The article discusses the issue of the heat transfer in amorphous materials with an expressed crystal structure in detail. Based on the accumulated amount of experimental data on the processes of ...heat transfer in materials, the authors analysed the thermophysical mechanisms of heat transfer in non-ferrous metal alloys: aluminium alloys (AD-1; D 16, etc.), Constantan copper alloy and titanium alloys. The temperature dependences of the thermal conductivity of materials, in which heat transfer is determined by conduction electrons, are shown graphically.
Plasma membrane proteins with extracellular-exposed domains are responsible for transduction of extracellular signals into intracellular responses, and their accessibility to therapeutic molecules ...makes them attractive targets for drug development. In this work, using omics technologies and immunochemical methods, we have studied changes in the content of markers of clusters of differentiation (CD markers) of neutrophils (CD33, CD97, CD54, CD38, CD18, CD11b, CD44, and CD71) at the level of transcripts and proteins in NB4, HL-60 and K562 cell lines, induced by the treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Transcriptomic analysis revealed the induction of CD38, CD54, CD11b, and CD18 markers as early as 3 h after the addition of the inducer in the ATRA-responsive cell lines HL-60 and NB4. After 24 h, a line-specific expression pattern of CD markers could be observed in all cell lines. Studies of changes in the content of CD antigens by means of flow cytometry and targeted mass spectrometry (MS) gave similar results. The proteomic profile of the surface markers (CD38, CD54, CD11b, and CD18), characteristic of the NB4 and HL-60 lines, reflects different molecular pathways for the implementation of ATRA-induced differentiation of leukemic cells into mature neutrophils.
Use of formylindolylacetic acid as a reagent at the stage of preparing the glycosides of bis(indolyl)furan-2,5-diones and dioxane as solvent increased yields from 5 – 10% to 60 – 63%, decreased the ...duration of the reaction from 6 h to 2 h, and significantly simplified extraction of products adequate for use at the next stage of photochemical oxidation to furancarbazole derivatives. New data are presented on the cytotoxic activity of the indocarbazole N-glycosides synthesized here, covering a wide range of cell structures and giving a more complete view of the antiproliferative properties of the compounds synthesized.
During determination of the thiocyanate dehydrogenase (TcDH) structure difficulties have occurred, related to the fact that enzyme crystals have been either twinned or strongly anisotropic. The ...diffraction quality of crystals can be improved by using mutant forms as objects of a study or by studying the structure of a related enzyme from another organism. Based on the analysis of the oligomeric structure of TcDH, the mutant forms of the enzyme that are promising for improving the diffraction properties have been proposed. The crystals have been obtained and the structures of the TcDH mutant forms with the substitutions T169A and K281A have been solved. The structure of the mutant form with the substitution T169A is found to be similar to the previously solved structures. In the structure of the mutant form with the substitution K281A, a change in the tetramer structure that made twinning impossible has been detected.
The essence of the study is to analyse thermophysical properties of cooling elements of electronic equipment. For optimal selection of structural materials and effective cooling of working surfaces, ...authors carried out numerical studies of the elements based on cadmium selenide, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, etc.
The purpose of this paper is to study the process of thermal energy transfer in materials with pronounced crystalline structure and to analyze thermophysical heat transfer mechanisms in Al2O3, SiO2 ...oxides (fused quartz, quartz glass). The dependence of thermal conductivity versus temperature for materials in which heat transfer is determined by conduction electrons is graphically shown.
Lake Baikal is facing several environmental stressors, including climate change and nearshore eutrophication. To assess recent ecological changes in Lake Baikal and provide a baseline for future ...comparisons, we sampled spring plankton communities from the pelagic zone of the lake in 2016 and compared these data with unpublished and published historical information going back to 1990. In 2016, one pelagic long-term monitoring station was sampled in early spring (March) during ice cover and 21 long-term monitoring stations located throughout the lake were sampled in late spring (May-June). We measured water chemistry parameters at most stations and the abundance, taxonomic composition and biomass of bacteria, ciliates and phytoplankton at several locations in different areas of the lake. Biotic parameters from 2016 were compared with historical data, showing significant changes in the spring pelagic microbial community since the 1990s. We show increased quantities of small species, mixotrophic ciliates, and the appearance (or increasing number) of small coloured and colourless flagellates. We also show substantially decreased densities of formerly dominant heavily silicified diatoms such as Aulacoseira spp. Since 2007, Synedra acus subsp. radians, a smaller and weakly silicified diatom, has dominated the spring plankton of the lake. These results suggest that Lake Baikal’s pelagic plankton community may be changing, with climate likely playing a dominant role in these changes.
Reactions of indolo2,3-
a
furano3,4-
c
carbazole-5,7-diones with hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and formyl hydrazine produced the corresponding
N
-6-substituted ...indolopyrrolocarbazole glycosides with the carbohydrate residues L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-xylose, and D-ribose. The obtained compounds were studied
in vitro
and
in vivo
and showed significant antiproliferative activity against HCT-116 cells (IC
50
= 10
–6
– 10
–7
M) and high antitumor effects on Ehrlich ascites tumor and P-388 lymphocytic leukemia models. The lifespan increase of animals in the first model ranged from 540 – 495% to 172 – 132%; in the second model, from 80 – 83% to 120 – 93%.
In 2002, the WHO Regional Office for Europe developed the Strategic Program for the Prevention of Measles and Congenital Rubella Infections in the European Region, which was revised in 2004. As a ...result of the revision, an additional target was set to eliminate endemic rubella in the region by 2010. Rubella is a disease well controlled by vaccination that accounts for a theoretical potential to interrupt its global transmission. Since 2013, the Russian Federation has been implementing the National Rubella Elimination Program. Elimination criteria have been revised as the Program proceeds. Currently, the main criterion for rubella elimination is the absence of endemic (local) virus transmission for at least 36 months, which should be confirmed by molecular genetic research methods. In addition, in the Russian Federation, an incidence rate of less than 1 case per 1 million population is also used as one of the elimination criteria. Since 2013, due to a high (over 95%) coverage of preventive vaccinations a decrease in incidence rates and their stabilization at a level of less than 1 per 1 million population since 2014 state in favor of successfully implemented Program. Genetic monitoring of rubella virus strains circulating in human population noted the termination of endemic virus transmission. While implementing the Elimination Program, the prevailing virus genotypes that circulate in Russia were found to be genotypes 1E and 2B showing a global distribution. The data obtained after molecular genetic monitoring allowed to find that the strains isolated during this period belonged to different clusters accounting for in favor of being imported. Considering the above factors such as high vaccination coverage, low incidence rate and lack of endemic virus transmission, the 2017 WHO Committee on verification of measles and rubella elimination assigned the Russian Federation the status of a country that has achieved rubella elimination. The continuation of the phase of infection elimination is confirmed annually. This article presents the results on comprehensive assessment of rubella elimination status in the Russian Federation by specialists from the National Scientific and Methodological Center for Measles and Rubella and WHO EURO Moscow regional reference laboratory for measles and rubella based on 2019 epidemiological data and molecular genetic studies.
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