Introducción: La diversidad representa un desafío en la atención en salud, pues supone que los enfermeros sean culturalmente competentes, capaces de brindar cuidados que se adapten a las creencias, ...valores y prácticas de los pacientes provenientes de diversas culturas. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de competencia cultural en los estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo de corte transversal. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la Escala de Competencia Cultural versión en español chilena, previamente validada en el contexto colombiano. La muestra estuvo conformada por 148 estudiantes de enfermería matriculados de tercer a octavo semestre, en el periodo de agosto a diciembre del 2021. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney y H de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: El puntaje promedio (72.3), obtenido por los estudiantes de enfermería indica niveles moderados de competencia cultural. Se halló diferencias significativas del nivel de competencia respecto a la formación previa (p < 0.05) y a la experiencia en cuidado de pacientes con diversas culturas (p< 0.05). Discusión: Los participantes en este estudio mostraron niveles de competencia cultural similares a los encontrados en investigaciones realizadas con estudiantes de enfermería en otros países, como Corea del Sur, India, Sudáfrica, Irak, y Chile, entre otros. Conclusiones: El nivel de competencia cultural de los estudiantes de enfermería, les permite brindar acciones seguras humanas empáticas, efectivas y coherentes con la cultura de los pacientes.
•In the conditions of the study, bucks were more seasonal than rams.•Plasma testosterone and thyroxine were negatively related to buck sperm freezability.•Plasma testosterone and thyroxine were ...unrelated to ram sperm cryoresistance.•For cryopreservation, it is recommended to collect buck sperm in spring and winter.
This study examines the relationship between seasonal changes in plasma testosterone and thyroxine concentrations and the relationship between these changes and the sperm resistance to the freezing-thawing process in Merino x Merino Precoz crossbreed rams and Florida breed bucks. Plasma testosterone and thyroxine concentration, sperm head area, sperm variables and their cryoresistance ratios were analyzed throughout a year. Both species showed a rise in thyroxine preceding testosterone fall. Plasma thyroxine concentrations in rams were higher during autumn than in spring and summer (P<0.05), whereas testosterone concentrations were not influenced by season. Conversely, bucks showed seasonal differences in plasma testosterone levels, with higher concentrations during summer and autumn than winter and spring (P<0.05), whereas thyroxine concentrations were not influenced by season. In bucks, a negative correlation was detected between plasma testosterone concentrations and the cryoresistance ratio for membrane integrity (R=-0.88; P<0.05) from April to September and between plasma thyroxine concentrations and the cryoresistance ratios for total motility (R=-0.66; P<0.05), curvilinear velocity (R=-0.61; P<0.05), the amplitude of lateral head displacement (R=-0.77; P<0.05) and the beat-cross frequency (R=-0.74; P<0.05), throughout the year. The results suggest that the annual variation in sperm cryoresistance may be related to seasonal endocrine changes, at least in goat. Winter and spring are the most appropriate seasons to collect and freeze sperm from Florida goat.
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•The understanding of conformations of l-Serine at different pH conditions.•The Mid-IR, FarIR and Raman spectra are presented.•We perform DFT (B3LYP and M062X) calculations.•The low ...frequency region reveals important structural information.•The analysis of the aqueous solutions reveals the presence of three zwitterions, two cations and three anions.
The aim of this study is to understand the conformational preferences of l-Serine (C3H7NO3, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid) at different pH conditions. A conformational study in aqueous solution of the dissociation equilibrium of the polar amino acid l-Serine, was carried out for this purpose. We recorded, at room temperature, the Mid-IR, FarIR and Raman spectra of l-Serine from the aqueous solutions at pH values 5.82 (zwitterionic species), 1.00 (protonated species) and 13.00 (deprotonated species). Both the study of the conformational landscape and the theoretical analysis of the vibrational features were done using DFT and ab initio calculations, i.e. B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), M062X/6-31+G(d,p) and MP2/6-31+G(d,p) levels of theory. The presence of water was included with the IEF-PCM implicit hydration model. Concerning the zwitterion, analysis of the low frequency region (700–50cm−1) in the FT-Raman and FarIR spectra reveals important information for assignment of the most stable structures.
Although phosphorus is an essential element for life, it is not found in nature in its native state but rather combined in the form of inorganic phosphates (PO43−), with tightly regulated plasma ...levels that are associated with deleterious effects and mortality when these are out of bounds. The growing interest in the accumulation of PO43− in human pathophysiology originated in its attributed role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease. In this article, we review the mechanisms by which this effect was justified and we commemorate the important contribution of a Spanish group led by Dr. M. Rodríguez, just 25 years ago, when they first demonstrated the direct effect of PO43− on the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone by maintaining the structural integrity of the parathyroid glands in their original experimental model. In addition to demonstrating the importance of arachidonic acid (AA) and the phospholipase A2-AA pathway as a mediator of parathyroid gland response, these findings were predecessors of the recent description of the important role of PO43- on the activity of the calcium sensor-receptor, and also fueled various lines of research on the importance of PO43− overload not only for the pathophysiology of SHPT but also in its systemic pathogenic role.
Aunque el fósforo es un elemento indispensable para la vida, en la naturaleza no se encuentra en estado nativo sino combinado en forma de fosfatos inorgánicos (PO43−), con niveles plasmáticos estrechamente regulados que se asocian a efectos deletéreos y mortalidad cuando estos se encuentran fuera de la normalidad. El interés creciente sobre el acúmulo de PO43- en la fisiopatología humana se originó en el papel que se le atribuyó en la patogenia del hiperparatiroidismo secundario a la enfermedad renal crónica. En este artículo revisamos los mecanismos por los cuales se justificaba dicho efecto y conmemoramos la importante contribución de un grupo español liderado por el Dr. M. Rodríguez, ahora hace justo 25 años, cuando demostraron por primera vez el efecto directo del PO43− sobre la regulación de la síntesis y secreción de hormona paratiroidea, manteniendo la integridad estructural de las glándulas paratiroides en su nuevo modelo experimental. Además de demostrar la importancia del ácido araquidónico (AA) y la vía de fosfolipasa A2-AA como mediadora de respuestas en la glándula paratiroidea, estos hallazgos fueron predecesores de la reciente descripción del importante papel del PO43- sobre la actividad del receptor-sensor de calcio y alimentaron asimismo diversas líneas de investigación sobre la importancia de la sobrecarga de PO43− no sólo en la fisiopatología del HPTS sino también en su papel patogénico sistémico.
•Trust and reputation systems in social networks are analysed.•Approaches of opinion dynamics in group decision making are reviewed.•Main challenges and future research are pointed out.
On-line ...platforms foster the communication capabilities of the Internet to develop large-scale influence networks in which the quality of the interactions can be evaluated based on trust and reputation. So far, this technology is well known for building trust and harnessing cooperation in on-line marketplaces, such as Amazon (www.amazon.com) and eBay (www.ebay.es). However, these mechanisms are poised to have a broader impact on a wide range of scenarios, from large scale decision making procedures, such as the ones implied in e-democracy, to trust based recommendations on e-health context or influence and performance assessment in e-marketing and e-learning systems. This contribution surveys the progress in understanding the new possibilities and challenges that trust and reputation systems pose. To do so, it discusses trust, reputation and influence which are important measures in networked based communication mechanisms to support the worthiness of information, products, services opinions and recommendations. The existent mechanisms to estimate and propagate trust and reputation, in distributed networked scenarios, and how these measures can be integrated in decision making to reach consensus among the agents are analysed. Furthermore, it also provides an overview of the relevant work in opinion dynamics and influence assessment, as part of social networks. Finally, it identifies challenges and research opportunities on how the so called trust based network can be leveraged as an influence measure to foster decision making processes and recommendation mechanisms in complex social networks scenarios with uncertain knowledge, like the mentioned in e-health and e-marketing frameworks.
Although inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease, the residual risk is high. Whether nuclear 1 factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related ...factor 2 activators further reduce this risk is unknown.
We randomly assigned 2185 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate GFR, 15 to <30 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area) to bardoxolone methyl, at a daily dose of 20 mg, or placebo. The primary composite outcome was end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death from cardiovascular causes.
The sponsor and the steering committee terminated the trial on the recommendation of the independent data and safety monitoring committee; the median follow-up was 9 months. A total of 69 of 1088 patients (6%) randomly assigned to bardoxolone methyl and 69 of 1097 (6%) randomly assigned to placebo had a primary composite outcome (hazard ratio in the bardoxolone methyl group vs. the placebo group, 0.98; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.70 to 1.37; P=0.92). In the bardoxolone methyl group, ESRD developed in 43 patients, and 27 patients died from cardiovascular causes; in the placebo group, ESRD developed in 51 patients, and 19 patients died from cardiovascular causes. A total of 96 patients in the bardoxolone methyl group were hospitalized for heart failure or died from heart failure, as compared with 55 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.55; P<0.001). Estimated GFR, blood pressure, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio increased significantly and body weight decreased significantly in the bardoxolone methyl group, as compared with the placebo group.
Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stage 4 chronic kidney disease, bardoxolone methyl did not reduce the risk of ESRD or death from cardiovascular causes. A higher rate of cardiovascular events with bardoxolone methyl than with placebo prompted termination of the trial. (Funded by Reata Pharmaceuticals; BEACON ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01351675.).
This research provides an analysis of existing scientific production on agricultural waste from 1931 to 2018. The database was obtained from Scopus and includes a total of 3148 articles, which were ...analysed using the bibliometric method. This method focuses on the identification, evolution, approaches and trends referred to in the use and transformation of agricultural waste. The results of the analysis of the most specific variables, some of which are represented graphically through clusters in networking maps using VOSviewer software, establishes that agricultural waste has been studied worldwide for more than 60 years and that research on this issue has become more relevant from 1998. However, it has been in the last 13 years that more than 60% of the scientific production on this field of study has been generated. The United States, India and China are the countries with the greatest number of studies, whose central axis has been the use and exploitation of agricultural residues, derived from cereal crops, mainly wheat and corn, as they are the main producers of this type of crops. Many authors, mainly from government and academic institutions, have contributed considerably to this research topic. The evolution of their studies evidences a change in the original approach, due to the influence of the new global energy and environmental policies developed during the last decade. Undoubtedly, the international regulatory framework on sustainable development has been transforming the role of agriculture and especially the policies and strategies on the circular economy and bioeconomy. New and better techniques for the recovery of agricultural waste have been developed, based on industrial innovation and high technology, which has contributed to guaranteeing resource efficiency, sustainable production and consumption and the reduction of negative environmental impact.
TLR4 is a member of the toll-like receptors (TLR) immune family, which are activated by lipopolysaccharide, ethanol or damaged tissue, among others, by triggering proinflammatory cytokines release ...and inflammation. Lack of TLR4 protects against inflammatory processes and neuroinflammation linked with several neuropathologies. By considering that miRNAs are key post-transcriptional regulators of the proteins involved in distinct cellular processes, including inflammation, this study aimed to assess the impact of the miRNAs profile in mice cortices lacking the TLR4 response. Using mice cerebral cortices and next-generation sequencing (NGS), the findings showed that lack of TLR4 significantly reduced the quantity and diversity of the miRNAs expressed in WT mice cortices. The results also revealed a significant down-regulation of the miR-200 family, while cluster miR-99b/let-7e/miR-125a was up-regulated in TLR4-KO vs. WT. The bioinformatics and functional analyses demonstrated that TLR4-KO presented the systematic depletion of many pathways closely related to the immune system response, such as cytokine and interleukin signaling, MAPK and ion Channels routes, MyD88 pathways, NF-kappabeta and TLR7/8 pathways. Our results provide new insights into the molecular and biological processes associated with the protective effects of TLR-KO against inflammatory damage and neuroinflammation, and reveal the relevance of the TLR4 receptors response in many neuropathologies.
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