The present investigation was aimed to explore the potential of lactobacilli for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production, isolated from rumen fluid samples of lactating goats.
A total of 64 ...isolates of lactobacilli were isolated using MRS agar from rumen fluid of goats and further subjected to morphological and biochemical characterizations. Isolates found as Gram-positive, catalase negative rods were presumptively identified as Lactobacillus species and further confirmed by genus specific PCR. The phylogenetic tree was constructed from the nucleotide sequences using MEGA6.
Out of the 64 isolates, 23 isolates were observed positive for CLA production by linoleate isomerase (LAI) gene-based amplification and quantitatively by UV-spectrophotometric assay for the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) to CLA as well as gas chromatography-based assay. In all Lactobacillus species cis9, trans11 isomer was observed as the most predominant CLA isomer. These positive isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene-based PCR sequencing and identified to be different species of L. ingluviei (2), L. salivarius (2), L. curvatus (15) and L. sakei (4).
The findings of the present study concluded that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from ruminal fluid samples of goat have the potential to produce bioactive CLA and may be applied as direct fed microbial to enhance the nutraceutical value of animal food products.
The present study was conducted to assess the impact of non-encapsulated, air-dried microencapsulated, and lyophilized microencapsulated probiotics in indigenous cattle calves (Bos indicus). ...Twenty-four (5-7 days old) indigenous cattle calves were selected and assigned into four groups, with six calves in each as follows: control (CON), fed milk and basal diet alone, and treatment groups supplemented with non-encapsulated (NEC), air-dried microencapsulated (AEC) and lyophilized microencapsulated (LEC) probiotic L. reuteri SW23 at 10
CFU/head/day in skim milk as a carrier provided for 60 days. The animals were divided into four groups, adopting a complete randomized design, and the effects were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Probiotics supplementation increased (p < 0.05) body weight gain (kg), average daily gain, and structural growth measurements in calves of all treatment groups. Dry matter intake (g/d), feed conversion efficiency, and fecal counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria were also increased in the treatment groups compared to CON. The fecal consistency index was highest in CON (0.70 ± 0.03), followed by NEC (0.68 ± 0.01), AEC (0.66 ± 0.02), and LEC (0.65 ± 0.02). Fecal pH and ammonia levels were reduced (p < 0.05) in the probiotic-fed groups compared to CON, with a concomitant increase in fecal lactate, acetate, and propionate levels. In addition, cell-mediated and humoral immunity were significantly increased in supplemented groups as compared to CON. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation of the probiotics in microencapsulated/non-encapsulated forms to neonatal calves had a variety of positive effects on their health, including better performance, improved gut health, and a lower fecal consistency index. Moreover, among all supplemented groups, the lyophilized microencapsulated group outperformed air-dried microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated groups in terms of ADG, DMI, and gut health.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of synbiotic formulation of
Cichorium intybus
root powder (C) with
Lactobacillus acidophilus
NCDC15 (LA) and
Lactobacillus reuteri
BFE7 (LR) on ...growth performance in Murrah buffalo calves via monitoring selective gut health indices. Twenty-four Murrah buffalo calves of 5–7 days old and 33 ± 2.0 kg of body weight were distributed randomly into three groups adopting complete randomized design (CRD) as follows: (1) group I served as control (CON) provided with a basal diet alone; (2) group II supplemented with synbiotic formulation of 200 mL
L. acidophilus
NCDC15 fermented milk with 8 g of
Cichorium intybus
root powder (LAC) along with basal diet; (3) group III supplemented with synbiotic formulation of 200 mL
L. reuteri
BFE7 fermented milk with 8 g of
Cichorium intybus
root powder (LRC) along with basal diet. The final body weight (BW), average dry matter intake (DMI) and structural body measurements were significantly increased (
P <
0.05) in LAC and LRC groups by synbiotic as compared to the CON. No effect was registered on apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of various nutrients in supplemented groups. Faecal score was reduced by the supplementation of synbiotic being lowest in LRC followed by LAC and CON. Calves supplemented synbiotic showed lower (
P <
0.05) faecal pH and ammonia with a concomitant increase in faecal lactate levels and faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) as compared to control. The faecal
Lactobacillus
and
Bifidobacterium
population was increased (
P
< 0.05) in synbiotic fed groups as compared to control. Additionally, coliform and clostridia count was decreased (
P
< 0.05) in treatment groups compared to CON. Overall, it may be concluded that synbiotic supplementation was effective in improving the growth performance in Murrah buffalo calves via altering selective gut health indices.
The present study compared pre-treatment effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on the quality of sugarcane tops silage (SCT). Sugarcane tops (301 g ...DM/kg fresh matter) were chopped into 2.5–3.0 cm lengths and sub-sampled in 33 (11 × 3; treatments × replications) batches. A total of eleven treatments, including two controls, i.e. C1 (without additives) and C2 (with common additives: 0.5% NaCl, 0.5% urea and 2% molasses as such) and nine treatments were prepared in factorial arrangements of (3 × 3) exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (
C
cellulose,
X
xylanase and
C
+
X
) with LAB inoculants (
LF Lactobacillus fermentum
,
PA Pediococcous acidilactici
and
LF
+
PA
). After 30 days of ensiling samples were analysed; pH, lignocelluloses, butyric acid, oxalate, yeast and mould count were reduced (
p
< 0.05) in all treatments, whereas, the lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA) and metabolisable energy (ME) content were increased (
p
< 0.05) in all treatments than controls, C1 and C2 SCT silage. DM loss and NH
3
–N (% total nitrogen) was found higher (
p
< 0.05) in C2 and all treatments as compared to the C1 silage. The effect of EFE and LAB interaction was found significant (
p
< 0.01) for LA:AA, Fleig point and butyric acid content of SCT silage. The efficacy of EFE and LAB inoculant was higher (
p
< 0.05) when used in combinations, cellulase + xylanase and LF + PA as compared to either type. Silage Fleig point value was found highest (
p
< 0.05) in LF + PA + X and LF + PA + C + X treatments. Overall comparative effectiveness suggested that xylanase with
Lactobacillus fermentum
plus
Pediococcous acidilactici
were the most promising combinations to improve sugarcane tops silage quality.
Purpose
The research aimed to assess and compare the effect of bacterial inoculants, chemical additive and their combinations on the fermentation process of sugarcane tops silages along with ...variations in pH, yeast and mould count after aerobic exposure.
Methods
In harvest season, sugarcane tops were collected from local farmer fields (27.80% DM). The treatments were, control (no additive), LP (
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
), LF (
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
), PA (Propionic acid), a combination of LP + LF, PA + LP, PA + LF, and PA + LP + LF. After 30 days of ensiling, silage fermentation parameters and pH, yeast and mould were accessed after aerobic exposure.
Results
The treatment with additives reduced pH (P < 0.05) and increased lactic acid, acetic acid and dry matter recovery significantly (p < 0.05). In the PA + LP + LF treatment, the oxalate content substantially reduced by 51.36% after ensiling (p < 0.05). NDF content reduced in all treatments as compared with control (p < 0.05). LAB count was higher in PA + LF treatment (8.58 log10 CFU/g) (p < 0.05). Yeast and Mould counts were lower in treatments PA + LP + LF and PA, 2.22 and 3.01 (log10 CFU/g) respectively (p < 0.05). Among the treatments, combinations of PA + LP + LF and PA + LF were the most effective to improve the fermentation quality of silage and the combination of PA + LF has shown more potential to reduce the yeast and moulds after aerobic exposure.
Conclusion
The additives were effective to improve the fermentation quality and reduced oxalates content of the sugarcane tops silage. As the exposure time increased the pH values and the yeast-moulds count remained more stable in silage treated with bacterial inoculants and chemical additive which reduced aerobic spoilage in sugarcane tops silage.
Graphical abstract
The present work was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing
Aloe vera
extract on rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrient utilization, lactation performance, and antioxidant status of ...goats. Twenty-four crossbreed lactating goats (Alpine × Beetal) were divided into three experimental groups (AV0, AV2, and AV4). AV0 had no supplementation, groups AV2 and AV4 received ready to feed aqueous extract of
Aloe vera
at 20 and 40 g/kg dry matter intake, respectively, along with basal diet and experiment lasted for 100 days. Average DMI did not vary (
P
> 0.05) among treatment groups; however, the metabolic bodyweight of AV4 was significantly lower (
P
< 0.05) than the AV0 and AV2 groups (AV0 = AV2 > AV4). Intake and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and EE were unaffected (
P
> 0.05) by
Aloe vera
supplementation. The milk production, yield of milk fat, protein, lactose, and solid not fat (SNF) of goats in the AV4 group were significantly higher (
P
< 0.05) than other groups (AV4 > AV2 = AV0). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes and levels of plasma ferric reducing total antioxidant power were high (
P
< 0.01) in the
Aloe vera
supplemented group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). There was no significant difference (
P
= 0.979) in the pH, acetic acid (
P
= 0.449), and butyric acid (
P
= 0.864) concentration of the rumen liquor among the treatment groups. The propionic acid concentration was similar between AV2 and AV4 and significantly higher (
P
= 0.024) than the AV0 group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). Moreover, C2:C3 values were significantly lower (
P
= 0.037) in the AV4 group compared to the control (AV0). Thus,
Aloe vera
supplementation enhanced milk yield, propionic acid production, and antioxidant status without affecting nutrient utilization; however, results were better in the AV4 group. The inclusion of
Aloe vera
at 40 g/kg of DMI would improve the rumen fermentation efficiency, lactation performance, and overall health status of the dairy goats.
The current study was undertaken to identify the most promising combination of the additives which reduce the ensiling duration and improve silage quality in terms of microbial succession and ...fermentation profiles of sugarcane tops silage. Fresh sugarcane tops were ensiled in 3-L laboratory silos in four treatment groups supplemented with enzymes (cellulase + xylanase), enzymes plus
Lactobacillus plantarum
(C + X + LP), enzymes plus
Lactobacillus fermentum
(C + X + LF) and enzymes +
Lactobacillus plantarum
+
Lactobacillus fermentum
(C + X + LP + LF) for 15, 25, 35, and 45 days. Urea (0.5%) and molasses (1.5%) were added to all treatment groups. The silages were tested for microbiological and chemical parameters after storage. Results indicated that, in the first 15 days of ensiling, higher LAB counts were observed and thereafter decreased. The highest LAB count was observed in C + X + LP + LF treatment. Among all the durations of ensiling, the yeast and moulds count was lower at day 25. NH
3
–N, acetic acid (AA), and butyric acid significantly increased with increasing the days of ensiling. All additives improved lactic acid concentration relative to the enzymes (C + X) treated silage. The concentration of lactic acid (LA) in all silages soared to grasp a peak at day 35 and then decreased at the end of the ensiling days. The LA: AA ratio in all silages peaked at day 25 and then decreased with increasing the duration of ensiling. Consequently, among all treatments, exogenous enzymes and LAB-treated silages (C + X + LF and C + X + LP + LF) were the best combination based on LAB count, lactic acid, yeast–mould counts, and LA:AA ratio at days 15 and 25 of ensiling. The combined effect of LAB and enzymes can reduce the ensiling period and improve silage quality.
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•Limosilactobacillus reuteri BF-E7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF-17 feeding influenced the select faecal microbiota favourably in calves.•Compound lyophilized probiotics ...modulated antioxidant enzyme activities in buffalo calves.•Probiotics feeding significantly enhanced immune response of Murrah buffalo calves.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of compound lyophilized probiotics on selected faecal microbiota, immunity, and antioxidant potential in newborn buffalo calves. Eight Murrah buffalo calves (3–5 days old) were grouped according to body weight and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: (1) Group I (CON) was fed a basal diet without supplementation, while (2) Group II (LP) was supplemented with a compound lyophilized probiotic (1 × 108 CFU/calf/d) containing Limosilactobacillus reuteri BF-E7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF-17 along with the basal diet for 30 days. The current study results indicated that supplementation of compound lyophilized probiotics as a feed additive significantly (p < 0.05) increased cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and lymphocyte proliferation responses of buffalo calves. The erythrocyte antioxidant activities of catalase (p < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the LP group, while glutathione peroxidase showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two groups. The faecal population (log10 number of DNA copies/g of fresh faeces) of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genus was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the LP group than in the CON group, with a concomitant reduction in the counts of pathobionts E. coli (p < 0.05) and Clostridium perfringens (p < 0.05). Overall, the present findings conclude that compound lyophilized probiotic feeding could enhance the immune status and improve antioxidant potential by balancing intestinal microbiota composition during the first four weeks of life.
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