We develop and test a spectral ellipsometric method of nondestructive testing of the phase compositions of multilayer films and metal-oxide structures in the course of their growth on the surfaces of ...metals and alloys. The method is based on the preliminary thermodynamic and spectral analyses of the phase compositions of inhomogeneous surface oxides. The permanent monitoring of the spectra of ellipsometric parameters makes it possible to trace the distribution of phase composition of nanosized metal-oxide structures over the volume of inhomogeneous surface oxide (film) in the process of its growth. The proposed spectral-ellipsometric method can be useful for the nondestructive testing and, especially, for the in-situ automated investigations with subsequent classification of the structures, compositions, and types of multilayer metal-oxide structures in the course of their growth.
An integral part of the modern oncology service is the high-tech equipment based on nuclear physics methods. An interdisciplinary approach to the development of nuclear medicine and radiotherapy in ...Russia’s healthcare will improve not only the access to nuclear and accelerator technologies in our country, but also their efficiency and safety. Here, we review the role of the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” (NRC KI) in the development of nuclear physics methods used in medicine, as well as new opportunities and prospects opened up by the creation of the Scientific and Educational Nuclear Medicine Center, NRC KI. The structure and main engineering characteristics of five developed medical radiology complexes, including a radionuclide production complex and four hadron radiation therapy complexes, are considered in detail.
The article discusses the optimization of the location of the enterprise for recycling the wood waste from logging and wood processing industries. A promising area of waste recycling is the ...production of wood-fuel pellets as an alternative renewable energy source. The raw material supply of pellet production means a lot of collection activities, in which transport costs play a decisive role. Sources of raw materials and consumers of finished products are distributed over vast territories. The paper proposes an integrated approach to solving the problems of the territorial location of the recycling plant based on logistic methods and the use of geographic information systems. The paper presents a mathematical model and a technique for optimizing the territorial distribution of pellet production by the criterion of the minimum transportation costs for raw materials. The developed methodology takes into account the existing infrastructure. It involves the full use of sources of raw materials, and also allows us to choose the best option for the location of the enterprise, taking into account the social and economic possibilities of construction. The technique has great versatility, which allows it to be used to place enterprises of various fields of activity. It clearly reflects the results of the problem solution, which simplifies the decision-making process on the location of enterprises.
The advantages of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites are low density, high heat capacity, resistance to thermal shock, low coefficients of friction and linear expansion, etc. However, their use in ...oxygen-containing environment at high temperatures is only possible with special protective heat-resistant gas-tight coatings, which prevent the access of oxygen to carbon. In this work, ZrB2-based composite coatings with different contents of MoSi2 were fabricated on the surface of C/C composites by a Robotic complex for detonation spraying of coatings equipped with a multi-chamber detonation accelerator (MCDS). Flat specimens (10 x 10 x 5 mm3) of 3D C/C composites (density 1.9 g/cm3) were used as substrates. The evolution of the microstructure and phase composition of ZrB2-xMoSi2 (х = 24, 35, 45 wt. %)-10Al coatings were analyzed with differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffractometry (in situ HT-XRD) and scanning electron microscopy at temperatures from 25 to 1400 °C (normal atmosphere and pressure). During analysis, it was observed that m-SiO2 and ZrSiO4 appear at 960 °C. Also, upon reaching the temperature 1235 °C, cubic zirconia and mullite are formed in ZrB2-xMoSi2-10Al coatings. In ZrB2-xMoSi2-10Al coatings at a temperature of 1400 °C, an increase in the MoSi2 content in the initial coating leads to almost complete disappearance of the cubic phase of zirconium dioxide, and the mullite content increases. It was found that the microstructure of the coating changed with an increase in the MoSi2 content after oxidation at 1400 °C from a dense to a "more defective". ZrB2-24MoSi2-10Al coating has a uniform dense microstructure in comparison with coatings containing 35 and 45 wt. % of MoSi2. It is contributed to its good oxidation-resistant property at high temperature.
The industrial processes are noticed to be accompanied by the contaminators' emission inter alia the high-dispersion aerosols. To reduce the amount of the dust emitted into the atmosphere, it is ...advisable to provide the cleaning devices installation as a part of exhaust ventilation systems. Entrapped substances may be recycled or returned back to production, and it's especially valuable if rare and expensive row materials are used in manufacturing. Trapping aerosols of fine dispersion with simple and reliable mechanical devices with low energy consumption is quite important. The proposed apparatus for the dust particles cleaning emissions is with a dispersion of 0,1 μm. Device operation is based on enlargement and following entrapment of solid fine particles on slabs perforated by the way of chinks and irrigation water contaminated air by the nozzles with the particulate composition of from 2,0 to 10 μm. The chinks width on the first and the second slabs, displacement of chinks hole axes of the first and the second slabs relative to each other and distance between slabs ensure creation of increased coagulation and stable sedimentation of particles are discovered.
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