The results of some empirical studies within the EU determining the relationship between the achieved level of economic development and the specific economic structure on the one hand and the ...magnitude of intra-regional differences on the other are presented and analysed. Based on comparative analysis, the expected evolution of the regional disparities in Bulgaria are defined. The possibilities for pursuing a targeted policy for achieving regional economic convergence have been assessed.
A critical review of neoclassical and new economic theories on their correspondence to empirical results for economic development has been made. In the light of these theories, three leading ...hypotheses for convergence have been considered -- "unconditional β-convergence", "conditional β-convergence" and "club convergence". An assessment was made, for the existence of economic convergence in the EU countries at different levels EU-28, EU-15 and the new member states of Central and Eastern Europe, for the period 2007 - 2017 Based on the obtained results, some summaries and conclusions are made.
The ability of an economy to adapt to changing economic conditions through the implementation of structural changes is linked to its ability to effectively generate economic growth. The need to know ...the intensity and direction of favourable structural changes is of key importance for achieving their high efficiency. In the article, a critical analysis of the different structural economic policies is made, taking into account the consequences of implementing the ones that are not in line with the real economic circumstances. Examples of so-called premature deindustrialisation as a result of inadequate structural policy are also considered. In conclusion, the vision of the role of the state in the conduct of a structural economic policy to achieve favourable economic results is presented.
Our previous study has shown that individuals with untreated hypothyroidism display significantly higher partial error scores (
) along the blue-yellow axis compared to the red-green axis than normal ...individuals using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test J. Opt. Soc. Am. A37, A18 (2020)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.382390. We wished to determine how color discrimination may change when hypothyroidism has been treated to the point of euthyroidism. Color discrimination was reassessed for 17 female individuals who had undergone treatment for hypothyroidism, and the results were compared with 22 female individuals without thyroid dysfunction. No statistically significant difference was found in the total error score (
) for the first and second measurements for both groups (
>0.45). The
for the hypothyroid group improved significantly in the previously impaired color regions after the treatment. Color discrimination defects found in untreated hypothyroidism can be negated with treatment of the condition over an appropriate time period.
This article analyzes the ability of the economies of Albania, Bulgaria, and Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYR of Macedonia) to respond positively and to adapt their structures to the new ...economic environment to face the level of international competition. Various economic indicators are used to present a picture of economic evolution and structural adjustment over time. The conformity to changing conditions of the structural composition is analyzed at several levels of aggregation, including the structure of GDP and employment; main economics sectors; industrial value added and employment, as well as export and import composition. Also analyzed are differences between the structure of manufacturing of the South East European countries (Albania, Bulgaria, FYR of Macedonia, and Greece) and the other Central European countries, as well as certain European Union countries. The differences and commonalities among the South East European countries (SEECs) are outlined. The article discusses the potential benefits of a policy of regional cooperation within SEE, focusing on the benefits from the development of the industrial sector, which has played a crucial role in the recent performance of SEE. Possible future scenarios and prospects are also analyzed in the light of current problems. Finally, an attempt is made to draw some conclusions and note some policy implications regarding future prospects of SEE and the region.
The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of the economic performance, economic structure and trade relations of the Balkan countries, in order to detect basic ...trends and developments in the region. On the basis of this analysis, the article evaluates alternative scenarios regarding the prospects of the region in the evolving pan‐European economic order and discusses policy responses to the pressures generated by the interaction of the integration and transition processes in South‐eastern Europe.
Le but de cet article est de fournir une analyse comparative compréhensive de la performance et de la structure économiques et des relations commerciales des États balkaniques afin de détecter les tendances et les d?...veloppements fondamentaux dans la région. Sur la base de cette analyse, cet article évalue différents scénarios pour l’avenir de la région dans l’ordre économique paneuropéen qui se développe lentement, et discute des réponses politiques aux pressions engendrées par l’action mutuelle des processus d’intégration et de transition en Europe du sud‐est.
This article examines the current status, limits, prospects, and policies of cross-border cooperation in the border zone of Albania, Bulgaria, FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), and ...Greece on the basis of a survey sample of 291 manufacturing firms located near the borders in all four countries. The analysis suggests that border region firms have a higher level of interaction than the respective average national firms in all countries and that trade relations and economic cooperation eventually depend on the level of specialization and the size of the markets. It also suggests that barriers to cooperation are important and can negatively affect the performance of border region firms. Overall, firms are less concerned about the quality of infrastructure and more concerned about the general or the financial conditions prevailing in each country, indicating that the best policy for cross-border cooperation, rather than improvements in infrastructure, may be the development of the economies in the region and the improvements in their economic environment.
At the end of the 20th century, Bulgaria entered a deep demographic crisis. After 1989, a stable population decrease is evident as a result of the negative natural growth & emigration processes. This ...crisis is influencing the entire socioeconomic development of the country. The study analyzes the ongoing demographic & migration processes in Bulgaria. Different aspects of migration processes are examined -- reasons for emigration, illegal emigration, emigration by ethnic groups, etc. An attempt is made to outline the interrelations between emigration processes & socioeconomic development, noting the influence of regional disparities. Conclusions & policy implications are offered. 9 Tables, 17 References. Adapted from the source document.
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