We present a lattice QCD calculation of the ΔI = 1/2, K → π π decay amplitude A 0 and ϵ ′, the measure of direct C P violation in K → π π decay, improving our 2015 calculation 1 of these quantities. ...Both calculations were performed with physical kinematics on a 323 × 64 lattice with an inverse lattice spacing of a−1 = 1.3784(68) GeV . However, the current calculation includes nearly 4 times the statistics and numerous technical improvements allowing us to more reliably isolate the π π ground state and more accurately relate the lattice operators to those defined in the standard model. We find Re(A0) = 2.99(0.32)(0.59) × 10−7 GeV and Im(A0) = − 6.98(0.62)(1.44) × 10−11 GeV, where the errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. The former agrees well with the experimental result Re(A0) = 3.3201(18) × 10−7 GeV . These results for A0 can be combined with our earlier lattice calculation of A2 2 to obtain Re(ϵ′/ϵ) = 21.7(2.6)(6.2)(5.0) × 10−4, where the third error represents omitted isospin breaking effects, and Re(A0) / Re(A2) = 19.9(2.3)(4.4). The first agrees well with the experimental result of Re(ϵ′/ϵ) = 16.6(2.3) × 10−4. A comparison of the second with the observed ratio Re(A0) / Re(A2) = 22.45(6), demonstrates the standard model origin of this " ΔI = 1/2 rule" enhancement.
We determine the renormalization constants for flavor nonsinglet fermion bilinear operators of Möbius domain-wall fermions. The renormalization condition is imposed on the correlation functions in ...the coordinate space, such that the nonperturbative lattice calculation reproduces the perturbatively calculated counterpart at short distances. The perturbative expansion is precise as the coefficients are available up to O(αs4). We employ 2+1-flavor lattice ensembles at three lattice spacings in the range 0.044–0.080 fm.
We study the vector and axial-vector current correlators in perturbative and nonperturbative regimes of QCD. The correlators in Euclidean coordinate space are calculated on the lattice using the ...Möbius domain-wall fermion formulation at three lattice spacings covering 0.044–0.080 fm. The dynamical quark effects of 2+1 light flavors are included. The sum V+A and the difference V−A of the vector (V) and axial-vector (A) current correlators calculated on the lattice after extrapolating to the physical point agree with those converted from the ALEPH experimental data of hadronic τ decays. The level of the agreement in the V+A channel is about 1.3σ or smaller in the region of |x|≥0.4 fm, while that in the V−A channel is about 1.8σ at |x|=0.74 fm and smaller at other distances. We also extract the chiral condensate from the short-distance correlators on the lattice using the partially conserved axial current relation. Its result extrapolated to the chiral and continuum limit is compatible with other estimates at low energies.
A PDE4B subtype selective inhibitor is expected to have a wider therapeutic window than non-selective PDE4 inhibitors. In this Letter, two series of 7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano3,2-dpyrimidine ...derivatives and 5,5-dioxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano3,2-dpyrimidine derivatives were evaluated for their PDE4B subtype selectivity using human PDE4B2 and PDE4D2 full length enzymes. To improve their PDE4B selectivity over PDE4D, we optimized the substituents on the pyrimidine ring and the side chain phenyl ring, resulting in several derivatives with more than 100-fold selectivity for PDE4B. Consequently, we identified 2-(3-chloro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-5,5-dioxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-thiopyrano3,2-dpyrimidine derivative 54 as a highly selective PDE4B inhibitor, which had potent hPDE4B inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.0nM and 433-fold PDE4B selectivity over PDE4D.
The corrosion-protective performance of plasma-polymerized (PP) coatings on aluminium substrates has been investigated by potentiodynamic (cathodic) polarization curve measurement, X-ray ...photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed photoelectron emission (TPPE) measurement. PP films from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/O
2, hexamethyldisiloxane/O
2 and cyclohexane were deposited on previously argon plasma treated aluminium substrates by a 13.56 MHz radiofrequency generator. The weight loss rate obtained from the cathodic polarization curve for the PP film samples utilized as the working electrode was employed to evaluate the corrosion-protective performance. The PP films of TEOS/O
2 mixtures gave the best protective performance. The corrosion potential for all the PP films became more negative than that for the substrate only. The XPS analysis indicated that TEOS films have a chemical structure like SiO
2. The TPPE analysis revealed that the argon plasma pretreatment of the metal substrate enhances greatly the ability of the surface to emit electrons.
We investigate the chiral properties of SU(2)c gauge theory with six flavors, i.e., six light Dirac fermions in the fundamental representations by lattice simulation, and point out that the ...spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry does not occur in this system. The quark mass dependence of the mesonic spectrum provides evidence for such a possibility. The decay constant tends to be increased by the finite size effect, which is opposite to the behavior predicted by chiral perturbation theory and indicates that the long distance dynamics in the six-flavor theory could be different from the theory with chiral symmetry breaking. The subtracted chiral condensate, whose utility is demonstrated by the simulation of two-flavor theory, is shown to vanish in the chiral limit within the precision of available data.
Background Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, contributes to subepithelial thickening in asthmatic airways, and its serum levels reflect airway eosinophilic inflammation. However, the ...relationship between periostin and the development of airflow limitation, a functional consequence of airway remodeling, remains unknown. Objective We aimed to determine the relationship between serum periostin levels and pulmonary function decline in asthmatic patients on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. Methods Two hundred twenty-four asthmatic patients (average age, 62.3 years) treated with ICS for at least 4 years were enrolled. Annual changes in FEV1 , from at least 1 year after the initiation of ICS treatment to the time of enrollment or later (average, 16.2 measurements over 8 years per individual), were assessed. At enrollment, clinical indices, biomarkers that included serum periostin, and periostin gene polymorphisms were examined. Associations between clinical indices or biomarkers and a decline in FEV1 of 30 mL or greater per year were analyzed. Results High serum periostin levels (≥95 ng/mL) at enrollment, the highest treatment step, higher ICS daily doses, a history of admission due to asthma exacerbation, comorbid or a history of sinusitis, and ex-smoking were associated with a decline in FEV1 of 30 mL or greater per year. Multivariate analysis showed that high serum periostin, the highest treatment step, and ex-smoking were independent risk factors for the decline. Polymorphisms of periostin gene were related to higher serum periostin levels (rs3829365) and a decline in FEV1 of 30 mL or greater per year (rs9603226). Conclusions Serum periostin appears to be a useful biomarker for the development of airflow limitation in asthmatic patients on ICS.
The authors have attempted to define the exact borders of the root exit zone (RExZ) of the facial nerve, measure the distribution of myelin histologically, and examine the relationship between ...contact vessels and the RExZ.
Seventy-five facial nerves were obtained from brainstems excised from 44 adult patients at autopsy. The arteries and veins associated with the facial nerve were counted and measured. The facial nerves, associated vasculature, and adjoining portions of the brainstem were then removed en bloc. These tissues were serially sectioned and stained, and a photomicrograph of each section was obtained. The distribution of myelin on each section was measured from the upper edge of the supraolivary fossette, and the relationship between contact vessels and the RExZ examined. The lateral transitional zone of the facial nerve began 8 mm distal to the upper edge of the supraolivary fossette (root exit point RExP) and had a mean length of 1.9 mm. The root detachment point (RDP) of the facial nerve at the medial side was located very close to the beginning of the medial transitional zone. In more than 80% of the nerves that were examined, vascular structures compressed the central glial myelin of the nerve.
The authors propose the use of the terms "RExP," "RDP," and "transitional zone," instead of RExZ, which cannot be well defined. The RDP appears to be a good landmark for use during microvascular decompression.
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