Context.
The Tibet AS
γ
and LHAASO collaborations recently reported the observation of a
γ
-ray diffuse emission with energy up to the PeV level from the Galactic plane.
Aims.
We discuss the ...relevance of non-uniform cosmic-ray transport scenarios and the implications of these results for cosmic-ray physics.
Methods.
We used the
DRAGON
and
HERMES
codes to build high-resolution maps and spectral distributions of that emission for several representative models under the condition that they reproduce a wide set of local cosmic-ray data up to 100 PeV.
Results.
We show that the energy spectra measured by Tibet AS
γ
, LHAASO, ARGO-YBJ, and
Fermi
-LAT in several regions of interest in the sky can all be reasonably described in terms of the emission arising by the Galactic cosmic-ray “sea”. We also show that all our models are compatible with IceTop
γ
-ray upper limits.
Conclusions.
We compare the predictions of conventional and space-dependent transport models with those data sets. Although the
Fermi
-LAT, ARGO-YBJ, and LHAASO preliminary data slightly favor this scenario, due to the still large experimental errors, the poorly known source spectral shape at the highest energies, the potential role of spatial fluctuations in the leptonic component, and a possible larger-than-expected contamination due to unresolved sources, a solid confirmation requires further investigations. We discuss which measurements will be most relevant in order to resolve the remaining degeneracy.
ABSTRACT
For over a century, the identification of high-energy cosmic ray (CR) sources remains an open question. For Galactic CRs with energy up to 1015 eV, supernova remnants (SNRs) have ...traditionally been thought the main candidate source. However, recent TeV γ-ray observations have questioned the SNR paradigm. Propagating CRs are deflected by the Galactic magnetic field, hence, γ-rays and neutrinos produced via inelastic hadronic interactions are the only means for unveiling the CR sources. In this work, we study the γ-ray and neutrino emission produced by CRs accelerated inside Galactic jets of stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries (BHXBs). We calculate the intrinsic neutrino emission of two prototypical BHXBs , Cygnus X–1 and GX 339–4, for which we have high-quality, quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength spectra. Based on these prototypical sources, we discuss the likelihood of the 35 known Galactic BHXBs to be efficient CR accelerators. Moreover, we estimate the potential contribution to the CR spectrum of a viable population of BHXBs that reside in the Galactic plane. When these BHXBs go into outburst, they may accelerate particles up to hundreds of TeV that contribute to the diffuse γ-ray and neutrino spectra while propagating in the Galactic medium. Using HERMES, an open-source code that calculates the hadronic processes along the line of sight, we discuss the contribution of BHXBs to the diffuse γ-ray and neutrino fluxes, and compare these to their intrinsic γ-ray and neutrino emissions. Finally, we discuss the contribution of BHXBs to the observed spectrum of Galactic CRs.
The monthly depositional fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb and 40K were measured at Malaga, (Southern Spain) from 2005 to 2018. In this work, the depositional fluxes of these radionuclides are investigated and ...their relations with several atmospheric variables have been studied by applying two popular machine learning methods: Random Forest and Neural Network algorithms. We extensively test different configurations of these algorithms and demonstrate their predictive ability for reproducing depositional fluxes. The models derived with Neural Networks achieve slightly better results, in average, although similar, having into account the uncertainties. The mean Pearson-R coefficients, evaluated with a k-fold cross-validation method, are around 0.85 for the three radionuclides using Neural Network models, while they go down to 0.83, 0.79 and 0.8 for 7Be, 210Pb and 40K, respectively, for the Random Forest models. Additionally, applying the Recursive Feature Elimination technique we determine the variables more correlated with the depositional fluxes of these radionuclides, which elucidates the main dependences of their temporal variability.
•14 years of monthly data on depositional fluxes of 7Be, 210Pb and 40K.•Predictions of depositional fluxes from machine learning techniques.•Recursive Feature Elimination algorithm to study the variables with more importance.•Statistical evaluation following a K-fold method.•Extensible model for large-scale predictions.
Dark matter particles from the galactic halo can be gravitationally trapped in the solar core or in external orbits. The enhanced density of dark matter particles either in the solar core or in ...external orbits can result in the annihilation of these particles producing gamma rays via long-lived intermediate states or directly outside the Sun, respectively. These processes would yield characteristic features in the energy spectrum of the subsequent gamma rays, i.e., a boxlike or linelike shaped feature, respectively. We have performed a dedicated analysis using a 10-year sample of gamma-ray events from the Sun collected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope searching for spectral features in the energy spectrum as a signature of dark matter annihilation. In the scenario of gamma-ray production via long-lived mediators, we have also evaluated the dark matter-nucleon spin-dependent and spin-independent scattering cross section constraints from the flux limits in a dark matter mass range from 3 GeV/c2 up to about 1.8 TeV /c2. In the mass range up to about 150 GeV/c2, the limits are in the range 10−46 – 10−45 cm2 for the spin-dependent scattering and in the range 10−48 – 10−47 cm2 for the spin-independent case. The range of variation depends on the decay length of the mediator.
The interactions of cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere produce secondary particles which can reach the Earth. In this work, we present a comprehensive calculation of the yields of secondary ...particles such as gamma-rays, electrons, positrons, neutrons, and neutrinos performed with the fluka code. We also estimate the intensity at the Sun and the fluxes at the Earth of these secondary particles by folding their yields with the intensities of cosmic rays impinging on the solar surface. The results are sensitive to the assumptions on the magnetic field nearby the Sun and to the cosmic-ray transport in the magnetic field in the inner Solar System.
Introduction
Cognitive symptoms in psychosis represent a major unmet clinical need (Acuna-Vargas et al. Cog in Psych 2019; 21(3), 223–224). Deficit in memory has been largely described in first ...episode early onset psychosis (Mayoral et al. Eur Psych 2008; 23(5), 375-383) and has been associated to a worse functionality (Øie et al. Neuropsychology 2011; 25(1), 25–35). However, results from existing studies are quite mixed on memory deficits of early psychosis patients, particularly in terms of memory contents and storage resources.
Objectives
The aims of this study were 1) to examine the nature and extent of cognitive impairment in early-onset psychosis and 2) to analyze which type of memory (verbal and visual) is more affected in the disorder.
Methods
The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA criteria (Moher et al. Systematic Reviews 2015; 4(1), 1 - 9). A systematic search of CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, Redalyc, SCOPUS and Web of Science (published from 2000 to 2020) identified case-control studies of early onset psychotic disorder (under 18 years old). Those studies focused on both verbal and visual memory performance.
Results
Twenty articles were included in the review. A deficit in memory in child and adolescent psychotic disorders was obtained displaying a large effect size in memory tasks (g = -0.83). Also, a medium effect size was found in visual memory tasks (g = - 0.61) and a large effect size was found in verbal memory tasks (g = -1.00).
Conclusions
It was observed a strong memory deficit on early psychotic disorders already present at the onset of the illness. This deficit was stronger when verbal memory tasks were used compared to the effect found with visual memory tasks. Based on previous literature (García-Nieto et al. Jou Cli Child & Ado Psych 2011; 40(2), 266-280; Lepage et al. Eur Psych 2008; 23(5):368- 74; Hui et al. Psych Med 2016; 46(11):2435-44), these results contribute to describe and characterize the cognitive symptoms in the first-episode psychosis in a youth population.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
PDF
