Enabling IMS with Multicast and Broadcast Capabilities Al-Hezmi, A.; Knappmeyer, M.; Ricks, B. ...
2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,
2007-Sept.
Conference Proceeding
The evolution of third generation cellular network focuses on the provision of enriched multimedia services and the support of QoS (quality of service) guarantees. The IMS (IP multimedia subsystem) ...is specified as subsystem providing resource, admission and charging control. Enabling GPRS (general packet radio service) and UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) to support multicast and broadcast transmissions, 3GPP (third generation partnership project) has recently standardised the MBMS (multimedia broadcast multicast services) framework. Up to now, IMS and MBMS are separated subsystems sharing no common interfaces in order to utilise each other. However, 3GPP is working currently on release 7 to integrate IMS and MBMS. In this paper we present an efficient integration of IMS and MBMS which supports several phases of unicast, multicast and broadcast transmissions. Furthermore, an integrated solution framework is introduced. Several end-to-end signalling procedures are finally discussed.
Deletions in chromosome 7 of the mouse have been shown to cause failure of expression of various hepatocyte-specific genes in newborn deletion homozygotes, including the gene encoding tyrosine amino ...transferase (TAT) (EC 2.6.1.5) (Gluecksohn-Waelsch, 1979). Primary liver cultures of newborn albino deletion mutant mice (c14CoS/c14CoS) and of phenotypically normal mice (c14CoS/cch or cch/cch) were infected with SV40 virus and multiplying hepatocytes selected in arginine-deficient medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, and hydrocortisone (HC). Resulting normal (NMH-ch) and mutant (NMH-m14) hepatocyte lines expressing integrated viral transforming sequences did not senesce, they multiplied autonomously of EGF in medium with insulin plus HC, and they retained hepatocyte-specific functions. Both lines synthesized arginine and contained albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNAs. TAT-specific mRNA was detected in normal but not in mutant hepatocyte lines. A fragment of the mouse tyrosinase gene, known to map at the albino locus (c) within the region deleted in the c14CoS mutant, hybridized with a 2.5 kb EcoRI fragment of normal NMH-ch DNA, whereas this fragment was undetectable in mutant NMH-m14 DNA. These immortalized hepatocyte lines reflect important properties of normal and mutant liver tissues from which they were derived. The deletion mutant mouse cell lines may be useful for complementation studies involving sequences corresponding to the deletions that encode regulatory gene(s) involved in the control of inducible expression of certain hepatocyte-specific genes such as TAT.
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