Na sliki 1 so poleg na novo vpisanih mejnikov, ki so označeni z modrim krogcem in številko EID (enotna identifikacija dediščine), z belim krogcem označeni že predhodno vpisani mejniki, pri teh je ...številka EID v oklepaju. Na podlagi EID-številke lahko mejnike poiščete na interaktivni karti kulturne dediščine https://geohub.gov.si/ghapp/giskd/. V preglednici 1 podajamo za deset novih vpisov v Register nepremične kulturne dediščine EID-številke in kratek opis mejnikov. Kot primer omenimo le lokacijo mejnika iz leta 1819 na Križen drevu (EID 1-31012), ki je po urbarju iz let 1574-1576 izpričano opredeljevala mejo švarceneške gospoščine že pred skoraj petsto leti (Potokar, 2005)! Za vpis smo predlagali le izbrane izjemne primere mejnikov iz tega dela Slovenije, ne pa vseh mejnikov iz obdobja franciscejske zemljiškokatastrske izmere, ki jih tod v naravi še vedno lahko najdemo.
Various possibilities for collecting volunteer-provided geographical information in geodesy make it possible to engage volunteers for different purposes. In this paper, a study of the willingness of ...volunteers to report changes on topographic maps based on an online survey is presented. The survey was answered by 653 Slovenian respondents who use various online or classic topographic maps in their free time or at work and are willing to report their knowledge of changes in space or errors in maps to the map-updating institution. The survey's main finding is that 56% of respondents would use any online application to report changes on maps, 38% of respondents would prefer to report changes via email, and only 4% of respondents would prefer to report changes by phone. We also analysed the potential use of different functionalities of a web application for collecting changes and found that the most important functionalities for volunteers are those that give the most in-depth feedback (i.e., that a contribution has been submitted, that it is being verified, that it has been considered, that it has been deleted). The willingness of potential volunteers to use the various proposed functionalities also frequently depends on their current involvement with social networking sites or in volunteer associations and on their age group.
The borders of the cadastral municipalities that are still valid today are, in many cases, based on much older landowners’ borders of feudal lordships. Thus, in central Slovenia, in the forests below ...Mount Krim, we find the old boundary marks representing today’s cadastral municipality of Preserje, based on the former border between the Carthusia Bistra and the Ig estate from 1726. The main purpose of this paper is to present the current state of the preserved boundary marks along this border. The preserved boundary marks are about 80 cm high, have carved sequential letters, the year 1726 and coats of arms of the Carthusia Bistra and the earls Engelshaus (the owners of the Ig estate at that time). In 1748, this boundary was adopted as the boundary between the Notranjska (Inner) and the Gorenjska (Upper) districts of the Carniola region in the Habsburg Monarchy. As part of the Franciscan cadastral survey in 1823, this border was used as the border of cadastral municipalities, and it has retained this role until today. On the Franciscan cadastral maps, we find eleven locations numbered with the year 1726 and the consecutive letter from B to M. Today, at these locations, we can still find two original boundary marks decorated with coats of arms and the year 1726, two destroyed original boundary marks and three probably later replaced boundary marks without inscriptions and coats of arms. We also examined locations on the even older eastern border of the Carthusia Bistra, on which today mainly only post-war trigonometric points of lower orders can be found; only on the Smrekovec hill under Rakitna did we find another older boundary mark without additional inscriptions or coats of arms.
An analysis of the present-day geodetic marks representing trigonometric points of the 2nd and 3rd order was carried out in the area of Slovenia that was part of the Kingdom of Italy between 1920 and ...1947. By reviewing topographies, photographs on hribi.net and sample field surveys, we identified, among the 52 2nd order points, 16 points that had the Italian type of geodetic marks and 6 points with even older types of geodetic marks, dating back to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. Among the 407 3rd order points, we identified 68 Italian geodetic marks and 15 even older ones. The so-called Italian type of geodetic mark can be recognised as a concrete pillar with a square or octagonal shape, about 1 m high, with a diameter of 40 to 70 cm. The even older geodetic marks are carved from natural stone. These often have the dual function of being a trigonometric point mark and a land cadastral mark, indicating the boundary of cadastral municipalities. We also investigated the eccentric metal target signals erected in 1996, and those between 1995 and 1997, which were an additional post- consolidation of the existing granite trigonometric marks installed after the Second World War. Finally, we highlight the potential of these old geodetic marks in the design and planning of new measurements in the future.
Various geodetic and lidar measurements performed on the Triglav Glacier (Julian Alps, Slovenia) make it possible to study not only the extent of the glacier but also changes in its thickness and ...volume. These measurements also make it possible to calculate the geodetic mass balance of the glacier. Thickness and volume changes were calculated using glacier area measurements from 1952, 1975, and 1992, and annually between 1999 and 2016. The mean thickness decreased from 39.2m in 1952 to 2.45m in 2012. The maximum thickness decreased from 48.3 m in 1952 to 5.2 m in 2007. The mean specific mass balance was calculated for the area of 1 hectare that the glacier covered in 2016. From 1952 to 2016, the annual specific mass balance was −0.45m w.e.a−1.
The Skuta Glacier in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps (in northern Slovenia) is one of the two remaining glaciers in Slovenia. It is located in a cirque oriented toward the northwest, which shields it from ...sunlight for most of the year. The glacier lies at an average elevation of 2070m. In recent years, its average area has measured around 1.5 hectares. Monitoring of the glacier has been performed since 1946. In 1962, regular photographing of the glacier with various cameras started from various non-fixed standpoints. Using the single image interactive orientation acquisition method, in which a single photograph is compared with the projection of a modern digital terrain model, seventeen photographs covering the period from 1970 to 2015 were used to acquire the 3D-perimeters of the glacier. The data shows that the elevation of glacier’s upper edge decreased by approximately 40m in the last half-century. Changes in the glacier’s area and average upper edge elevation were compared with average annual temperature and maximum seasonal snow cover depth.
Outside the main mountain ranges and high North and South regions, individual isolated very small glaciers are the only glacier remnants and exceptional high-mountain active geomorphosites, which can ...be used to represent climate change consequences first hand to the local general public. The isolated, very small Triglav glacier in Slovenia was used to represent 3D glacier area changes for the period 1829–2016, together with long-term meteorological changes. Spatio-temporal changes of the glacier were derived mainly from old images and postcards with the help of interactive orientation (monoplotting), which enables the acquisition of a 3D glacier boundary from a single image by using a modern detailed digital elevation model. Very intuitive 3D visualisation was prepared, which shows the spatio-temporal changes of the glacier area, together with changes in average annual temperature and maximum annual snow depth. The last two are presented by colour palettes, where red colours represent stages when temperatures or maximum snow depths deviate from long-term averages in a negative way, meaning accelerating the glacier area reduction. Blue colours are used for stages when these parameters deviate from long-term averages in a positive way, meaning preserving the glacier area. From this 3D visualisation, one can easily recognise which meteorological parameter is the most important for the Triglav glacier preservation; this is the maximum annual snow depth. Such kind of 3D visualisation has a great potential for promotion of other active or evolving passive geomorphosites too.
Based on the laser point clouds of 240 individual trees that were also identified in the field, we developed decision trees to distinguish deciduous and coniferous trees and individual tree species: ...Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior. The volume of the upper part of the tree crown (height of 3 m) and the average intensity of the laser reflections were used as explanatory variables. There were four aerial laser datasets: May 2012, September 2012, March 2013 and July 2015. We found that the combination of the volume and the average intensity of the first three laser datasets was the most reliable for predicting the selected tree species (60% model performance). A slightly poorer model performance was obtained if only the average intensity of the first three datasets was used (54% model performance). The worst model performance was given by the intensities (31 % model performance) or the volumes (21 % model performance) of dataset 4, which represents the national laser scanning of Slovenia (LSS). The best performing was the deciduous and coniferous separation, which achieved 75% and 95% success based on the test data (combination of volume and average intensity of the first three laser datasets). Using only the LSS intensities, deciduous and coniferous trees could be separated with 81% success.
In this paper, the historical development context of the trigonometric network point types in Slovenia from 1810 onwards is presented. Examples of different trigonometric point types still seen in ...the field are shown, with regard to the institution that carried out the field marking of the specific state trigonometric network. The city trigonometric network of Ljubljana, which was established in 1955–1956, is also presented. Furthermore, triangulation and comparator bases are mentioned as well, which remain marked with permanent pillars. As examples of the oldest still-standing trigonometric points, the following are mentioned: 303 Veliki Javornik (2nd order) with the engraved year 1823 and 329 Limberk (2nd order) with the engraved year 1903.
In this paper we present 30 preserved boundary marks of the cadastral municipalities from the period of the Franciscan cadastral survey from 1818 to 1819, which we found in the vicinity of villages ...of Sežana, Lokev, Rodik, Markovščina and Materija in Slovenia. The studied boundary marks of the cadastral municipalities are 70 cm or more high, mostly with carved inscriptions, sometimes also with coats of arms, or have a form of isolated, larger rocks, which also have carved inscriptions. These boundary marks still mark the official boundaries of the cadastral municipalities today. But some of them also played a more important role in the past, as they marked the boundaries of the districts. Some once had a simultaneous cadastral and trigonometric role, and some still retain this dual role today. Quite a few of these boundary marks are linked to the preserved local oral tradition, associated with the Schwarzenegg estate of the Counts of Petazzi and various mythical monsters that guard the boundaries of the cadastral municipalities. With the help of two of them, Križen drev and Kokoš (Jermanec), we have discovered and proved, how the borders of the cadastral municipalities in this area date back at least to the 16th century. Therefore, we can consider the present-day boundaries of the cadastral municipalities in this area of Slovenia as one of the longest-lasting and preserved spatial division.
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