AGI-1067, a metabolically stable modification of probucol, is an equipotent antioxidant to probucol but is pharmacologically distinct. In a multicenter trial, we studied whether AGI-1067 reduces ...restenosis assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with placebo and probucol used as a positive control.
Two weeks before PCI, 305 patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups: placebo, probucol 500 mg BID, or AGI-1067 70, 140, or 280 mg once daily. Patients were treated for 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after PCI. Baseline and 6-month follow-up IVUS were interpreted by a blinded core laboratory. Stents were used in 85% of patients. Luminal area at the PCI site at follow-up was 2.66+/-1.58 mm2 for placebo, 3.69+/-2.69 mm2 for probucol, 2.75+/-1.76 mm2 for AGI-1067 70 mg, 3.17+/-2.26 mm2 for AGI-1067 140 mg, and 3.36+/-2.12 mm2 for AGI-1067 280 mg (P=0.02 for the dose-response relationship; P< or =0.05 for AGI-1067 280 mg and probucol versus placebo). There was a mean narrowing of 5.3 mm3 of reference segment lumen in the placebo group and an enlargement in the AGI-1067 140- and 280-mg groups at follow-up (P=0.05 for 140 mg). An increase in QTc interval >60 ms occurred in 4.8% of placebo patients, 17.4% of probucol patients, and 4.8%, 2.4%, and 2.5% of patients in the AGI-1067 groups (P=0.02).
AGI-1067 and probucol reduce restenosis after PCI. In contrast to probucol, AGI-1067 did not cause prolongation of the QTc interval and improved lumen dimensions of reference segments, suggestive of a direct effect on atherosclerosis.
Abstract Background Recent observational studies have reported differential quantitative relationships between the different anthropometric indices of obesity and risk for cardiovascular (CV) events. ...Specifically, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as crude measures of abdominal obesity were shown to be more predictive of CV events than body mass index (BMI). However, it remains undetermined whether indices of abdominal obesity are also more strongly associated with early subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals. Methods The associations between carotid intimal-medial thickness (cIMT) as a validated marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and each of BMI, waist circumference and WHR were compared among 1578 middle-aged men free of clinical CV disease enrolled in the Fire Fighter and Their Endothelium (FATE) study. Results In univariate analyses, the correlation with cIMT as well as the ability to predict substantially increased atherosclerotic burden (cIMT > 75% percentile of the cohort) was strongest for WHR, intermediate for waist circumference, and weakest for BMI (Pearson's coefficient of 0.21, 0.18 and 0.12, respectively; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve AUC of 0.65, 0.62 and 0.58, respectively, P < 0.01 for differences). Within each traditional BMI category, WHR uniformly outperformed waist circumference in further refining discrimination for increased atherosclerotic burden. In multivariable analyses, WHR consistently demonstrated the strongest graded independent relationship with cIMT, beyond most of the established risk factors of atherosclerosis, and superseded both waist circumference and BMI. Conclusion Our findings support the use of WHR for estimating adiposity-related atherosclerotic burden in clinical practice and in obesity research. Moreover, our study suggests that the increased CV risk associated with abdominal obesity may be mediated in part by the increased anatomic extent of atherosclerotic vascular disease.
The murder of unarmed teenager Trayvon Martin and the subsequent trial and acquittal of his assailant, George Zimmerman, sparked a passionate national debate about race and criminal justice in ...America that involved everyone from bloggers to mayoral candidates to President Obama himself. With increased attention to these causes, from St. Louis to Los Angeles, intense outrage at New York City's Stop and Frisk program and escalating anger over the effect of mass incarceration on the nation's African American community, the Trayvon Martin case brought the racialized nature of the American justice system to the forefront of our national consciousness.Deadly Injusticeuses the Martin/Zimmerman case as a springboard to examine race, crime, and justice in our current criminal justice system.
Contributors explore how race and racism informs how Americans think about criminality, how crimes are investigated and prosecuted, and how the media interprets and reports on crime. At the center of their analysis sit examples of the Zimmerman trial and Florida's controversial Stand Your Ground law, providing current and resonant examples for readers as they work through the bigger-picture problems plaguing the American justice system. This important volume demonstrates how highly publicized criminal cases go on to shape public views about offenders, the criminal process, and justice more generally, perpetuating the same unjust cycle for future generations. A timely, well-argued collection,Deadly Injusticeis an illuminating, headline-driven text perfect for students and scholars of criminology and an important contribution to the discussion of race and crime in America.
Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, disaster preparedness and response has developed into a discrete subspecialty in medicine, and the paramount health care initiative of the US Government. The ...mental health component of disaster response is a serious subject of study, as trauma is associated with a substantial and long-lasting psychologic burden, both on an individual and community level. The psychopathologies associated with disaster are also quite broad, varying from several different types of post-traumatic stress and anxiety disorders to acute variations of grief-associated depression. This book is the definitive reference on mental health and disasters, focused on the assessment and treatment of the full spectrum of psychopathologies associated with many different types of individual disasters. The logistics for utilizing pre-existing community-based mental health services, as well as the development of new programs, are covered in depth. Case studies and perspectives for improving care, incorporating lessons from Hurricane Katrina and 9/11, are included in detail.
Counseling across and beyond cultures Walcott, Rinaldo; Moodley, Roy
Counseling across and beyond cultures,
c2010, 20101230, 2010, 2010-01-01, 2010-12-18
eBook
Using as a starting point the pioneering work of Clemmont E. Vontress, the contributors toCounseling Across and Beyond Culturestrace the evolution of multicultural counseling and discuss remaining ...challenges for practitioners.
This is the first concise handbook on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) health in the past few years. It is an advanced-level text accessible to a broad audience that breaks the myths, ...breaks the silence, and breaks new ground on this subject.
It is no surprise that many fearful American workers see the call center operator in Bangalore or the factory worker in Guangzhou as a threat to their jobs. The emergence of China and India (along ...with other, smaller developing countries) as economic powers has doubled the supply of labor to the integrated world economy. Economic theory suggests that such a dramatic increase in the supply of labor without an accompanying increase in the supply of capital is likely to exert downward pressure on wages for workers already in the integrated world economy, and wages for most workers in the United States have indeed stagnated or declined. In this book, leading economists Jagdish Bhagwati and Alan S. Blinder offer their perspectives on how the outsourcing of labor and the shifting of jobs to lower-wage countries affect the U.S. economy and what, if any, policy responses are required. Bhagwati, in his colorful and pithy style, focuses on globalization and free trade, while Blinder, erudite and witty, addresses the significance of labor market adjustment caused by trade. Bhagwati's and Blinder's contributions are followed by comments from economists Richard Freedman, Douglas A. Irwin, Lori G. Kletzer, and Robert Z. Lawrence. Bhagwati and Blinder then respond separately to the issues raised. Benjamin Friedman, who edited this volume (and organized the symposium that inspired it), provides an introduction. Alvin Hansen Symposium on Public Policy at Harvard University
Teachers, media specialists, parents, and other adults who work with adolescents must recognize that our society influences who teenagers are and how they develop as language users. This unique ...resource provides guidance to these professionals by pairing literacy specialists with counselors who introduce information about social issues important to today's adolescents. These experts then explore literature in which issues such as: body image, sexuality, and leaving home are addressed in ways likely to interest teens. By examining fictional characters, these experts provide guidance to those working with teenagers, so they can encourage adolescents to deal with the conflicts and issues imposed upon them by our society while improving their reading and writing skills.Eight important social issues are explored each in a separate chapter. While providing in-depth exploration of fictional characters grappling with these societal issues, each chapter also provides a question and answer section in which specialists answer questions many adults have raised regarding social influences on teenagers. Readers are given insight into how they can help teenagers with similar problems, and extensive annotated bibliographies recommend appropriate books to get teenagers reading and addressing these problems. This collaboration across academic specialties provides an innovative approach to attaining the goal of helping adults and adolescents in gaining a better understanding of each other.
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