Objectives
Recent legislation mandating reporting of undocumented immigrants may instill fear of discovery when they access emergency department (ED) services. The objectives of this study were to: ...1) characterize the knowledge and beliefs of undocumented Latino immigrants (UDLI) about health care workers' reporting (or nonreporting) of illegal immigrants in the ED, 2) determine whether UDLI fear discovery when presenting to the ED, and 3) determine the nature and sources of this fear.
Methods
This was a cross‐sectional study of UDLI and two comparison groups conducted in two California county EDs, from November 2009 to August 2010. The authors interviewed a convenience sample of adult UDLI, Latino legal residents (LLR), and non‐Latino legal residents (NLLR) using a structured instrument in their native language. The main outcome was fear of discovery among UDLI and the sources of that fear.
Results
Of 1,224 patients approached, 1,007 (82.3%) were interviewed: 314 UDLI, 373 LLR, and 320 NLLR. The median age was 43 years (interquartile range IQR = 31 to 55 years), and 51% were male. UDLIs were less likely to speak English (14%, 95% confidence interval CI = 10% to 18%), have health insurance (39%, 95% CI 32% to 44%), or have a regular primary care provider (PCP; 39%, 95% CI = 34% to 45%), compared to LLR (English 56%, 95% CI = 51% to 61%; health insurance 50%, 95% CI = 45% to 55%; regular PCP 51%, 95% = CI 46% to 57%) and NLLR (English 95%, 95% CI = 92% to 97%; health insurance 49%, 95% CI = 43% to 54%; regular PCP 51%, 95% CI = 45% to 56%). Of the 16% of UDLI who stated that nurses and doctors treat undocumented immigrant patients differently than citizens, 41% (95% CI = 29% to 54%) reported less respect given to UDLI by staff. Thirty‐two percent of UDLI had heard of Proposition 187, 13% believed hospital staff reported UDLI to immigration authorities, and 9% said they were asked about their citizenship status. Fear of coming to the hospital because of discovery was expressed by 12% (95% CI = 9% to 16%) of UDLI, with 42% (95% CI = 28% to 58%) citing discussions with friends/family, 32% (95% CI = 19% to 47%) citing media and 16% (95% CI = 7% to 30%) citing both as sources of this fear.
Conclusions
One in eight of UDLI presenting to the ED express fear of discovery and consequent deportation. Belief that medical staff report UDLI and recent immigration are risk factors for this fear. Family, friends, and media are the primary sources of these concerns.
Resumen
El Miedo a Ser Descubierto entre los Inmigrantes Latinos que Acuden al Servicio de Urgencias
Objetivos
La obligación según la legislación actual de denunciar a los inmigrantes indocumentados puede infundirles miedo a ser descubiertos cuando acuden al servicio de urgencias (SU). El objetivo fue caracterizar: 1) el miedo a ser descubierto entre los inmigrantes latinos indocumentados (ILI) que acude al SU; 2) qué pacientes ILI tienen miedo a lo que ocurrirá; y 3) las fuentes de este miedo.
Metodología
Éste fue un estudio transversal en ILI, y comparativo con otros dos grupos llevado a cabo en dos SU de California desde noviembre de 2009 a agosto de 2010. Se entrevistó a una muestra de conveniencia de adultos ILI, residentes latinos legales (RLL) y residentes no latinos legales (RNLL), mediante un instrumento estructurado en su lengua nativa. El resultado principal fue el miedo a ser descubierto entre los ILI y las fuentes de ese miedo.
Resultados
De los 1.224 pacientes propuestos, se entrevistó a 1007 (82,3%): 314 ILI, 373 RLL y 320 RNLL. La mediana de edad fue de 43 años (RIC 31–55 años) y el 51% fue de sexo masculino. Los ILI tenían menor probabilidad de hablar inglés (14%, IC 95% = 10% a 18%), de tener seguro sanitario (39%, IC 95% = 32% a 44%) o de tener un médico de atención primaria (MAP) permanente (39%, IC 95% = 34% a 45%) comparado con los RLL (inglés 56%, IC 95% = 51% a 61%; seguro sanitario 50%, IC 95% = 45% a 55%; MAP permanente 51%, IC 95% = 46% a 57%), y los RNLL (inglés 95%, IC 95% = 92% a 97%; seguro sanitario 49%, IC 95% = 43% a 54%; MAP permanente 51%, IC 95% = 45% a 56%). Del 16% de ILI que indicaron que los enfermeros y los médicos trataron a los pacientes inmigrantes indocumentados de forma distinta que a los ciudadanos, el 41% (IC95% = 29% a 54%) señaló un menor respeto hacia los ILI por parte del personal. Un 32% de ILI ha oído hablar de la Proposición 187; un 13% pensó que el personal de hospital informó de su condición de ILI a las autoridades de inmigración; y el 9% dijo que había sido preguntado por su ciudadanía. El miedo a venir al hospital a causa de ser descubierto se expresó por el 12% (95% IC = 9% a 16%) de los ILI, el 42% (IC 95% = 28% a 58%) mencionó conversaciones con familiares/amigos, el 32% (IC95% = 19% a 47%) citó los medios y el 16% (IC 95% = 7% a 30%) mencionó ambos como fuentes de su miedo.
Conclusiones
Uno de cada ocho de la condición de ILI que acudieron al SU expresó miedo a ser descubierto y a la consecuente deportación. La creencia que el personal médico informe de ILI y la inmigración reciente son factores de riesgo para este miedo. La familia, los amigos y los medios son las fuentes principales de estas preocupaciones.
We study electron transport through C(60) molecules in the Kondo regime using a mechanically controllable break junction. By varying the electrode spacing, we are able to change both the width and ...the height of the Kondo resonance, indicating modification of the Kondo temperature and the relative strength of coupling to the two electrodes. The linear conductance as a function of T/T(K) agrees with the scaling function expected for the spin-1/2 Kondo problem. We are also able to tune finite-bias Kondo features which appear at the energy of the first C(60) intracage vibrational mode.
There is evidence of the effects of exposure to workplace bullying on victims who may manifest symptoms of depression, anxiety, burnout, somatization, sleep difficulties, and posttraumatic stress; ...however, few studies have examined the impact of workplace bullying on suicidal ideation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and suicidal ideation and how feelings of defeat and entrapment mediate this relationship. Also, it was intended to examine how rumination moderates this relationship. As a framework, it was used the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model of Suicide Behavior (IMV) in which has been integrated several theoretical models of suicide. A total of 898 employed subjects participated in this cross-sectional design study. To examine the hypotheses, PLS-SEM model was used using the SMART-PLS program. Exposure to workplace bullying,defeat and entrapment were positively and significantly related to suicidal ideation. Meanwhile,feelings of defeat and entrapment mediated the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and suicidal ideation and rumination moderated the relation between exposure to workplace bullying and feelings defeat. The results of the present study have both theoretical and practical implications, among which we can mention that results support and expand the IMV model of suicidal behavior. The exposure to workplace bullying brings a challenge for the psychologists in the occupational health context, and human resources practitioners in the management of this phenomenon in organizations to prevent it and in a worst case scenario, to respond in an effective manner due to its individual and organizational impact.
We present high-quality VLT-FLAMES optical spectroscopy of the nebular gas in the giant star-forming region 30 Doradus. In this paper, the first of a series, we introduce our observations and discuss ...the main kinematic features of 30 Dor, as revealed by the spectroscopy of the ionized gas in the region. The primary data set consists of regular grid of nebular observations, which we used to produce a spectroscopic datacube of 30 Dor, centered on the massive star cluster R136 and covering a field-of-view of 10′ × 10′. The main emission lines present in the datacube are from Hα and Nii λλ6548, 6584. The Hα emission-line profile varies across the region from simple single-peaked emission to complex, multiple-component profiles, suggesting that different physical mechanisms are acting on the excited gas. To analyse the gas kinematics we fit Gaussian profiles to the observed Hα features. Unexpectedly, the narrowest Hα profile in our sample lies close to the supernova remnant 30 Dor B. We present maps of the velocity field and velocity dispersion across 30 Dor, finding five previously unclassified expanding structures. These maps highlight the kinematic richness of 30 Dor (e.g. supersonic motions), which will be analysed in future papers.
Kinematics of galaxies in compact groups Torres-Flores, S.; Mendes de Oliveira, C.; Amram, P. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
10/2010, Letnik:
521
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We obtained new Fabry-Perot data cubes and derived velocity fields, monochromatic, and velocity dispersion maps for 28 galaxies in the Hickson compact groups 37, 40, 47, 49, 54, 56, 68, 79, and 93. ...We also derived rotation curves for 9 of the studied galaxies, 6 of which are strongly asymmetric. Combining these new data with previously published 2D kinematic maps of compact group galaxies, we investigated the differences between the kinematic and morphological position angles for a sample of 46 galaxies. We find that one third of the unbarred compact group galaxies have position angle misalignments between the stellar and gaseous components. This and the asymmetric rotation curves are clear signatures of kinematic perturbations, probably because of interactions among compact group galaxies. A comparison between the B-band Tully-Fisher relation for compact group galaxies and for the GHASP field-galaxy sample shows that, despite the high fraction of compact group galaxies with asymmetric rotation curves, these lay on the TF relation defined by galaxies in less dense environments, although with more scatter. This agrees with previous results, but now confirmed for a larger sample of 41 galaxies. We confirm the tendency for compact group galaxies at the low-mass end of the Tully-Fisher relation (HCG 49b, 89d, 96c, 96d, and 100c) to have either a magnitude that is too bright for its mass (suggesting brightening by star formation) and/or a low maximum rotational velocity for its luminosity (suggesting tidal stripping). These galaxies are outside the Tully Fisher relation at the 1σ level, even when the minimum acceptable values of inclinations are used to compute their maximum velocities. Including such galaxies with v < 100 km s-1 in the determination of the zero point and slope of the compact group B-band Tully-Fisher relation would strongly change the fit, making it different from the relation for field galaxies, which has to be kept in mind when studying scaling relations of interacting galaxies, especially at high redshifts.
Senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are hallmark pathologies accompanying the neurodegeneration involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide is a ...major constituent of SPs. Our laboratories previously developed the hydrophobic, fluorescent molecular-imaging probe 2-(1-(6-(2-(18)Ffluoroethyl)(methyl)amino-2-naphthyl)ethylidene)malononitrile ((18)FFDDNP), which crosses the blood-brain barrier and determines the localization and load of SPs and NFTs in vivo in AD patients. In this report, we used fluorimetric and radioactive binding assays to determine the binding affinities of FDDNP and its analog, 1-(6-(2-(18)Ffluoroethyl)(methyl)aminonaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone ((18)FFENE), to synthetic fibrils of Abeta(1-40). FDDNP and FENE both appeared to bind to two kinetically distinguishable binding sites on Abeta(1-40) fibrils. Fluorescence titrations yielded apparent K(d) values of 0.12 and 0.16 nm for high-affinity binding sites for FDDNP and FENE, respectively, and apparent K(d) values of 1.86 and 71.2 nm for the low-affinity binding sites. The traditional radioactive binding assays also produced apparent K(d) values in the low nanomolar range. The presence of two kinetically distinguishable binding sites for FDDNP and FENE suggests multiple binding sites for SPs and identifies the parameters that allow for the structural optimization of this family of probes for in vivo use. The high-affinity binding of the probes to multiple binding sites on fibrils are consistent with results obtained with digital autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, and confocal fluorescence microscopy using human brain specimens of AD patients.
ABSTRACT
The Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) is imaging ∼9300 deg2 of the celestial sphere in 12 optical bands using a dedicated 0.8 m robotic telescope, the T80-South, at the ...Cerro Tololo Inter-american Observatory, Chile. The telescope is equipped with a 9.2k × 9.2k e2v detector with 10 $\rm {\mu m}$ pixels, resulting in a field of view of 2 deg2 with a plate scale of 0.55 arcsec pixel−1. The survey consists of four main subfields, which include two non-contiguous fields at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 30°, 8000 deg2) and two areas of the Galactic Disc and Bulge (for an additional 1300 deg2). S-PLUS uses the Javalambre 12-band magnitude system, which includes the 5 ugriz broad-band filters and 7 narrow-band filters centred on prominent stellar spectral features: the Balmer jump/OII, Ca H + K, H δ, G band, Mg b triplet, H α, and the Ca triplet. S-PLUS delivers accurate photometric redshifts (δz/(1 + z) = 0.02 or better) for galaxies with r < 19.7 AB mag and z < 0.4, thus producing a 3D map of the local Universe over a volume of more than $1\, (\mathrm{Gpc}/h)^3$. The final S-PLUS catalogue will also enable the study of star formation and stellar populations in and around the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, as well as searches for quasars, variable sources, and low-metallicity stars. In this paper we introduce the main characteristics of the survey, illustrated with science verification data highlighting the unique capabilities of S-PLUS. We also present the first public data release of ∼336 deg2 of the Stripe 82 area, in 12 bands, to a limiting magnitude of r = 21, available at datalab.noao.edu/splus.
BackgroundInfliximab is one of the most widely used alternatives in ulcerative colitis (UC). The recent appearance of a biosimilar makes it necessary to assess its use.PurposeTo assess the ...effectiveness and safety of biosimilar infliximab in patients with UC.Material and methodsRetrospective observational study performed in a tertiary hospital. Patients included were those with UC who were being treated with Remicade and then switched to Remsima (biosimilar infliximab) from March to June 2015.Effectiveness and safety were assessed 3 months after the switch. The following variables were collected: age, sex, concomitant therapy, disease classification according to the Montreal Scale (severity and extention) in UC, effectiveness and adverse effects. Effectiveness was measured using the True-Love-Witts Scale and C reactive protein (CRP) levels before and 3 months after the switch. Safety was assessed by collecting all adverse events that occurred during treatment.Results25 patients were included, 52% were women with an average age of 45 years (21–71). At inclusion, 20% of patients were treated concomitantly with corticosteroids and 36% with azathioprine/mercaptopurine. According to the Montreal Scale, 28% of patients had an extension level of E2, 72% had E3 and none had E1. On the other hand, the severity variable was distributed as follows: 8% of patients S0, 32% S1, 48% S2 and 12% S3. At baseline, 23 patients had stabilised disease and 2 had minor outbreaks. Effectiveness was assessed in 12 patients who were reviewed 3 months after the switch. One patient had a minor outbreak at the beginning and no clinical change occurred after the use of the biosimilar. As for the remaining evaluated patients, 8 maintained the same Tru-Love-Witts score and 4 had a decrease. There was no clinically relevant increase in CRP. No adverse events were detected after the switch.ConclusionDespite being a preliminary assessment with just a few patients, initial data showed that the switch to an infliximab biosimilar did not represent a decrease in effectivenees and/or safety in patient with UC.Long term assessment of these patients is required to confirm these results.No conflict of interest.
PDF
