The antimicrobial activity of hop extracts obtained from different hop genotypes were investigated against
and
. In this study the pure xanthohumol, purified β-acids rich fraction, as well as α-acids ...with β-acids rich fraction were used to test antimicrobial activity against
and
; whereby, the antimicrobial activity of different hop extracts against
was studied for the first time. Microbial susceptibility to purified hydroacetonic extracts from different hop varieties was investigated by the broth microdilution assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The hop hydroacetonic extracts were more effective against
than against
. Strong inverse correlations of MIC and MBC values were obtained with xanthohumol, cohumulone, n+adhumulone, colupulone and n+adlupulone contents, suggesting that the identified chemical hop compounds are directly responsible for antimicrobial effects. Moreover, the effect of the growth medium strength on the MIC values of hop extracts against
was systematically investigated for the first time. The current study also reveals the effect of different hop extracts on
, which responds to their presence by lag phase extension and generation time prolongation.
The aim of our study was to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations in captive and free-ranging male and female mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella) during their circannual cycle. ...In addition, FGM concentrations were used to track the intensity of the adrenocortical response in mountain gazelles during the same period.IntroductionThe aim of our study was to measure fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations in captive and free-ranging male and female mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella) during their circannual cycle. In addition, FGM concentrations were used to track the intensity of the adrenocortical response in mountain gazelles during the same period.Fecal samples were collected from the ground in the Hatay Mountain Gazelle Wildlife Development Area in the Hatay Province of Türkiye (36°32' N, 36°32' E) in each season of the year (December, April, July, September). The sex of the animals was determined by detecting the SRY gene of the Y chromosome in DNA isolated from the fecal samples. FGM was extracted from dried fecal samples with methanol, and its concentration was measured using a previously partially validated ELISA.MethodsFecal samples were collected from the ground in the Hatay Mountain Gazelle Wildlife Development Area in the Hatay Province of Türkiye (36°32' N, 36°32' E) in each season of the year (December, April, July, September). The sex of the animals was determined by detecting the SRY gene of the Y chromosome in DNA isolated from the fecal samples. FGM was extracted from dried fecal samples with methanol, and its concentration was measured using a previously partially validated ELISA.The results indicate that season is the most important factor explaining the variability in FGM concentrations in mountain gazelles. In animals of both sexes, the highest concentrations of FGM were observed in September. The values were significantly higher in the captive population, perhaps due to unpredictable stress. In July, FGM concentrations were low in both populations. As a result of the overall analysis across seasons, the comparison of FGM concentrations between captive and free-ranging animals revealed higher concentrations in captive animals only in September but not in other seasons, although higher concentrations have been previously reported for several wild captive species. Due to predation risk, the presence of offspring can be considered a critical point in the biological cycle for the welfare of free-ranging mountain gazelles, as suggested by the higher FGM concentrations in the free-ranging population in July. The high number of visitors could be a challenge for mountain gazelles in captivity, as indicated by higher FGM concentrations during September. Sex had no effect on the FGM concentrations of either population.Results and discussionThe results indicate that season is the most important factor explaining the variability in FGM concentrations in mountain gazelles. In animals of both sexes, the highest concentrations of FGM were observed in September. The values were significantly higher in the captive population, perhaps due to unpredictable stress. In July, FGM concentrations were low in both populations. As a result of the overall analysis across seasons, the comparison of FGM concentrations between captive and free-ranging animals revealed higher concentrations in captive animals only in September but not in other seasons, although higher concentrations have been previously reported for several wild captive species. Due to predation risk, the presence of offspring can be considered a critical point in the biological cycle for the welfare of free-ranging mountain gazelles, as suggested by the higher FGM concentrations in the free-ranging population in July. The high number of visitors could be a challenge for mountain gazelles in captivity, as indicated by higher FGM concentrations during September. Sex had no effect on the FGM concentrations of either population.
More than 30 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported so far. Theories on the co-occurrence of MS and PD range from coincidental to causal. There has been ...only one report of MS in young onset PD in a patient heterozygous for Parkin mutation. We report a patient with MS who developed signs typical for PD and was found to be heterozygous mutation carrier in the gene for glucocerebrosidase (GBA1), a well-known risk factor for PD.
•We report a case of MS patient who developed PD and was found to be heterozygous carrier of GBA1 gene mutation.•MS might increase the chances of PD development in GBA1 gene mutation carriers.•The mechanisms by which GBA1 mutations increase the risk of development PD in the setting of MS are not known.
The Europeanization of national political parties is one of the most important topic areas in the Europeanization literature. Slovenian parties have slowly started to act in the arena of the European ...Union (EU) since the 1990s, and questions regarding the degree of their Europeanization have become increasingly relevant. In light of Ladrech’s conviction that the clearest types of evidence of Europeanization may be found in programme changes, we focus our research on party manifestos.
By conducting a computer-assisted content analysis of 65 manifestos between 1990 and 2014, we were able to examine the presence of EU-related topics and the frequency of reference to these topics, utilizing a quantitative measure of party Europeanization. We conclude that the presence of Europe in Slovenian parliamentary party manifestos is a consequence of an incremental process that intensified with the turn of the millennium and peaked with Slovenia’s accession to the EU. In addition, we observe that the interaction of variables has an important effect on the salience of Europe in manifestos, with the variables involved in a mutual feedback process, thus indicating that size, governmental status and EU party links matter. In the case of fringe parties, party family proved relevant as well.
The aim of the study was to show the principles of nonverbal communication achieved with clothing by using Roman Jakobson’s linguistic method. As demonstrated and established here, clothes and their ...functions can be translated into verbal and written language. The language of fashion, costume and stage design can be analysed in terms of their function and symbolism. Based on the language function scheme, clothing can be interpreted as the language of communication and as a system. Using purely linguistic methods, examples of various clothing analyses demonstrate the clothing function as a visual sign system, which is equal to the linguistic sign system, language and communication. Different kinds of communication can be achieved through garments, as explained by the examples and discussion selected and described.
The first clinical studies on the use of electrochemotherapy to treat liver tumours that were not amenable to surgery or thermal ablation techniques have recently been published. However, there is ...still a lack of data on the effects of electrochemotherapy on normal liver tissue. Therefore, we designed a translational animal model study to test whether electrochemotherapy with bleomycin causes clinically significant damage to normal liver tissue, with emphasis on large blood vessels and bile ducts. We performed electrochemotherapy with bleomycin or delivered electric pulses alone using a potentially risky treatment strategy in eight pigs. Two and seven days after treatment, livers were explanted, and histological analysis was performed. Blood samples were collected before treatment and again before euthanasia to evaluate blood biomarkers of liver function and systemic inflammatory response. We found no thrombosis or other clinically significant damage to large blood vessels and bile ducts in the liver. No clinical or laboratory findings suggested impaired liver function or systemic inflammatory response. Electrochemotherapy with bleomycin does not cause clinically significant damage to normal liver tissue. Our study provides further evidence that electrochemotherapy with bleomycin is safe for treatment of patients with tumours near large blood vessels in the liver.
The aim of this research was to apply three different types of zeolites and the combination thereof in the form of a very fine powder, together with different chemicals and additives on polyamide ...knitted fabric according to an industrially acceptable exhaustion procedure in order to study changes in the morphology, optical properties and wettability of surfaces. Zeolites were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas physiosorption. Additionally, the morphology of zeolite-coated surfaces was examined closely using SEM, while changes in molecular-chemical level were examined by means of IR spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied using CIE colour measurement and diffuse refl ectance profile determination, while the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character was examined using goniometry. The obtained results show the suitability of the employed exhaustion procedure, depending on the type of zeolite and the composition of the treatment bath. The results also provided evidence of the enhanced wettability of PA fabrics using 4A and 13X zeolites in combination with selected additives.
In this article, we analyse selected institutional, contextual and personal variables previously proven to have an effect on the level of democratic deliberation in representative bodies. Selected ...theoretical propositions were tested on a sample of statements derived from a series of parliamentary debates on the so-called Family Act (Marriage and Family Relations Act) that has divided Slovenian politics and society. Initially, the authors present the current state-of-the-art in the field on the basis of a brief literature review of key determinants affecting parliamentary debates. In the second part of the article, on the basis of empirical scrutiny of the exposed determinants the authors assert that the interplay of institutional and personal determinants impacts the level of democratic deliberation, whereby the personal component has proven to have the most equivocal and theoretically sound effect on democratic deliberation in the Slovenian parliament.
The Europeanization of national political parties is one of the most important topic areas in the Europeanization literature. Slovenian parties have slowly started to act in the arena of the European ...Union (EU) since the 1990s, and questions regarding the degree of their Europeanization have become increasingly relevant. In light of Ladrech’s conviction that the clearest types of evidence of Europeanization may be found in programme changes, we focus our research on party manifestos. By conducting a computer-assisted content analysis of 65 manifestos between 1990 and 2014, we were able to examine the presence of EU-related topics and the frequency of reference to these topics, utilizing a quantitative measure of party Europeanization. We conclude that the presence of Europe in Slovenian parliamentary party manifestos is a consequence of an incremental process that intensified with the turn of the millennium and peaked with Slovenia’s accession to the EU. In addition, we observe that the interaction of variables has an important effect on the salience of Europe in manifestos, with the variables involved in a mutual feedback process, thus indicating that size, governmental status and EU party links matter. In the case of fringe parties, party family proved relevant as well.
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