A highly pathogenic pig disease emerged in China in 2006, which was characterized by prolonged high fever, red discoloration of the body, and blue ears associated with high mortality. Porcine ...reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was isolated as the single most prominent virus in the samples collected from affected pigs. The full-length genomic sequence of the virus revealed two distinct deletions in the non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) in comparison to all previously reported North American genotype PRRSV. Through extensive surveys in 14 different provinces, 56 additional PRRSV isolates were obtained from affected farms. All of the isolates were found to contain identical deletions in NSP2. To confirm the etiology, eight 60-day-old PRRSV-free pigs were divided into two groups and the test group was intranasally infected at a titer of 2 x 10⁵.⁰ tissue culture infectious dose 50 per pig. The inoculated pigs all died at 7, 8, 12, 16, or 21 days post-inoculation with their clinical and pathological findings similar to those in the field. The viruses recovered from dead pigs were identical to the inoculated virus in NSP2 and GP5 genes. Our study shows that the recently emerged PRRSV in China is characterized by two discontiguous deletions in NSP2 and is the cause for the current epizootics in China.
A new alpha-emitting isotope U-214, produced by the fusion-evaporation reaction W-182(Ar-36,4n) U-214, was identified by employing the gas-filled recoil separator SHANS and the recoil-a correlation ...technique. More precise a-decay properties of even-even nuclei U-216,U-218 were also measured in the reactions of Ar-40, Ca-40 beams with W-180,W-182,W- 184 targets. By combining the experimental data, improved alpha-decay reduced widths delta(2) for the even-even Po-Pu nuclei in the vicinity of the magic neutron number N = 126 are deduced. Their systematic trends are discussed in terms of the N-p N-n scheme in order to study the influence of protonneutron interaction on a decay in this region of nuclei. It is strikingly found that the reduced widths of( 214,216)U are significantly enhanced by a factor of two as compared with the NpNn systematics for the 84 <= Z <= 90 and N < 126 even-even nuclei. The abnormal enhancement is interpreted by the strong monopole interaction between the valence protons and neutrons occupying the pi 1f (7/2) and nu 1f(5/2) spin-orbit partner orbits, which is supported by the large-scale shell model calculation.
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved survival in patients with resectable gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas (G‐NECs) or mixed ...adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (G‐MANECs).
Methods
The study included patients with G‐NECs or G‐MANECs who underwent surgery in one of 21 centres in China between 2004 and 2016. Propensity score matching analysis was used to reduce selection bias, and overall survival (OS) in different treatment groups was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
In total, 804 patients with resectable G‐NECs or G‐MANECs were included, of whom 490 (60·9 per cent) received adjuvant chemotherapy. After propensity score matching, OS in the chemotherapy group was similar to that in the no‐chemotherapy group. Among patients with G‐NECs, survival in the fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based chemotherapy group and the non‐5‐FU‐based chemotherapy group was similar to that in the no‐chemotherapy group. Similarly, etoposide plus cisplatin or irinotecan plus cisplatin was not associated with better OS in patients with G‐NECs. Among patients with G‐MANECs, OS in the non‐5‐FU‐based chemotherapy group was worse than that in the no‐chemotherapy group. Patients with G‐MANECs did not have better OS when platinum‐based chemotherapy was
used.
Conclusion
There was no survival benefit in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy for G‐NECs or G‐MANECs.
Antecedentes
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si la quimioterapia adyuvante mejoraba la supervivencia en pacientes con carcinomas gástricos resecables neuroendocrinos (gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas, G‐NECs) y carcinomas adenoneuroendocrinos mixtos (mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas, G‐MANECs).
Métodos
Se incluyeron pacientes con G‐NECs y G‐MANECs tratados quirúrgicamente en 21 centros en China entre 2004 y 2016. Se utilizó un análisis de emparejamiento por puntaje de propensión para reducir el sesgo de selección y el método de Kaplan‐Meier para estimar la supervivencia global (overall survival, OS) de los pacientes en los diferentes grupos de tratamiento.
Resultados
En total, se incluyeron en el estudio 804 pacientes con G‐NECs y G‐MANECs resecables y 490 pacientes (60,9%) recibieron quimioterapia adyuvante. Después del emparejamiento por puntaje de propensión, la OS del grupo con quimioterapia fue similar a la del grupo sin quimioterapia. En los pacientes con G‐NECs, la supervivencia en los grupos con quimioterapia basada en 5‐FU (fluorouracilo) y de quimioterapia sin 5‐FU fue similar a la del grupo sin quimioterapia. Asimismo, la combinación de etopósido y cisplatino o de irinotecán y cisplatino no se asoció con una mejor OS en pacientes con G‐NECs. En pacientes con G‐MANECs, la OS del grupo con quimioterapia sin 5‐FU fue peor que la del grupo sin quimioterapia. Los pacientes con G‐MANECs no presentaron una mejor OS cuando se administró quimioterapia basada en platinos.
Conclusión
La administración de quimioterapia adyuvante en pacientes con G‐NECs y G‐MANECs no mejoró la supervivencia.
This multicentre study enrolled 804 patients with resectable gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas and gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas. In propensity score matching analysis, there were no associations between the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and improved overall survival. Similar results were obtained in stratified analysis according to different chemotherapy regimens.
No benefit
Industrial Blockchain: A state-of-the-art Survey Li, Z.; Zhong, Ray Y.; Tian, Z.G. ...
Robotics and computer-integrated manufacturing,
August 2021, 2021-08-00, 20210801, Letnik:
70
Journal Article
Recenzirano
As an underlying and backbone technology of Bitcoin, Blockchain attracted extensive attention worldwide in recent years due to its unique characteristics of decentralization, openness, immutability, ...anonymity, etc., which enables it to build a trust basis through recording the point-to-point decentralized transactions in an immutable way via the attached timestamp, thereby improving system efficiency and reducing the cost without relying on the central agent. As it is considered to be a potentially revolutionary technology, Blockchain has been introduced into various industrial fields including finance, supply chain, manufacturing, healthcare, energy, and smart city. In this paper, we conduct a state-of-the-art survey of industrial Blockchain in terms of published articles between 2017 and 2020, and worldwide Blockchain movement including North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region so far. We conduct a statistic analysis of the collected articles in terms of three dimensions, which are year of publication, leading research institutes and researchers, and article classification to present a multi-dimensional trend or conclusion. Besides, we analyse articles that are cited over a certain number of times in detail to investigate the hot research directions. Finally, the challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives are discussed to summarize the main obstacles of industrial Blockchain and identify the open research questions in the near future.
A carbide-free bainite steel of 0.29C–2.50Si-1.50Mn-1.0Mo-0.97Cr (wt.%) with no voids and cracks was fabricated via laser powder deposition (LPD). Different post-treatment plans were conducted and ...then microstructures and properties of the steel were studied through optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hardness meter and tensile test machines. Obtained results show that the microstructure of the deposited specimen consisted of granular pearlite and retained austenite (RA). The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation were 662 ± 71 MPa, 1051 ± 65 MPa and 13.03 ± 1.33 %, respectively. After austempering at 578 K, the microstructure of the specimen changed to bainite ferrite (BF) and RA. Moreover, it was found that the yield strength and tensile strength significantly increased to 1156 ± 60 MPa and 1289 ± 110 MPa, respectively. However, it had poor strain hardening capacity and elongation remained unchanged. After hot rolling and austempering, the RA content of the specimen significantly increased and the strain hardening capacity improved. However, when the isothermal temperature was less than the Ms temperature (i.e. 553 K), the corresponding microstructure consisted of martensite, BF and 13.6 vol% of RA. In this case, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation were 895 ± 74 MPa, 1157 ± 92 MPa and 14.59 ± 1.13 %, respectively, indicating slight improvement. Meanwhile, it was found that when the isothermal temperature exceeded Ms temperature, the mechanical properties improved significantly. The present study demonstrated that specimens with an isothermal temperature of 578 K had the best mechanical properties. In particular, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the optimized alloy were 1177 ± 44 MPa, 1398 ± 57 MPa and 19.80 ± 0.79 %, respectively.
Protected tomato cultivation is often subjected to low temperature stress in early spring season in north China. While low soil temperature returns slowly then low air temperature and causes damage ...to development of tomatoes, thereby reducing the growth of tomatoes, which seriously reduces the yield and quality of tomatoes. This study aimed to explore the effect of low root-zone temperature (LRT, i.e., 7 and 13℃) on the photosynthesis, root architecture, mineral use efficiency and aquaporins genes of tomato. Our findings indicated that LRT decreased the photosynthetic capacity accompanying with the reduction of CO2 assimilation. Meanwhile, a decrease in stomatal density and size occurred under low root-zone temperature. Stomatal conductance tended to reduce, which was unbeneficial to the diffusion of carbon dioxide and thus decreased photosynthesis. And there have the highest enzyme activity, and sucrose content compared to control. Root traits were remarkably affected by environment temperature. LRT delay root development processes and reduce the number and diameters of ducts in root and stem, thereby limiting mineral absorption and transport. Moreover, Under low root-zone temperature, the genes related to the aquaporin and element transport all showed varying degrees of response. Collectively, these results indicate that LRT may reduces the normal physiological activity of shoots by inhibiting the water transport, which inhibits the growth of tomato seedlings. Our research can provide detailed data to clarify the response characteristics of tomato to low root-zone temperature, and provide reference for low root-zone temperature response of tomato in practice.
The current product design not only takes into account the function and reliability, but also concerns about the affective aspects in order to meet the consumers' emotional needs. However, there is ...always a gap between affective intentions of manufacturers and affective responses of consumers. Traditional methods rely on manual surveys to understand the gap, which is costly, time-consuming and in a small scale. In this paper, we propose a text mining method to extract affective intentions and affective responses from the online product description and consumer reviews. We build an affective profile for each product to visualise the gap between affective responses and affective intentions of the product. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a case study is conducted based on the public data from Amazon.com. We construct affective profiles for selected products and analyze affective gaps. We also evaluate the usefulness of the extracted affective information in product recommendations. The results showed that the gap between consumer's affective responses and manufacturer's affective intentions can be identified and visualised, which may help manufacturers to improve their products and services. Affective information is also useful for product recommendations.
•Active method by external magnetic field is proposed to improve solar pond stability.•Improvement of heat storage capacity and stability is analyzed quantitatively.•Magnetic field effectively ...represses interface erosion in solar pond.•Nondimensionalized magnetic field effect on solar pond performance is discussed.
A solar pond is a simple and reliable system that collects and stores solar energy for applications with low-grade heat supply. The main obstacle to the long-term stable operation of a solar pond is interface erosion induced by double-diffusive convection. In this study, an active method of using an external magnetic field is proposed to repress the intense convection region and improve its corresponding operating stability. A two-dimensional transient model is developed and solved using the lattice Boltzmann method with multiple-relaxation-time collisions. The double-diffusive convection, variation of solar energy absorption to depth, and changes in solution electrical conductivity are considered in the model. The fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer characteristics were investigated under continuous high illumination with or without an external magnetic field. When magnetic control is exerted on a solar pond, the decrease in the nonconvective zone thickness caused by interface erosion changes from 14.75% to 0. The state of the solar pond is transformed from a thermally unstable state to a theoretically stable state after 35 h of continuous high illumination. Further, the external magnetic field can delay concentration homogenization and improve the heat storage performance of a lower convective zone. A Hartmann number above 56.67 is recommended to enhance the stability of the solar pond. This research sheds new light on methods to improve the long-term stability of solar ponds.
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