Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) enables non-invasive, molecule-specific imaging of the internal structure and dynamics of cells with sub-diffraction limit spatial resolution. One of its major ...limitations is the requirement for high-intensity illumination, generating considerable cellular phototoxicity. This factor considerably limits the capacity for live-cell observations, particularly for extended periods of time. Here, we give an overview of new developments in hardware, software and probe chemistry aiming to reduce phototoxicity. Additionally, we discuss how the choice of biological model and sample environment impacts the capacity for live-cell observations.
SRRF: Universal live-cell super-resolution microscopy Culley, Siân; Tosheva, Kalina L.; Matos Pereira, Pedro ...
The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology,
August 2018, 2018-08-00, 20180801, Letnik:
101
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
•SRRF is a purely analytical super-resolution microscopy approach available as an open-source easy-to-use plugin for ImageJ.•SRRF is compatible with any fluorophore, including conventional ...fluorescent proteins such as GFP.•SRRF can be used to retrieve super-resolution information from most common fluorescence microscopes.
Super-resolution microscopy techniques break the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopy to achieve resolutions approaching tens of nanometres. The major advantage of such techniques is that they provide resolutions close to those obtainable with electron microscopy while maintaining the benefits of light microscopy such as a wide palette of high specificity molecular labels, straightforward sample preparation and live-cell compatibility. Despite this, the application of super-resolution microscopy to dynamic, living samples has thus far been limited and often requires specialised, complex hardware. Here we demonstrate how a novel analytical approach, Super-Resolution Radial Fluctuations (SRRF), is able to make live-cell super-resolution microscopy accessible to a wider range of researchers. We show its applicability to live samples expressing GFP using commercial confocal as well as laser- and LED-based widefield microscopes, with the latter achieving long-term timelapse imaging with minimal photobleaching.
This review focuses on the synthesis, crystallization mechanism, and application of colloidal zeolites. The synthesis formulations and features of different zeolite-type structures prepared in ...nanosized form are summarized. Special attention is paid to zeolites prepared as stable colloidal suspensions. Next, new insights into zeolite crystallization mechanism gained by using colloidal zeolites as model systems are discussed. Further, the methods for deposition of zeolite nanocrystals from suspensions onto supports of different shapes and compositions used for the fabrication of zeolite films and membranes are reviewed. The use of colloidal zeolites for the fabrication of hierarchical macrostructures is also described. Other uses of nanozeolites for the preparation of functionalized materials, for the synthesis of mesoporous silicas of improved hydrothermal stability, and as seeds for zeolite syntheses are illustrated. The emerging applications of nanozeolites in sensing, optoelectronics, and medicine constitute another topic in this review. Finally, some future trends in the area are envisaged.
BackgroundSarcopenia is a syndrome, considered one of the main risk factors for morbidity and mortality among adults. Thyrotoxicosis may contribute to its development.AimTo assess the physical ...well-being among women with thyrotoxicosis and to determine the risk of sarcopenia among them; 13 women over 40 years of age with thyrotoxicosis took part in this study.Materials and MethodsGrip strength was used to assess muscle strength. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass, adjusted for body size was used to asses muscle quantity. Physical performance was measured by gait speed test. We divided women in groups: group A - patients with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis and group B - patients who had started treatment.ResultsThe values of muscle strength, muscle mass and gait speed were lower in group A compared to group B. Three of the patients in group A were diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. Thus the frequency of sarcopenia was 50% in this group. None of the women in group B met the criteria for sarcopenia.Despite the small number of women in this study, we can conclude that untreated thyrotoxicosis is a risk factor for decreased muscle strength, quantity and physical performance and could cause secondary sarcopenia.
The restrictive measures have greatly affected sports life and sporting events in the country. Therefore, we conducted a survey among students from the athletics team of UNWE with the purpose to ...determine their attitude to the training process, their participation in competitions in a pandemic environment. The survey contained 10 questions and was conducted through the electronic platform for distance learning of UNWE. It was attended by 30 students - 15 women and 15 men. The results of the survey were processed mathematically and statistically. The analysis of the results shows that the needs of students for training activities are growing significantly, as over 75% of the women respondents and 85% of the men respondents need training and train more than three times a week. All athletes from the team give an unequivocal answer that with the opening of the stadiums they have managed to conduct quality training and the state of emergency has not had a detrimental effect on their sports form. The results provide us with the reason to conclude that the athletes are motivated and accept calmly the coming competitions; realize the importance of the sports activities for overcoming their physical and psychic problem.
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•The maximum amount of water to successfully form zeolite from fly ash via alkaline fusion was determined.•Five metals were simultaneously adsorbed in a single step ...process.•Adsorption selectivity decreased in the order: Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II).•Similar levels of each of the five metals were present on the zeolite after adsorption.
This study reports the potential for the simultaneous removal of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by FAU-type zeolites prepared from coal fly ash. The zeolite synthesis route was via alkaline fusion followed by the addition of deionised water and hydrothermal treatment using fly ash to water mass ratios of 4, 10, 15, and 20. XRD, XRF, SEM and N2 adsorption measurements were used to characterize the prepared zeolites. Adsorption experiments were carried out for variations in concentration, time, and adsorbent loading. The adsorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm; intra particle diffusion model fitting indicated that diffusion within the pores affected the rate controlling steps and mass transfer across boundary layers for the adsorbate – adsorbent system. The efficacy of FAU – type zeolite for the quinary-metal ions adsorption studied decreased in the order Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II).
This study reports the seeded synthesis of MFI‐type (ZSM‐5) zeolite in fluoride medium at pH = 8.5. Crystal growth kinetics of the resulting zeolite (ZSM‐5‐F) as a function of seed content and ...crystallization temperature is studied. The crystallization time is reduced to 1.5 h and crystals with sizes below 200 nm and a Si/Al ratio of 23.6 are obtained. A zeolite with similar characteristics but synthesized in a hydroxyl medium (ZSM‐5‐OH) is used to evaluate ZSM‐5s synthesized in different crystallization media. Their physicochemical properties are compared and particular attention is paid to the nature, number, and distribution of silanol sites. The two zeolites exhibit similar number of Brφnsted acid sites; however the material synthesized in a hydroxyl medium contains a substantially larger number of surface and internal silanols that impact significantly its catalytic performance in methanol to hydrocarbon transformation. While the two materials exhibit similar selectivity in methanol transformations, the catalyst synthesized in fluoride medium shows superior activity and resistance to deactivation. The results suggest that seeded synthesis in a fluoride medium can be used for the preparation of superior zeolite catalysts.
Nanosized ZSM‐5 crystals are synthesized in a fluoride medium. Their intrinsic characteristics are compared with those of counterpart nanocrystals obtained in a hydroxyl medium. The catalytic performance of the two materials in methanol conversion is studied and the results are related to the effect of the synthesis conditions on the zeolite properties.
Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has become essential for the study of nanoscale biological processes. This type of imaging often requires the use of specialised image analysis tools to process a ...large volume of recorded data and extract quantitative information. In recent years, our team has built an open-source image analysis framework for SRM designed to combine high performance and ease of use. We named it NanoJ-a reference to the popular ImageJ software it was developed for. In this paper, we highlight the current capabilities of NanoJ for several essential processing steps: spatio-temporal alignment of raw data (NanoJ-Core), super-resolution image reconstruction (NanoJ-SRRF), image quality assessment (NanoJ-SQUIRREL), structural modelling (NanoJ-VirusMapper) and control of the sample environment (NanoJ-Fluidics). We expect to expand NanoJ in the future through the development of new tools designed to improve quantitative data analysis and measure the reliability of fluorescent microscopy studies.
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