We study odd parity
J
=
1
/
2
and
J
=
3
/
2
Ξ
c
resonances using a unitarized coupled-channel framework based on a
SU
(
6
)
lsf
×
HQSS-extended Weinberg–Tomozawa baryon–meson interaction, while ...paying a special attention to the renormalization procedure. We predict a large molecular
Λ
c
K
¯
component for the
Ξ
c
(
2790
)
with a dominant
0
-
light-degree-of-freedom spin configuration. We discuss the differences between the
3
/
2
-
Λ
c
(
2625
)
and
Ξ
c
(
2815
)
states, and conclude that they cannot be SU(3) siblings, whereas we predict the existence of other
Ξ
c
-states, one of them related to the two-pole structure of the
Λ
c
(
2595
)
. It is of particular interest a pair of
J
=
1
/
2
and
J
=
3
/
2
poles, which form a HQSS doublet and that we tentatively assign to the
Ξ
c
(
2930
)
and
Ξ
c
(
2970
)
, respectively. Within this picture, the
Ξ
c
(
2930
)
would be part of a SU(3) sextet, containing either the
Ω
c
(
3090
)
or the
Ω
c
(
3119
)
, and that would be completed by the
Σ
c
(
2800
)
. Moreover, we identify a
J
=
1
/
2
sextet with the
Ξ
b
(
6227
)
state and the recently discovered
Σ
b
(
6097
)
. Assuming the
equal spacing rule
and to complete this multiplet, we predict the existence of a
J
=
1
/
2
Ω
b
odd parity state, with a mass of 6360 MeV and that should be seen in the
Ξ
b
K
¯
channel.
We study the properties of the scalar charm resonances
D
s
0
(
2317
)
and
D
0
(
2400
)
, and the theoretical hidden charm state
X
(
3700
)
in nuclear matter. We find that for the
D
s
0
(
2317
)
and
X
...(
3700
)
resonances, with negligible and small width at zero density, respectively, the width becomes about
100
MeV
and
200
MeV
at normal nuclear matter density, accordingly. For
D
0
(
2400
)
the change in width is relatively less important. We discuss the origin of this new width and trace it to reactions occurring in the nucleus. We also propose a possible experimental test for those modifications in nuclear matter, which will bring valuable information on the nature of those scalar resonances and the interaction of
D mesons with nucleons.
We analyze the effects of including Δ(1232) isobars in an equation of state (EoS) for cold, β-stable neutron star (NS) matter, employing relativistic nuclear mean field theory. The selected EoS ...reproduces the properties of nuclear matter and finite nuclei and, in the astrophysical context, allows for the presence of hyperons in NSs having masses larger than 2 M . We find that the composition and structure of NSs is critically influenced by the addition of the Δ isobars, which allows us to constrain their interaction with the meson fields, taking into account astrophysical information. Imposing that the EoS is stable and ensures the existence of 2 M NSs, as well as requiring agreement with data of Δ excitation in nuclei, we find that, in the absence of other mechanisms stiffening the EoS at high densities, the interaction of the Δ isobars with the sigma and omega meson fields must be at least 10% stronger than those of the nucleons. Moreover, the NS moment of inertia turns out to be sensitive to the presence of Δ isobars, whereas the inclusion of Δ isobars in the EoS allows for smaller stellar radii and for a lower value of the tidal deformability, consistent with the analysis of the GW170817 merger event.
The equation of state of beta-stable and charge neutral nucleonic matter is computed within the
SU
(2) parity doublet model in mean-field and in the relativistic Hartree approximation. The mass of ...the chiral partner of the nucleon is assumed to be 1200MeV. The transition to the chiral restored phase turns out to be a smooth crossover in all the cases considered, taking place at a baryon density of just 2ρ
0
. The mass-radius relations of compact stars are calculated to constrain the model parameters from the maximum mass limit of neutron stars. It is demonstrated that chiral symmetry starts to be restored, which in this model implies the appearance of the chiral partners of the nucleons, in the center of neutron stars. However, the analysis of the decay width of the assumed chiral partner of the nucleon poses limits on the validity of the present version of the model to describe vacuum properties.
Abstract
The FSU2H equation-of-state model, originally developed to describe cold neutron star matter with hyperonic cores, is extended to finite temperature. Results are presented for a wide range ...of temperatures and lepton fractions, which cover the conditions met in protoneutron star matter, neutron star mergers, and supernova explosions. It is found that the temperature effects on the thermodynamical observables and the composition of the neutron star core are stronger when the hyperonic degrees of freedom are considered. An evaluation of the temperature and density dependence of the thermal index leads to the observation that the so-called Γ law, widely used in neutron star merger simulations, is not appropriate to reproduce the true thermal effects, specially when hyperons start to be abundant in the neutron star core. To make finite temperature equations of state easily accessible, simple parametrizations of the thermal index for nucleonic and hyperonic β-stable neutrino-free matter are provided.
In seeking alternative cancer treatments, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), sourced from various life forms, emerge as promising contenders. These endogenous peptides, also known as host defense ...peptides (HDPs), play crucial roles in immune defenses against infections and exhibit potential in combating cancers. With their diverse defensive functions, plant-derived AMPs, such as thionins and defensins, offer a rich repertoire of antimicrobial properties. Insects, amphibians, and animals contribute unique AMPs like cecropins, temporins, and cathelicidins, showcasing broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Understanding these natural peptides holds significant potential for developing effective and targeted therapies against cancer and infectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) exhibit diverse structural characteristics, including α-helical, β-sheet, extended, and loop peptides. Environmental conditions influence their structure, connecting to changes in cell membrane hydrophobicity. AMPs' actions involve direct killing and immune regulation, with additional activities like membrane depolarization. In this review, we focus on antimicrobial peptides that act as anticancer agents and AMPs that exhibit mechanisms akin to antimicrobial activity. Buforin AMPs, particularly Buforin I and II, derived from histone H2A, demonstrate antibacterial and anticancer potential. Buforin IIb and its analogs show promise, with selectivity for cancer cells. Despite the challenges, AMPs offer a unique approach to combat microbial resistance and potential cancer treatment. In various cancer types, including HeLa, breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, and liver cancers, buforins demonstrate inhibitory effects and apoptosis induction. To address limitations like stability and bioavailability, researchers explore buforin-containing bioconjugates, covalently linked with nanoparticles or liposomes. Bioconjugation enhances specificity-controlled release and combats drug resistance, presenting a promising avenue for targeted cancer treatment. Clinical translation awaits further evaluation through in vivo studies and future clinical trials.
We have reviewed the renormalization procedure used in the unitarized coupled-channel model of Romanets et al. (Phys Rev D 85:114032,
2012
), and its impact in the
C
=
1
,
S
=
-
2
, and
I
=
0
sector, ...where five
Ω
c
(
∗
)
states have been recently observed by the LHCb Collaboration. The meson-baryon interactions used in the model are consistent with both chiral and heavy-quark spin symmetries, and lead to a successful description of the observed lowest-lying odd parity resonances
Λ
c
(
2595
)
and
Λ
c
(
2625
)
, and
Λ
b
(
5912
)
and
Λ
b
(
5920
)
resonances. We show that some (probably at least three) of the states observed by LHCb will also have odd parity and
J
=
1
/
2
or
J
=
3
/
2
, belonging two of them to the same
SU
(
6
)
light
-
spin
-
flavor
×
HQSS multiplets as the latter charmed and beauty
Λ
baryons.
We analyze the modifications that a dense nuclear medium induces in the Ds0⁎(2317)± and Ds1(2460)±. In the vacuum, we consider them as isoscalar D(⁎)K and ▪S-wave bound states, which are dynamically ...generated from effective interactions that lead to different Weinberg compositeness scenarios. Matter effects are incorporated through the two-meson loop functions, taking into account the self energies that the D(⁎), ▪, K, and ▪ develop when embedded in a nuclear medium. Although particle-antiparticle Ds0,s1(⁎)(2317,2460)+versusDs0,s1(⁎)(2317,2460)− lineshapes are the same in vacuum, we find extremely different density patterns in matter. This charge-conjugation asymmetry mainly stems from the very different kaon and antikaon interaction with the nucleons of the dense medium. We show that the in-medium lineshapes found for these resonances strongly depend on their D(⁎)K/▪ molecular content, and discuss how this novel feature can be used to better determine/constrain the inner structure of these exotic states.
The production and propagation of antikaons—described by dynamical spectral functions
A
h(X,
P
→
,M
2)
as evaluated from a coupled channel
G-matrix approach—is studied for nucleus–nucleus collisions ...at SIS energies in comparison to the conventional quasi-particle limit and the available experimental data using off-shell transport theory. We find that the
K
− spectra for
12C+
12C and
58Ni+
58Ni at 1.8
A
GeV remain underestimated in the
G-matrix approach as in the on-shell quasi-particle approximation whereas the preliminary spectra for Au+Au at
1.5
A
GeV are well described in both limits. This also holds approximately for the
K
− rapidity distributions in semi-central collisions of Ni+Ni at
1.93
A
GeV. However, in all limits considered there is no convincing description of all spectra simultaneously. Our off-shell transport calculations, furthermore, demonstrate that the strongest in-medium effects should be found for low antikaon momenta in the center-of-mass frame, since the deceleration of the antikaons in the attractive Coulomb and nuclear potentials and the propagation to the on-shell mass induces a net shift and squeezing of the
K
− spectra to the low momentum regime.
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) increase the morbidity and mortality of surgery in obese patients. High levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with lung recruitment maneuvers ...may improve intraoperative respiratory function, but they can also compromise hemodynamics, and the effects on PPCs are uncertain. We hypothesized that intraoperative mechanical ventilation using high PEEP with periodic recruitment maneuvers, as compared with low PEEP without recruitment maneuvers, prevents PPCs in obese patients.
The PRotective Ventilation with Higher versus Lower PEEP during General Anesthesia for Surgery in OBESE Patients (PROBESE) study is a multicenter, two-arm, international randomized controlled trial. In total, 2013 obese patients with body mass index ≥35 kg/m
scheduled for at least 2 h of surgery under general anesthesia and at intermediate to high risk for PPCs will be included. Patients are ventilated intraoperatively with a low tidal volume of 7 ml/kg (predicted body weight) and randomly assigned to PEEP of 12 cmH
O with lung recruitment maneuvers (high PEEP) or PEEP of 4 cmH
O without recruitment maneuvers (low PEEP). The occurrence of PPCs will be recorded as collapsed composite of single adverse pulmonary events and represents the primary endpoint.
To our knowledge, the PROBESE trial is the first multicenter, international randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of two different levels of intraoperative PEEP during protective low tidal volume ventilation on PPCs in obese patients. The results of the PROBESE trial will support anesthesiologists in their decision to choose a certain PEEP level during general anesthesia for surgery in obese patients in an attempt to prevent PPCs.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02148692. Registered on 23 May 2014; last updated 7 June 2016.
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