The objective of this work is to evaluate the ability of peptides derived from the bulge (HAV-peptides) and groove (ADT-peptides) regions of E-cadherin EC1-domain to increase the paracellular ...porosity of the intercellular junctions of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers.
Peptides were synthesized using a solid-phase method and were purified using semi-preparative HPLC. MDCK monolayers were used to evaluate the ability of cadherin peptides to modulate cadherin-cadherin interactions in the intercellular junctions. The increase in intercellular junction porosity was determined by the change in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values and the paracellular transport of 14C-mannitol.
HAV- and ADT-peptides can lower the TEER value of MDCK cell monolayers and enhance the paracellular permeation of 14C-mannitol. HAV- and ADT-decapeptides can modulate the intercellular junctions when they are added from the basolateral side but not from the apical side; on the other hand. HAV- and ADT-hexapeptides increase the paracellular porosity of the monolayers when added from either side. Conjugation of HAV- and ADT-peptides using omega-aminocaproic acid can only work to modulate the paracellular porosity when ADT-peptide is at the N-terminus and HAV-peptide is at the C-terminus; because of its size, the conjugate can only modulate the intercellular junction when added from the basolateral side.
Peptides from the bulge and groove regions of the EC1 domain of E-cadherin can inhibit cadherin-cadherin interactions, resulting in the opening of the paracellular junctions. These peptides may be used to improve paracellular permeation of peptides and proteins. Furthermore, this work suggests that both groove and bulge regions of EC-domain are important for cadherin-cadherin interactions.
Medilinker: A Patient-Centric Decentralized Health Identity Platform Using Blockchain Technology Anjum Khurshid, MD, PhD, Director, Data Integration, Co-Chief, Health Information and Data Analytic Sciences, Assistant Professor of Population Health, Affiliate Faculty, Center for Health Communication, Dell Medical School and The University of Texas; Daniel Toshio Harrell, PhD, Research Associate, The University of Texas at Austin - Dell Medical School, USA; Muhammad Usman, MS, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX ...
Blockchain in healthcare today,
07/2022, Letnik:
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The annual ConV2X is a leading international health tech symposium driving real world evidence, strategy, research, operations and trends to create a blueprint for a new digital health era. The 2021 ...symposium featured a scientific program of academic/research presentations in addition to business and industry talks. The research track focused on exploring and sharing developments in blockchain and emerging technologies in health and clinical medicine. Submissions were based on original research, conceptual frameworks, proposed applications, position papers, case studies, and real-world implementation. Selection was based on a peer-review process. Faculty, students, and industry researchers were encouraged to submit abstracts to present ideas before an informed and knowledgeable audience of industry leaders, policy makers, funders, and researchers. This presentation was selected by the scientific review committee. Submission Review Committee • Dave Kochalko, CEO of ARTiFACTS • Anjum Khurshid, UT Austin • Carlos Caldas, UT Engineering • Gil Alterovitz, Harvard Medical School • Kayo Fujimoto, UT Health Houston • Lei Zhang, University of Glasglow • Sean Manion, CSciO of ConsenSys Health • Vijayakuman Varadarajan, University of South Wales • Vikram Dhillon, Wayne State University • Yuichi Ikeda, Kyoto University
Medium-energy hadronic scattering and reactions at zero degrees are very selective to excitations with low angular momentum transfer. Only a few facilities exist worldwide where high ...energy-resolution measurements of this nature can be performed. The K600 Zero-Degree Facility at iThemba LABS, South Africa, was recently successfully developed. Measurements were performed for inelastic proton scattering at an incident energy of 200 MeV for targets ranging from 27Al to 208Pb. Excitation energy-resolution of 50 keV (FWHM) was achieved. A reasonable background subtraction procedure allows for the extraction of excitation energy spectra with low background. Measurements of the (p,t) reaction at 100 MeV benefit from a large difference in magnetic rigidity between the reaction products and primary particles, resulting in almost background-free spectra with excitation energy-resolution of 32 keV (FWHM).
Over the past two decades high energy-resolution inelastic proton scattering studies were used to gain an understanding of the origin of fine structure observed in the isoscalar giant quadrupole ...resonance (ISGQR) and the isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR). Recently, the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) in \(^{58}\)Ni, \(^{90}\)Zr, \(^{120}\)Sn and \(^{208}\)Pb was studied at the iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences (iThemba LABS) by means of inelastic \(\alpha\)-particle scattering at very forward scattering angles (including \(0\circ\)). The good energy resolution of the measurement revealed significant fine structure of the ISGMR.~To extract scales by means of wavelet analysis characterizing the observed fine structure of the ISGMR in order to investigate the role of different mechanisms contributing to its decay width. Characteristic energy scales are extracted from the fine structure using continuous wavelet transforms. The experimental energy scales are compared to different theoretical approaches performed in the framework of quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) and beyond-QRPA including complex configurations using both non-relativistic and relativistic density functional theory. All models highlight the role of Landau fragmentation for the damping of the ISGMR especially in the medium-mass region. Models which include the coupling between one particle-one hole (1p-1h) and two particle-two hole (2p-2h) configurations modify the strength distributions and wavelet scales indicating the importance of the spreading width. The effect becomes more pronounced with increasing mass number. Wavelet scales remain a sensitive measure of the interplay between Landau fragmentation and the spreading width in the description of the fine structure of giant resonances.
Inelastic \(\alpha\)-particle scattering at energies of a few hundred MeV and very-forward scattering angles including \(0^\circ\) has been established as a tool for the study of the isoscalar giant ...monopole (IS0) strength distributions in nuclei. An independent investigation of the IS0 strength in nuclei across a wide mass range was performed using the \(0^\circ\) facility at iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences (iThemba LABS), South Africa, to understand differences observed between IS0 strength distributions in previous experiments performed at the Texas A\&M University (TAMU) Cyclotron Institute, USA and the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Japan. The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) was excited in \(^{58}\)Ni, \(^{90}\)Zr, \(^{120}\)Sn and \(^{208}\)Pb using \(\alpha\)-particle inelastic scattering with \(196\) MeV \(\alpha\) beam and scattering angles \(\theta_{\text{Lab}} = 0^\circ\) and \(4^\circ\). The K\(600\) magnetic spectrometer at iThemba LABS was used to detect and momentum analyze the inelastically scattered \(\alpha\) particles. The IS0 strength distributions in the nuclei studied were deduced with the difference-of-spectra (DoS) technique including a correction factor for the \(4^\circ\) data based on the decomposition of \(L > 0\) cross sections in previous experiments. IS0 strength distributions for \(^{58}\)Ni, \(^{90}\)Zr, \(^{120}\)Sn and \(^{208}\)Pb are extracted in the excitation-energy region \(E_{\rm x} = 9 - 25\) MeV.Using correction factors extracted from the RCNP experiments, there is a fair agreement with their published IS0 results. Good agreement for IS0 strength in \(^{58}\)Ni is also obtained with correction factors deduced from the TAMU results, while marked differences are found for \(^{90}\)Zr and \(^{208}\)Pb.
The fine structure of the IsoVector Giant Dipole Resonance (IVGDR) in the doubly-magic nuclei \(^{40,48}\)Ca observed in inelastic proton scattering experiments under \(0^\circ\) is used to ...investigate the role of different mechanisms contributing to the IVGDR decay width. Characteristic energy scales are extracted from the fine structure by means of wavelet analysis. The experimental scales are compared to different theoretical approaches allowing for the inclusion of complex configurations beyond the mean-field level. Calculations are performed in the framework of RPA and beyond-RPA in a relativistic approach based on an effective meson-exchange interaction, with the UCOM effective interaction and, for the first time, with realistic two- plus three-nucleon interactions from chiral effective field theory employing the in-medium similarity renormalization group. All models highlight the role of Landau fragmentation for the damping of the IVGDR, while the differences in the coupling strength between one particle-one hole (1p-1h) and two particle-two hole (2p-2h) correlated (relativistic) and non-correlated (non-relativistic) configurations lead to very different pictures of the importance of the spreading width resulting in wavelet scales being a sensitive measure of their interplay. The relativistic approach with particle-vibration coupling, in particular, shows impressive agreement with the number and absolute values of the scales extracted from the experimental data.
Knowledge of the low-lying monopole strength in \(\mathrm{^{12}C}\) \(-\) the Hoyle state in particular \(-\) is crucial for our understanding of both the astrophysically important \(3\alpha\) ...reaction and of \(\alpha\)-particle clustering. Multiple theoretical models have predicted a breathing mode of the Hoyle State at \(E_{x} \approx 9\) MeV, corresponding to a radial in-phase oscillation of the underlying \(\alpha\) clusters. The \(\mathrm{^{12}C}(\alpha, \alpha^{\prime})\mathrm{^{12}C}\) and \(\mathrm{^{14}C}(p, t)\mathrm{^{12}C}\) reactions were employed to populate states in \(^{12}\)C in order to search for this predicted breathing mode. A self-consistent, simultaneous analysis of the inclusive spectra with R-matrix lineshapes, together with angular distributions of charged-particle decay, yielded clear evidence for excess monopole strength at \(E_{x} \approx 9\) MeV which is highly collective. Reproduction of the experimentally observed inclusive yields using a fit, with consistent population ratios for the various broad states, required an additional source of monopole strength. The interpretation of this additional monopole resonance as the breathing-mode excitation of the Hoyle state would provide evidence supporting a \(\mathcal{D}_{3h}\) symmetry for the Hoyle state itself. The excess monopole strength may complicate analysis of the properties of the Hoyle state, modifying the temperature dependence of the \(3\alpha\) rate at \(T_{9} \gtrsim 2\) and ultimately, the predicted nucleosynthesis in explosive stars.
Background: In highly deformed nuclei, there is a noticeable coupling of the Isoscalar Giant Monopole Resonance (ISGMR) and the \(K = 0\) component of the Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance ...(ISGQR), which results in a double peak structure of the isoscalar monopole (IS0) strength (a narrow low-energy deformation-induced peak and a main broad ISGMR part). The energy of the narrow low-lying IS0 peak is sensitive to both the incompressibility modulus \(K_\infty\) and the coupling between IS0 and isoscalar quadrupole (IS2) strength. Objective: This study aims to investigate the two-peaked structure of the ISGMR in the prolate \(^{24}\)Mg and oblate \(^{28}\)Si nuclei and identify among a variety of energy density functionals based on Skyrme parameterisations the one which best describes the experimental data. This will allow for conclusions regarding the nuclear incompressibility. Because of the strong IS0/IS2 coupling, the deformation splitting of the ISGQR will also be analysed. Methods: The ISGMR was excited in \(^{24}\)Mg and \(^{28}\)Si using \(\alpha\)-particle inelastic scattering measurements acquired with an \(E_\alpha = 196\) MeV beam at scattering angles \(\theta_{\text{Lab}} = 0^\circ\) and \(4^\circ\). The K\(600\) magnetic spectrometer at iThemba LABS was used to detect and momentum analyse the inelastically scattered \(\alpha\) particles. An experimental energy resolution of \(\approx 70\) keV (FWHM) was attained, revealing fine structure in the excitation-energy region of the ISGMR. The IS0 strength distributions in the nuclei studied were obtained with the Difference-of-Spectrum (DoS) technique. The theoretical comparison is based on the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) with a representative set of Skyrme forces.
Two recent studies of the evolution of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) within the calcium isotope chain report conflicting results. One study suggests that the monopole resonance ...energy, and thus the incompressibility of the nucleus \(K_{A}\) increase with mass, which implies that \(K_{\tau}\), the asymmetry term in the nuclear incompressibility, has a positive value. The other study reports a weak decreasing trend of the energy moments, resulting in a generally accepted negative value for \(K_{\tau}\). An independent measurement of the central region of the ISGMR in the Ca isotope chain is provided to gain a better understanding of the origin of possible systematic trends. Inelastically scattered \(\alpha\) particles from a range of calcium targets (\(\mathrm{^{40,42,44,48}Ca}\)), observed at small scattering angles including 0\(^\circ\), were momentum analyzed in the K600 magnetic spectrometer at iThemba LABS, South Africa. Monopole strengths spanning an excitation-energy range between 9.5 and 25.5 MeV were obtained using the difference-of-spectra (DoS) technique. The structure of the \(E0\) strength distributions of \(^{40,42,44}\)Ca agrees well with the results from the previous measurement that supports a weak decreasing trend of the energy moments, while no two datasets agree in the case of \(^{48}\)Ca. Despite the variation in the structural character of \(E0\) strength distribution from different studies, we find for all datasets that the moment ratios, calculated from the ISGMR strength in the excitation-energy range that defines the main resonance region, display at best only a weak systematic sensitivity to a mass increase. Different trends observed in the nuclear incompressibility are caused by contributions to the \(E0\) strength outside of the main resonance region, and in particular for high excitation energies.
Experiments investigating the fine structure of the IsoScalar Giant Monopole Resonance (ISGMR) of 48Ca were carried out with a 200 MeV alpha inelastic-scattering reaction, using the high ...energy-resolution capability and the zero-degree setup at the K600 magnetic spectrometer of iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa. Considerable fine structure is observed in the energy region of the ISGMR. Characteristic energy scales are extracted from the experimental data by means of a wavelet analysis and compared with the state-of-the-art theoretical calculations within a Skyrme-RPA (random phase approximation) approach using the finite-rank separable approximation with the inclusion of phonon-phonon coupling (PPC). Good agreement was observed between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions.
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