In this paper, we present new observations on the nonlinear dielectric and magnetic properties of Mn-doped 0.8BaTiO
3
–0.2BaZrO
3
compounds. The complex magnetic properties of the 0.8BaTiO
3
...–0.2BaZrO
3
compounds strongly depended on the Mn dopant amount. The pure 0.8BaTiO
3
–0.2BaZrO
3
compounds exhibited diamagnetism tailored with weak ferromagnetism, which changed to typical ferromagnetism after the introduction of Mn dopants and end-off compensative ferromagnetism versus antiferromagnetism-like and/or paramagnetism. The addition of Mn impurities to the 0.8BaTiO
3
–0.2BaZrO
3
compounds considerably influenced the ferroelectric properties of the host materials. The findings of this study are expected to create new green multiferroic materials for smart electronic devices.
The paper analyzes focus group data to explore student perceptions of an inquiry-based undergraduate biology course. Though the course was designed to mimic the scientific process by incorporating ...uncertainty, peer review, and self-reflection, students came to class focused on getting As and with a developed schema for didactic instruction and passive learning. They perceived the autonomy and self-directedness of the learning experience as a threat to their grades, and responded with strategies that protected their grades and ego, but were deleterious to learning. Students could identify merits of the inquiry-based approach; however, they made clear: they prioritized grades, and were unwilling to trust an unfamiliar pedagogy if they perceived it jeopardized their grades. In the framework of self-regulated learning, the discussion considers how to scaffold students to foreground learning over achievement.
In this single case study, we explore how four preservice math teachers developed their self-efficacy through a peer tutoring experience in a college math lab. Using pre- post self-efficacy ...assessments, faculty observations, researcher observations, faculty interviews, and interviews with the preservice teachers themselves, our analysis describes how reflection alongside vicarious experience, mastery experience, social persuasion, and psychological arousal supported self-efficacy development in the preservice teachers. We find that within the self-efficacy framework, social persuasion and psychological arousal were embedded in direct experience, and that different types of experiences spurred the preservice teachers to reflect on different aspects of their role. Our study suggests opportunities to cultivate teacher self-efficacy, self-awareness, and reflection through early field experiences.
The leadership of Senior International Officers is prevalent in guiding campus internationalisation efforts forward. This research is a part of a larger study exploring the role of Senior ...International Officers (SIO) at the California State University (CSU) system, specifically their unique leadership in the internationalisation initiatives on campus. The focus of the manuscript is on the SIO past experiences. The findings of the study provide insight into the position of SIOs specifically: who they are, why they went into the field, and why they decided to stay.
Molecular communications is emerging as a technique to support coordination in nanonetworking, particularly in biochemical systems. In complex biochemical systems such as in the human body, it is not ...always possible to view the molecular communication link in isolation as chemicals in the system may react with chemicals used for the purpose of communication. There are two consequences: either the performance of the molecular communication link is reduced; or the molecular link disrupts the function of the biochemical system. As such, it is important to establish conditions when the molecular communication link can coexist with a biochemical system. In this paper, we develop a framework to establish coexistence conditions based on the theory of chemical reaction networks. We then specialize our framework in two settings: an enzyme-aided molecular communication system; and a low-rate molecular communication system near a biochemical system. In each case, we prove sufficient conditions to ensure coexistence.
Résumé: En France, la coloscopie est l’examen de référence pour mettre en évidence les anomalies de la muqueuse colorectale. Elle permet également l’exérèse des polypes et participe ainsi à la ...prévention du cancer colorectal (CCR). On distingue trois groupes de populations dont le risque de CCR diffère: le risque moyen, le risque élevé et le risque très élevé. Les indications de coloscopie dans ces différents groupes sont bien codifiées. Dans la population à risque moyen, elle cible les personnes symptomatiques ou ayant un test Hémoccult II positif. Dans les populations à risque élevé et très élevé, elle repose principalement sur les recommandations Anaes 2004. Aux états-Unis, les modalités sont différentes pour la population à risque moyen à qui on propose d’emblée une coloscopie. En Europe, il existe une grande hétérogénéité de pratique entre les différents pays.
Abstract: In France, the colonoscopy is the standard examination to evaluate the colorectal mucosa. Three population groups with a different risk of colorectal cancer can be considered: the average-risk patients, the high level group and the very high level group. The indications of colonoscopy are standardized in each group. In the average-risk patients, colonoscopy is realized if the faecal blood test is positive or if there is digestive symptom. In the high level and the very high level groups, the indications of colonoscopy depend mainly on the ANAES 2004 recommendations. In the United States, colonoscopy is proposed in first intention for the average-risk patients. At the opposite, in Europe, the faecal blood test is recommended in first intention but there is a lot of heterogeneity between the different countries.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) affect psychological, family, social and professional dimensions of patients' life, leading to disability which is essential to quantify as part of Patient-Reported ...Outcomes (PROs) newly included in the targets to reach in IBD patients. Up to now, the IBD-Disability Index (IBD-DI) was the only validated tool to assess disability, but it is not appropriate for use in clinical practice. The IBD Disk was developed, a shortened and self-administered tool, adapted from the IBD-DI, in order to give immediate representation of patient-reported disability. However, the IBD Disk has not been validated yet in clinical practice. The aims of the VALIDate study are to validate this tool in a large population of IBD patients and to compare it to the already validated IBD-DI.
The VALIDate study is an ongoing multicentric prospective cohort study launched in April 2018 in 3 French University Hospitals (Nantes, Rennes, Angers), with an objective to reach a sample of 400 patients over a period inclusion of 6 months. Each patient will fill in the two questionnaires IBD Disk and IBD-DI at baseline, then between 3 and 12 months later, during a follow-up visit. Clinical and socio-demographic data will also be collected. During these two consultations, gastroenterologists and patients will evaluate disease activity thanks to a semi-quantitative 4-grade scale, named respectively PGA (Physician Global Assessment) and PtGA (Patient Global Assessment). This cohort will allow to evaluate the validity of the IBD Disk with respect to the IBD-DI in order to generalize its use for clinical practice. Other psychometric criteria of the IBD Disk will also be analysed as its reliability or its discriminant capacity. Close attention will nonetheless be needed to minimize the number of lost to follow-up patients between baseline and follow-up.
The VALIDate study is the study designed to validate the IBD Disk, a visual tool easily useable in daily practice to assess disability in IBD patients. The results of this trial should enable the diffusion of this tool.
The trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov with registration number NCT03590639. First posted: July 18, 2018.
This paper studies a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system where its access points (APs) and users are equipped with multiple antennas. Two transmission protocols are ...considered. In the first transmission protocol, there are no downlink pilots, while in the second transmission protocol, downlink pilots are proposed in order to improve the system performance. In both transmission protocols, the users use the minimum mean-squared error-based successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) scheme to detect the desired signals. For the analysis, we first derive a general spectral efficiency formula with arbitrary side information at the users. Then analytical expressions for the spectral efficiency of different transmission protocols are derived. To improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of the system, max-min fairness power control (PC) is applied for the first protocol by using the closed-form expression of its SE. Due to the computation complexity of deriving the closed-form performance expression of SE for the second protocol, we apply the optimal power coefficients of the first protocol to the second protocol. Numerical results show that two protocols combining with multi-antenna users are prerequisites to achieve the sub-optimal SE regardless of the number of user in the system.
Summary
Background
We recently showed that vedolizumab is effective in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) with prior anti‐TNF failure in a multicentre compassionate ...early‐access programme before marketing authorisation was granted to vedolizumab.
Aims
To assess effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab at week 54 in patients UC and CD.
Methods
Between June and December 2014, 173 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 121 with ulcerative colitis (UC) were treated with vedolizumab induction therapy. Among those 294 patients, 272 completed the induction period and were evaluated at the week 14 visit (161 patients with CD and 111 with UC). Disease activity was assessed using the Harvey‐Bradshaw Index for CD and the partial Mayo Clinic score for UC. The primary outcome was steroid‐free clinical remission at week 54.
Results
At week 54, steroid‐free clinical remission rates at week 54 were 27.2% and 40.5% in patients with CD and UC respectively. In addition, the sustained steroid‐free clinical remission (from week 14 to week 54) rates were 8.1% and 19.0% respectively. No deaths were observed. Severe adverse events occurred in 17 (7.2%) patients, including six (2.5%) leading to vedolizumab discontinuation.
Conclusion
Vedolizumab is able to maintain steroid‐free clinical remission in up to one‐third of patients with UC and CD at week 54 with a reasonable safety profile. A significant number of patients experienced loss of response during the first year of treatment, particularly in patients with CD.
Linked ContentThis article is linked to Speight and Mansfield papers. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14215.
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