Prispevek daje odgovore na vprašanja: koliko in s katerimi vsebinami je geografija vključena v učne načrte od predšolskega obdobja do vključno petega razreda osnovne šole, v kolikšnem količinskem ...razmerju je do drugih predmetnih področij in za katere spremembe učnih načrtov bi si bilo potrebno prizadevati pri naslednjih prenovah. Analizirali smo učne načrte, v katere so vključene geografske vsebine. Uporabili smo kvalitativno in semikvantitativno analizo. Kategorije za kvalitativno analizo so bile pokrajinske sestavine oziroma njihove prvine, pokrajine ter orientacija in kartografija.
The benefits of outdoor education are well known and irreplaceable. Teachers of environmental lessons frequently ask themselves what kind of cartographic support (paper maps or mobile navigators) to ...offer their students doing fieldwork either navigating to selected points or being engaged in the research of a selected environment. In this article, we compare the success rates of children using either a paper map or mobile navigation with respect to independence, accuracy and speed when walking (wayfinding) through an unfamiliar environment. We collected the data by observing 122 primary school students of six different schools as they individually walked through a suburban area of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results show that the children were more independent and made fewer mistakes when using a mobile navigator than when using a paper map. They were able to use mobile navigation successfully after having received only a short (2-minute-long) demonstration, even if they had never used such a device before.
Prispevek daje odgovore na vprašanja: koliko in s katerimi vsebinami je geografija vključena v učne načrte od predšolskega obdobja do vključno petega razreda osnovne šole, v kolikšnem količinskem ...razmerju je do drugih predmetnih področij in za katere spremembe učnih načrtov bi si bilo potrebno prizadevati pri naslednjih prenovah. Analizirali smo učne načrte, v katere so vključene geografske vsebine. Uporabili smo kvalitativno in semikvantitativno analizo. Kategorije za kvalitativno analizo so bile pokrajinske sestavine oziroma njihove prvine, pokrajine ter orientacija in kartografija.
The paper presents a comparison of the effectiveness of two teaching methods for initial cartographic description: the map-drawing method versus the map-reading method. The pre-test and post-test ...research
with a control group was carried out in five second-grade sections in two schools. Statistically, the students made important progress and achieved similar overall results in seven weeks of cartography
lessons with both methods. Considering the lower initial results as covariables, the students who drew maps achieved statistically significantly better progress with the drawing tasks and with the test
as a whole in the post-test. There was no great difference in achievements between sexes. Girls preferred drawing maps, and boys preferred reading. The students became more interested in maps over the lessons.
The publication is an outcome of activity of International Network C.A.L.M.A.Z, which deals with interdisciplinary cooperation in PE and geography. The authors are representatives of university ...departments in the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Denmark. The publication aims to present how the participating countries approach, in their curricula, the cooperation in PE and geography. The cooperation is viewed from two perspectives – comparison of curricular documents help ascertain how this cooperation is embedded at the theoretical level. The questionnaire survey with teachers represents a probe into the realization form of the curriculum. In the conclusion, possible approaches to integration are discussed, and practical examples are presented.
We studied the reaction mechanism of dopamine autoxidation using quantum chemical methods. Unlike other biogenic amines important in the central nervous system, dopamine and noradrenaline are capable ...of undergoing a non-enzymatic autoxidative reaction giving rise to a superoxide anion that further decomposes to reactive oxygen species. The reaction in question, which takes place in an aqueous solution, is as such not limited to the mitochondrial membrane where scavenging enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase are located. With the experimental rate constant of 0.147 s
, the dopamine autoxidation reaction is comparably as fast as the monoamine oxidase B catalyzed dopamine decomposition with a rate constant of 1 s
. By using quantum chemical calculations, we demonstrated that the rate-limiting step is the formation of a hydroxide ion from a water molecule, which attacks the amino group that enters intramolecular Michael addition, giving rise to a pharmacologically inert aminochrome. We have shown that for dopamine stability on a time scale of days, it is essential that the pH value of the synaptic vesicle interior is acidic. The pathophysiologic correlates of the results are discussed in the context of Parkinson's disease as well as the pathology caused by long-term amphetamine and cocaine administration.
Nanomaterial (NM) characteristics may affect the pulmonary toxicity and inflammatory response, including specific surface area, size, shape, crystal phase or other surface characteristics. Grouping ...of TiO2 in hazard assessment might be challenging because of variation in physicochemical properties. We exposed C57BL/6 J mice to a single dose of four anatase TiO2 NMs with various sizes and shapes by intratracheal instillation and assessed the pulmonary toxicity 1, 3, 28, 90 or 180 days post-exposure. The quartz DQ12 was included as benchmark particle. Pulmonary responses were evaluated by histopathology, electron microscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell composition and acute phase response. Genotoxicity was evaluated by DNA strand break levels in BAL cells, lung and liver in the comet assay. Multiple regression analyses were applied to identify specific TiO2 NMs properties important for the pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response. The TiO2 NMs induced similar inflammatory responses when surface area was used as dose metrics, although inflammatory and acute phase response was greatest and more persistent for the TiO2 tube. Similar histopathological changes were observed for the TiO2 tube and DQ12 including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis indicating profound effects related to the tube shape. Comparison with previously published data on rutile TiO2 NMs indicated that rutile TiO2 NMs were more inflammogenic in terms of neutrophil influx than anatase TiO2 NMs when normalized to total deposited surface area. Overall, the results suggest that specific surface area, crystal phase and shape of TiO2 NMs are important predictors for the observed pulmonary effects of TiO2 NMs.
•Inflammation and acute phase response was highest and more persistent for TiO2 tube.•TiO2 tube and DQ12 caused pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.•Rutile TiO2 NMs were more inflammogenic in terms of neutrophil influx than anatase.•BET surface area strongly correlated with neutrophil influx for both crystal phases.•BET surface area, crystal phase and shape of TiO2 NMs are predictors for the effects.
TiO2 nanoparticles have generally low toxicity in the in vitro systems although some toxicity is expected to originate in the TiO2-associated photo-generated radical production, which can however be ...modulated by the radical trapping ability of the serum proteins. To explore the role of serum proteins in the phototoxicity of the TiO2 nanoparticles we measure viability of the exposed cells depending on the nanoparticle and serum protein concentrations.
Fluorescence and spin trapping EPR spectroscopy reveal that the ratio between the nanoparticle and protein concentrations determines the amount of the nanoparticles' surface which is not covered by the serum proteins and is proportional to the amount of photo-induced radicals. Phototoxicity thus becomes substantial only at the protein concentration being too low to completely coat the nanotubes' surface.
These results imply that TiO2 nanoparticles should be applied with ligands such as proteins when phototoxic effects are not desired - for example in cosmetics industry. On the other hand, the nanoparticles should be used in serum free medium or any other ligand free medium, when phototoxic effects are desired - as for efficient photodynamic cancer therapy.
Introduction. Dentists, and all other dental
healthcare workers, can expect to face
a medical emergency directly or indirectly
related to dental treatment. Tis study
evaluates the incidence of ...medical emergencies
in dental ofces in Slovenia, the
readiness of dentists and possession of
specifc medical equipment.
Methods. An anonymous online based
questionnaire was sent through the Medical
Chamber of Slovenia via email to all
1503 active dentists in Slovenia. Te questionnaire
was pilot-tested on 25 dentists
and improved accordingly. Tirty closedended
questions were answered by 289
(19.2 %) dentists.
Results. 93.4 % (n=267) of dentists reported
a medical emergency in their dental offce.
Te most prevalent diagnosis was syncope
(1.88-2.44/dentist/year) followed by
hypoglycaemia (0.20-0.25/dentist/year),
hypertensive crisis (0.4/dentists/year) and
anaphylaxis (0.3/dentists/year). Tere were
no cardiac arrests reported in the dentists’
entire careers. 85.1 % (n=239) of dentists
underwent postgraduate BLS training,
87.4 % (n=209) of them in the last 5 years.
Responding dentists estimated that they
are most capable of dealing with syncope
and least profcient in dealing with stroke,
cardiac arrest and a hypertensive crisis.
Tey felt generally more prepared to manage
than diagnose a medical emergency.
Only 58.1 % (n=161) of dentists have access
to a self-infating bag with a reservoir,
and 54.9 % (n=152) to an oxygen mask.
Only 4.0 % (n=11) of them have a full set
of equipment recommended by Medical
Chamber of Slovenia.
Conclusions. Results support modifcation
of the undergraduate and postgraduate
curriculum for dental students to address
specifc medical emergencies and the usage
of limited equipment. Tey support more
rigorous regulations concerning postgraduate
education and specifc equipment for
dealing with medical emergencies in dental
offices in Slovenia.
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