Laccase is a fungal enzyme that play a crucial role in bioremediation. The purified laccase from Ganoderma multipileum and its effectiveness in bioremediation of Cr (VI) was determined in this study. ...Two strains of G. multipileum were identified by ITS sequences and their phylogeny was compared with G. multipileum taken from GenBank (KF494997, LC149613, MG739453, MG739455). The fungi were grown on guaiacol substrate for laccase optimization using different environmental and nutritional conditions. Laccase Glacc113 (75 kDa) was partially purified and characterized under different parameters. Glacc113 (GIAPTAD) was confirmed by using a Precise Protein Sequencing System to analyze sequence of N-terminal amino acid. Laccase exhibited maximum optimal activity (1355.5 ± 8.8 U/L) at pH 3.0 and can tolerate the maximum temperature upto 70 °C. During submerged fermentation, on 7th day after inoculum of 3 fungal discs at 100 rpm yielded maximum laccase. The production of laccase increased by optimization of inorganic and organic nitrogen and carbon sources. The purified laccase from G. multipileum was used to reduce (>94%) 100 μg/mL of Cr (VI) into less toxic chromium Cr (III). The catalytic kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for guaiacol were 1.817 (mM min−1) and 1.4617 (mM), respectively. This study determined the conditions that enhance production and an ecofriendly approach to bio remediate the Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The purified enzyme exerted maximum durability and reliability for industrial usage also.
In the present study, we investigated the effects of different carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, and maltose) on laccase production from mycelium of Ganoderma multistipitatum grown on malt extract ...agar plates. The preliminary screening test was performed on the guaiacol plate, where a maroon brown zone formed after laccase oxidation. A few pure mycelial discs of Ganoderma species were transferred into submerged fermentation nutrient broth. The nutrient medium of submerged fermentation at 20 g of glucose revealed the highest laccase activities (2300 U/L) than other carbon sources. The interesting results also shown by inorganic NaNO3 in the production of maximum laccase (7800 ± 1.1 U/L). The organic nitrogen inducer, namely yeast extract, exhibited 5834 U/L laccase activity and a potential source of laccase secretion. The results concluded that C and N inducers enhanced the laccase production. This production process is eco-friendly and effective in the removal of dye from water. Laccase from the cultural broth was partially purified by SDS-PAGE for molecular weight determination, while Native-PAGE confirmed the laccase band after staining with guaiacol. The Km and Vmax values of Lacc134 were 1.658 mm and 2.452 mM min−1, respectively. The Lacc134 of this study effectively removed the Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye (extensively used in textile industries and wastewater). For dye removal capacity, 2.0 mg, 4.0 mg, 5.0 mg, and 6.0 mg were used, from which 6.0 mg was most effective in removal (85% and 88%) dye concentration in 1st and 2nd h interval treatment, respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) quantity after dye removal percentage in the first- and second-hour time interval was 62% and 89%, respectively, at 30 g glucose. According to the experimental finding of this study, the breakdown products catalyzed by Lacc134 are less hazardous due to lower molecular weight than the dye itself.
Ganoderma species are in state of flux in Pakistan as well as in the world. The diversity of this wood-inhabiting basidiomycete in Pakistan is still poorly known. A few species have been introduced ...from the country; even the country is rich with many Ganoderma species, which still need identification.
Ganoderma multistipitatum sp. nov. is described from Lahore, Punjab Pakistan by using the morpho-anatomical (via naked eye and compound microscope) characters and molecular data from the ITS regions of DNA. The specimens used in this study were collected from the Botanical Garden of Government College University Lahore. The G. multistipitatum sp. nov. is, to date, only known from Lahore on Chir pine tree.
Morphologically, this species is characterized by laccate orange, brown basidiomata, maroon, brown multi stipitate, and anatomically by ellipsoid basidiospores (10.24–11.2 × 5.3–5.4 µm) and trimitic hyphal system. The G. multistipitatum sp. nov. is 21st species from the genus Ganoderma known from Pakistan. This new species is also described with photographs, line drawings and compared with nearby taxa of the phylogenetic tree constructed by software MEGA10. This species resembled with typical G. lucidum, but the ITS DNA sequences of this species were much far away from G. multistipitatum sp. nov. ones.
The phylogeny based on ITS sequences supported this as a new distinct species, which finally compared with closely matrixed G. multipileum and related allies. The aim of this study was to introduce the new species from genus Ganoderma, which is a major contribution in biodiversity of the world.
Access to radiotherapy (RT) is now one of the stark examples of global cancer inequities. More than 800,000 new cancer cases require potentially curative or palliative RT services in Africa, arguably ...<15% of these patients currently have access to this important service. For a population of more than 206 million, Nigeria requires a minimum of 280 RT machines for the increasing number of cancer cases. Painfully, the country has only eight Government-funded RT machines. This study aimed to evaluate the status of the eight Government-funded RT services in Nigeria and their ability to deliver effective RT to their patients.
A survey addressing 10 critical areas was used to assess the eight Government-funded RT services in Nigeria.
Unfortunately, six of the eight centers (75%) surveyed have not treated patients with RT because they do not have functioning teletherapy machines in 2021. Only two RT centers have the capability of treating patients using advanced RT techniques. There is no positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan in any of the Government-funded RT centers. The workforce capacity and infrastructure across the eight centers are limited. All of the centers lack residency training programs for medical physicists and radiation therapy technologists resulting in very few well-trained staff.
As the Nigerian Government plans for the new National Cancer Control Plan, there is an urgent need to scale up access to RT by upgrading the RT equipment, workforce, and infrastructure to meet the current needs of Nigerian patients with cancer. Although the shortfall is apparent from a variety of RT-capacity databases, this detailed analysis provides essential information for an implementation plan involving solutions from within Nigeria and with global partners.
•Melatonin maintains redox equilibrium (removing ROS and RNS), is a stress reduction agent, promotes root growth and development.•Encourages plant development, influences flowering and fruit ...ripening, prevents leaf senescence.•Improves gene expression and activity of enzymes, improves photosynthesis.•Shields plants from pathogen attack and influences other biochemical and physiological processes.
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a biological indolamine. It is biologically synthesized in plants and can be used to promote sustainable agriculture. This molecule has multiple effects and a wide range of actions that are beneficial to plants. It plays an important role in plants as a modulatory agent (a bio-stimulator and plant growth regulator) that improves the plants tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stress (drought, waterlogging, severe temperatures, salt, alkalinity, chemical contaminants in soils (such as heavy metals, pesticides, and others), UV radiation). It acts as a stress-relieving hormone (regulates anti stress reactions) and as a bio-stimulator of plant growth. Melatonin maintains redox equilibrium (removing ROS and RNS), is a stress reduction agent, promotes root growth and development, encourages plant development, influences flowering and fruit ripening, prevents leaf senescence, improves gene expression and activity of enzymes, improves photosynthesis, shields plants from pathogen attack (regulates plant innate immunity, initiate defense responses) and influences other biochemical and physiological processes. This review explores these special functions of melatonin and how it impacts different plant systems specifically. Research is already ongoing in this field and through this compilation we can conclude that melatonin, a bio stimulator, is a crucial molecule that can be essential in increasing crop yields and nutraceutical values useful for addressing global food security issues.
Ganoderma gibbosum is a new record for Pakistan, identified by morphological and molecular data. DNA sequence analysis of ribosomal 5.8S rRNA gene including the flanking nuclear ribosomal DNA-ITS ...regions confirmed the Pakistani specimens as G. gibbosum. Morphologically,
the specimens are characterized by their non-laccate sessile basidiomata, truncate, short fine minute inter walled pillars, elongated basidiospores (7.5- 10.2 × 4.6-5.9 μm), and greyish to greyish-brown dull pileal surface.
Ganoderma leucocontextum is reported from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province as a new record from Pakistan. This species in the G. lucidum complex is characterized by reddish brown to yellowish brown zones ...on the pileus. The Pakistani specimens are morphologically described and
illustrated and their identification supported by a nrITS DNA based phylogeny.
The empowerment of citizens in relation to personal healthcare management includes consideration of a multi-faceted collection of elements. Simplistic forms of understanding which link empowerment to ...access provide limited acknowledgement of the requirement to facilitate a greater sense of health ownership in patients and collaborative working practices in practitioners. More complex attitudes to the delivery of empowered patients encompassing knowledge development, technological awareness and partnership approaches to healthcare delivery are steps in the right direction, but strain to fit currently emerging ideas around patient centered care. This paper posits that existing frameworks aimed at empowering patients for a patient centered ehealth system are insufficiently presented. The frameworks, which are mostly premised on an inequitable focus, fail to factor in the invaluableness of holism and technological innovation. Through a review of existing frameworks and an articulation of patient demands, weaknesses in current structures to support empowerment are explored, and key constituents of a framework for patient empowerment are determined. Consequently, the paper articulates a model focused around delivering an empowered patient in the 21(st) century healthcare system.
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