Telmisartan, an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, is used in the management of hypertension to control blood pressure. In addition, telmisartan has a partial agonistic effect on peroxisome ...proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Recently, the effects of telmisartan on spatial memory or the inflammatory response were monitored in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, to date, no studies have investigated the ameliorative effects of telmisartan on impaired spatial memory and the inflammatory response in an AD animal model incorporating additional cerebrovascular disease factors. In this study, we examined the effect of telmisartan on spatial memory impairment and the inflammatory response in a rat model of AD incorporating additional cerebrovascular disease factors. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia and an intracerebroventricular injection of oligomeric or aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ). Oral administration of telmisartan (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg/d) seven days after ischemia and Aβ treatment resulted in better performance in the eight arm radial maze task in a dose-dependent manner. Telmisartan also reduced tumor necrosis factor α mRNA expression in the hippocampal region of rats with impaired spatial memory. These effects of telmisartan were antagonized by GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ. These results suggest that telmisartan has ameliorative effects on the impairment of spatial memory in a rat model of AD incorporating additional cerebrovascular disease factors via its anti-inflammatory effect.
The 2011 Tohoku-Oki great earthquake increased the difficulty of evaluating the long-term probability of seismic activity along the Japan Trench because of the unknown impact of the unprecedentedly ...large slip. In this study, the long-term activity of “Miyagi-ken-Oki earthquakes”, an M > 7 earthquake sequence off Miyagi Prefecture, located at the edge of the source area of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake was simulated. We conducted numerical simulations of earthquake generation cycles based on the rate- and state-dependent friction law representing the stress accumulation and release process on the plate interface. We also validated the results based on analyses of observational data, including time intervals and afterslip distributions for the previous Miyagi-ken-Oki earthquakes. The simulation results were then compared with repeating-earthquake-derived interplate slip observations over 30 years. The results showed that the spatial and temporal characteristics of aseismic slips on the plate interface near the M > 7 Miyagi-ken-Oki source were qualitatively reproduced. The time interval between the M ~ 9 earthquake and the first M > 7 earthquake is shorter than the average recurrence interval of M > 7 earthquakes during the latter stage of each M ~ 9 earthquake cycle. In contrast, the interval between the first and the second M > 7 earthquakes is the longest in each M ~ 9 earthquake cycle. The time intervals of the M > 7 earthquakes fluctuated in the early stage compared to those in the latter stage of the M ~ 9 earthquake cycle. These characteristics were associated with the extent of the locked and afterslip areas in and around the source. Hence, monitoring the spatio-temporal distribution of the slip rate in and around the source area during the preparation process of earthquakes occurring in the downdip area off Miyagi Prefecture is very important to assess whether the next M > 7 earthquake is approaching. Furthermore, earthquake cycle simulations combined with earthquake and slow slip monitoring can provide meaningful insights for long-term assessments of great interplate earthquakes.
This paper presents a phase angle control method of high-frequency resonant currents in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system, which consists of split working coils and multiple inverters. ...The ZCIH system controls the amplitude of each coil current to make the temperature distribution on the workpiece uniform. The amplitude of the coil current can be controlled in a wide range when its phase angle is adjusted to be the same with other coil currents. This paper theoretically derives the phase-angle change of the coil current in transient states, and reveals that the phase-angle change can be considered as a first-order response. A phase-angle controller was designed and examined in experiments using a two-zone ZCIH system. It is clarified that the phase angle control makes it possible to adjust the current phase angle not only in steady states but also in transient states.
This paper proposes a new "zone-control induction heating" (ZCIH) system consisting of two or more sets of a high-frequency inverter unit and a work coil. The work coils are wound around a single ...susceptor as close as possible to reduce a leakage magnetic flux. The inverters independently control the amplitude of each coil current to adjust the power provided to the work coil and/or the heat generated in each zone of the susceptor. As a result, the ZCIH system enables a temperature uniformity not only in a heating-up period but also in a temperature-maintaining period. Theoretical analysis derives the control performance of the current amplitude, and implies that the phase-angle control of the coil current is required to adjust the current amplitude in a wide range. This paper presents experimental results obtained from a laboratory setup and a six-zone prototype for semiconductor processing.
In March and May 2021, Mw7.0 and Mw6.7, respectively, deep interplate earthquakes occurred off Miyagi, Japan, near the downdip edge of the rupture area of the 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake. We study the ...two Mw ∼ 7 earthquakes to investigate how a great (Mw ∼ 9) earthquake cycle impacts the generation of smaller (Mw7‐8) earthquakes in the deep seismic/aseismic transition zone. Our hypocenter relocation results show that many repeating earthquakes have emerged in the downdip area after the Tohoku earthquake. The March Mw7.0 event was initiated in the slip area of an emerging interplate repeating earthquake sequence, suggesting that the nucleation of the Mw7.0 event occurred in a conditionally stable area where only aseismic slip occurred before the Tohoku earthquake. Downdip high‐rate creep in the postseismic period is a probable reason for the temporal aseismic‐to‐seismic transition that allowed the occurrence of repeating earthquakes and the rupture initiation of the Mw7.0 earthquake. The May Mw6.7 earthquake originated in an area where earthquake activity was high locally, both before and after the Tohoku earthquake, and shear stress increased after the March event. This suggests that both frictional properties and shear stress change contributed to the rupture initiation. The slip inversion results indicate that these two Mw ∼ 7 earthquakes ruptured the western part of the 1978 Mw7.6 Miyagi‐Oki earthquake source area and loaded the eastern part. Continued monitoring of seismicity patterns, including possible updip expansion of the interplate seismicity, is essential to examine how strain energy, plate‐locking state, and creep evolve during the Mw9.0 earthquake cycle.
Plain Language Summary
A decade after the 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake, M7.0, and M6.7 interplate earthquakes occurred off Miyagi in 2021, near the western edge of the rupture area of the Tohoku earthquake. The hypocenters of these two earthquakes are deep (z ∼ 60 km) and near the downdip limit of interplate earthquakes. To investigate how the M9 earthquake affects the earthquake process near the seismic/aseismic transition zone, we studied these two M ∼ 7 earthquakes. By examining the earthquake locations, we found that the first M7.0 earthquake was initiated in an area where earthquakes had not occurred for almost 90 years before 2011. Repeating earthquakes started to occur there after the Tohoku earthquake. The aftereffects of the Mw9.0 earthquake may have temporarily enabled the M7.0 earthquake initiation from an area where only aseismic slips occurred prior to the Tohoku earthquake. By estimating the slip distributions of the two M ∼ 7 earthquakes, we found that the two earthquakes ruptured the western part of the slip area of the 1978 M7.6 Miyagi‐Oki earthquake, loading the eastern part. Continued monitoring of interplate earthquakes is crucial to reveal the aftereffects of the 2011 M9 earthquake and the preparation process for the next M9 earthquake.
Key Points
After the M9 Tohoku earthquake, many repeating earthquakes emerged on a deep (z ∼ 60 km) plate boundary
The March 2021 Mw7.0 earthquake was initiated from one of the emerging repeating earthquake locations
The 2021 Mw7.0 and Mw6.7 earthquakes increased strain energy in the updip area, where Mw > 7 earthquakes occurred before the M9 earthquake
The combination of 5
mol
% Cu(OTf)
2 and CuCl in the presence of DMAP effectively catalyzed a three-component coupling reaction involving an alkynylsilane, an
o-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivative, and a ...secondary amine. The reaction proceeded via intramolecular 5-
exo-
dig cyclization, resulting in direct synthesis of the corresponding benzofuran derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
Seismic activity in the Noto region of Ishikawa Prefecture, central Japan, has increased since August 2020 and has continued as of August 2023. Stress changes due to subsurface sources and increases ...in fluid pressure have been discussed as the causes of the seismic activity increase. In this study, S-wave polarization anisotropy was investigated by S-wave splitting analysis using temporary and permanent stations located in the epicenter area. We also investigated the seismic wave velocity structure in the source region by analyzing seismic wave velocity tomography. The fast orientations of anisotropy (fast shear wave oscillation direction, FSOD) were generally NW–SE in the southern part of the focal area and east–west in the northern part. The NW–SE anisotropy generally coincides with the direction of the maximum horizontal compression axis, both near the surface and at earthquake depths. Therefore, stress-induced anisotropy can be the cause of the observed NW–SE anisotropy. On the other hand, faults with strike directions generally east–west have been identified, and structural anisotropy may be the cause of the observed east–west anisotropy. We examined the time variation of anisotropy at N.SUZH, one of the permanent stations. No significant time variation was observed in the FSOD. Larger anisotropy was observed, particularly for the activity in the western part of the focal area, from about June–September 2021 compared to the previous period. A high Vp/Vs region was identified beneath the focal area, at a depth of 18 km. This high Vp/Vs region has slightly larger P-wave velocities than the surrounding area. Since Tertiary igneous rocks are distributed in the target area, the high Vp/Vs region may represent a Tertiary magma reservoir, suggesting that fluids released through the old magma reservoir are involved in this seismic swarm. This seismic activity started in the southern part of the area, where relatively immature fault structure exists, where stress-induced anisotropy is distributed, and where high Vp/Vs regions suggestive of fluid at depth are identified. Subsequently, seismicity became more active in the northern part, where structural anisotropy with well-developed fault structures is distributed.
Graphical Abstract
A 19-year-old man with pectus excavatum developed symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). He had no remarkable medical history or comorbidities and had not exercised intensely during ...childhood. Electrical cardioversion and pre-treatment with amiodarone for two months failed to maintain sinus rhythm. Computed tomography before ablation revealed compression of the right and left atria between the sternal bone and vertebral bodies. Voltage mapping revealed that the right and left atrial voltages were preserved within the normal limit. However, radiofrequency catheter ablation successfully eliminated recurrent persistent AF. No recurrence was observed during eight months of follow-up.
Active faults commonly repeat cycles of sudden rupture and subsequent silence of hundreds to tens of thousands of years, but some parts of mature faults exhibit continuous creep accompanied by many ...small earthquakes. Discovery and detailed examination of creeping faults on land have been in a rapid progress with the advent of space-borne synthetic aperture radar interferometry. In this study, we measured the spatial variation of the creep rate along the Philippine fault on Leyte Island using ALOS/PALSAR data acquired between October 2006 and January 2011. Prominent creep of
33
±
11
mm/year was estimated in northern and central parts of the island except for a locked portion around latitude 11.08–11.20
∘
N. We compared the creep rate distribution along the fault with the slip distribution of the 2017
M
w
6.5 Ormoc earthquake which occurred in northern Leyte, estimated from the displacements mapped by ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 interferometric data. The estimated slip of the 2017 earthquake amounted up to 2.5 m and to moment magnitude of 6.49, with the dominant rupture area coinciding with the locked portion identified from the interseismic coupling analysis. Teleseismic waveforms of the 2017 earthquake and another event that occurred in 1947 (
M
s
6.9) exhibit close resemblance, indicating two ruptures of rather similar locations and magnitudes with a time interval of 70 years.
PDF
