heat-driven adsorption. The investigated refrigeration systems have better real-time performance and effectiveness than traditional passive heat regulation measures. Moreover, the permafrost regions in China have good potential for solar energy, addressing the issue of decentralized power supply for refrigeration. Two special permafrost cooling systems were designed, manufactured, and tested; the solar photovoltaic vapor compression refrigeration system (SPV-VCRS) and the solar photothermal adsorption refrigeration system (SPT-ARS). The SPV-VCRS prototype exhibits greater potential for permafrost protection, with a consecutive average temperature of −23.55 °C and a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.41 in the warm season. The SPT-ARS prototype is characterized by an intermittent refrigeration temperature of −1.83 °C and a significantly lower COP of 0.054 per day. Based on the results, suggestions have been given for the selection of solar refrigeration systems for application in the protection of the permafrost under embankments.
MAVS is essential for antiviral immunity, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for its tight regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that NLK inhibits the antiviral immune response ...during viral infection by targeting MAVS for degradation. NLK depletion promotes virus-induced antiviral cytokine production and decreases viral replication, which is potently rescued by the reintroduction of NLK. Moreover, the depletion of NLK promotes antiviral effects and increases the survival times of mice after infection with VSV. NLK interacts with and phosphorylates MAVS at multiple sites on mitochondria or peroxisomes, thereby inducing the degradation of MAVS and subsequent inactivation of IRF3. Most importantly, a peptide derived from MAVS promotes viral-induced IFN-β production and antagonizes viral replication in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide direct insights into the molecular mechanisms by which phosphorylation of MAVS regulates its degradation and influences its activation and identify an important peptide target for propagating antiviral responses.
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is an important member of the class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, which is involved in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes. In ...recent years, increasing evidence have demonstrated that the activation and mutation of FLT3 is closely implicated in the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The exploration of small-molecule inhibitors targeting FLT3 has aroused wide interest of pharmaceutical chemists and is expected to bring new hope for AML therapy. In this review, we specifically highlighted FLT3 mediated JAK/STAT, RAS/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. The structural properties and biological activities of representative FLT3 inhibitors reported from 2014 to the present were also summarized. In addition, the major challenges in the current advance of novel FLT3 inhibitors were further analyzed, with the aim to guide future drug discovery.
•Aiming for multiphase batch processes with different sampling frequencies, two types of process variables are summarized and the multiphase-based cumulative quality model is developed. It provides ...useful insights for the quality prediction of industrial batch process.•Aiming for the complex association relationships between multiple process variables and multiple quality indicators, information theory with copula entropy is employed to measure the variable relations for critical variables selection.•A stacking multiway random forest algorithm is proposed to develop the prediction relationship between phase-specific critical process variables and multiple quality indicators.•Experiments on a real-world industrial dataset have demonstrated that the proposed method not only has better accuracy but also has stronger robustness than previous baseline methods.
As one of the most important modes of industrial production, the batch process often involves complex and continuous physicochemical reactions, making it challenging to produce identical products between different batch runs even under the same working condition. Optimization and parameter adjustments depend mainly on a good quality prediction model. However, this industrial process has “3M” characteristics of multiple process variables, multiple production phases, and multiple quality indicators, which bring considerable challenges to the accuracy and robustness of the model. This study proposes a multiphase information fusion strategy for data-driven quality prediction of industrial batch processes. Firstly, aiming for real-world industrial datasets with different sampling frequencies, two types of state variables are summarized, and the multiphase-based cumulative quality model is developed. Secondly, information theory with copula entropy is employed to characterize the association relationships between each state variable and the set of multiple quality indicators; thus, phase-specific critical variables are selected by ranking copula entropy. Lastly, a stacking multiway random forest algorithm is proposed to develop the prediction relationship between phase-specific critical variables and multiple quality indicators. Experiments on a real-world industrial dataset have demonstrated that the proposed method has better accuracy and stronger robustness than previous baseline methods.
The present paper examined the thermo-oxidative aging (TOA) mechanism of the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber polymer composites (CF-PMCs) and the role of reinforced structure on the thermal ...conductivity of CF-PMCs under TOA conditions. The three dimensional and four directional braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites (BC), the laminated plain woven fabric/epoxy composites (LC), and the neat resins (NR) were investigated for up to 1200 h at 140 °C in air. The process resulted in progressive deterioration of the matrix rein and fiber/matrix interfaces, in the form of chain scissions, oxidization of carbon elements, weight loss, and cracks, which significantly led to the decrease of the thermal conductivity of the NR, LC, and BC. The ratio of fiber end area to the total surface area in a sample determined the rate of weight loss and the changes in thermal conductivity. The LC samples had 1.2 times higher ratio of fiber end area to the total surface area, and their loss in thermal conductivity and weight were significantly higher than that of BC samples at the same aging conditions. Besides, the thermal conductivity of CF-PMCs was highly negatively correlated with the weight loss under TOA conditions.
Cement-stabilized macadam (CSM) subgrade is widely used in high-speed railway (HSR) in cold regions owing to its good anti-frost heaving performance. However, the CSM subgrade still encounters some ...problems such as strength reduction, fractures, and soil-particle pulverization. Hence, this study focuses on the experimental study of compaction indexes and strength properties of CSM subgrade. Results show that admixture of cement significantly improves the compaction performance of graded macadam. The compaction quality indexes of CSM subgrade are 2–3 times higher than those of graded macadam subgrade. Under the effect of intense freezing and thawing, the unconfined compressive strength and flexural strength of CSM decrease rapidly; then, the decay rate declines and levels off gradually after 30 freeze–thaw cycles. The Morgan–Mercer–Flodin growth model and a hyperbolic model were employed to describe the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on measured strength. The flexural-compressive strength ratio was introduced to evaluate the flexibility of CSM. Under intensely freezing and thawing, the brittleness increases and the flexibility decreases. Finally, we proposed 5% cement content for HSR subgrade in cold regions taking multiple requirements into consideration.
•Cement content and grain-size composition have great influence on CSM subgrade•The number of long-term freeze-thaw cycles investigated was up to 50.•Two models were employed to describe the long-term freeze-thaw durability of CSM
Oxidative stress has been considered as one of pathogenesis of brain damage led by epilepsy. Reducing oxidative stress can ameliorate brain damage during seizures. However, expression levels of ...important antioxidative enzymes such as thioredoxin-1 (TRX1), thioredoxin-like 1 protein (TXNL1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) during seizures have not been investigated. In this study, we examined protein and mRNA expression levels of TRX1, TXNL1 and TXNRD1 in different brain regions in PTZ induced seizure model mice. We found that protein expression levels of TRX1, TXNL1 and TXNRD1 are simultaneously up-regulated by 2- or 3-fold in the cortex of both acute and chronic seizure model mice. But there is no unified expression pattern change of these enzymes in the hippocampus, cerebellum and diencephalon in the seizure model mice. Less extent up-regulation of mRNA expression of these enzymes were also observed in the cortex of seizure mice. These data suggest that antioxidative enzymes may provide a protective effect against oxidative stress in the cortex during seizures.
Mesoporous carbon nanospheres containing porphyrin‐like metal centers (denoted as “PMCS”) are successfully synthesized by the pyrolysis of an imidazolate framework using a mesoporous‐silica ...protection strategy. The PMCS allow infrared and photoacoustic imaging and synergetic photothermal therapy/photodynamic therapy derived from the porphyrin‐like moieties, offering the possibility of real‐time monitoring of therapeutic processes and image‐guided precise conformal phototherapy. PMCS thus represent a novel multifunctional theranostic platform for improved treatment efficiencies.
All Dense-phase Fluidized Bed Gasification Process Ma Run-tian; Liang Guo-dong; Yuan Zhi-jun ...
Proceedings of the 25th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,
1990, Letnik:
5
Conference Proceeding
The paper reports the necessity of developing the all dense-phase fluidized bed (ADFB) gasification process in China, its process system, advantages of the ADFB process and results of the property ...test of the system, and the development of the ADFB in the future.
Silicon monoxide (SiO) is considered as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its higher capacity and longer cycle life than those of graphite and silicon, respectively. ...In this study, glucose was developed as a suitable and inexpensive carbon source to synthesize SiO/C composite with a high performance. In addition, the effects of the calcination temperature and the amount of carbon source on the electrochemical performance of the SiO/C composite were investigated. The addition of 5 wt% glucose and a calcination temperature of 800 °C demonstrated the optimum conditions for SiO/C synthesis. The resultant SiO/C showed an initial charge capacity of 1259 mAh·g
−1
and a high initial coulombic efficiency of 71.9%. A charge capacity of 850 mAh·g
−1
after 100 cycles at 200 mA·g
−1
was achieved, demonstrating the best value of the SiO/C-based materials. The composition changes of SiO under the calcination temperature played a significant role in the electrochemical performance. Overall, the obtained SiO/C material with a high capacity and good stability is suitable for LIB applications as an anode material.
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