The present investigation aimed to develop inclusion complexes (ICs) from
(GAU) essential oil (EO) and its major compound
-caryophyllene (
-CAR), and to evaluate their herbicidal (against
and
) and ...cytogenotoxic (on
) activities. The ICs were obtained using 2-hydroxypropyl-
-cyclodextrin (HP
CD) and they were prepared to avoid or reduce the volatility and degradation of GAU EO and
-CAR. The ICs obtained showed a complexation efficiency of 91.5 and 83.9% for GAU EO and
-CAR, respectively. The IC of GAU EO at a concentration of 3000 µg mL
displayed a significant effect against weed species
and
. However, the
-CAR IC at a concentration of 3000 µg mL
was effective only on
. In addition, the cytogenotoxic activity evaluation revealed that there was a reduction in the mitotic index and an increase in chromosomal abnormalities. The produced ICs were able to protect the EO and
-CAR from volatility and degradation, with a high thermal stability, and they also enabled the solubilization of the EO and
-CAR in water without the addition of an organic solvent. Therefore, it is possible to indicate the obtained products as potential candidates for commercial exploration since the ICs allow the complexed EO to exhibit a more stable chemical constitution than pure EO under storage conditions.
Abstract We investigated whether essential oil and aqueous and ethanolic extracts from M. vittoriana leaves have phytotoxic effects on the germination and initial development, and cytogenotoxic ...effects on the cell cycle, of model plants. The essential oil and extracts of M. vittoriana were characterized and used as treatments in phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests. The results indicated a reduction in germinative parameters and plant growth, with the higher concentrations of extracts and essential oil having the most evident effects. The cell cycle was also affected with a reduction of the mitotic index and the presence of chromosomal and nuclear alterations. All treatments showed clastogenic and aneugenic modes of action. The results can be associated with the synergistic effects of metabolites found in the extracts and essential oil, mainly the presence of the sesquiterpene germacrene D in the essential oil and of catechins, saponins, and tannins in the extracts. These substances inhibit plant germination and growth, confirming the phytotoxic effects of M. vittoriana in plant models, which should now be tested under field conditions.
The present investigation aimed to develop inclusion complexes (ICs) from Psidium gaudichaudianum (GAU) essential oil (EO) and its major compound β-caryophyllene (β-CAR), and to evaluate their ...herbicidal (against Lolium multiflorum and Bidens pilosa) and cytogenotoxic (on Lactuca sativa) activities. The ICs were obtained using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and they were prepared to avoid or reduce the volatility and degradation of GAU EO and β-CAR. The ICs obtained showed a complexation efficiency of 91.5 and 83.9% for GAU EO and β-CAR, respectively. The IC of GAU EO at a concentration of 3000 µg mLsup.−1 displayed a significant effect against weed species B. pilosa and L. multiflorum. However, the β-CAR IC at a concentration of 3000 µg mLsup.−1 was effective only on L. multiflorum. In addition, the cytogenotoxic activity evaluation revealed that there was a reduction in the mitotic index and an increase in chromosomal abnormalities. The produced ICs were able to protect the EO and β-CAR from volatility and degradation, with a high thermal stability, and they also enabled the solubilization of the EO and β-CAR in water without the addition of an organic solvent. Therefore, it is possible to indicate the obtained products as potential candidates for commercial exploration since the ICs allow the complexed EO to exhibit a more stable chemical constitution than pure EO under storage conditions.
ABSTRACT The search for bioherbicides has been encouraged, and plants used in food or with bioactivity have been studied. Therefore, this article aimed to investigate the bioherbicidal potential of ...essential oils from Psidium cauliflorum and P. acidum through a plant toxicity bioassay using Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The seeds were treated with essential oils of both species, along with control groups treated with distilled water, dichloromethane, and glyphosate. Germination percentage (GP), germination speed index (GSI), root growth (RG), shoot length (SL), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal alterations (CA), and nuclear alterations (NA) were evaluated. The major compound of the essential oil of P. cauliflorum was α-pinene, and of P. acidum were trans-caryophyllene, β-elemene, germacrene A, and α-copaene. The essential oils from both species exhibited phytotoxic effects. P. acidum oil inhibited sorghum RG and lettuce SL, while P. cauliflorum oil reduced GP, GSI, RG, and SL in both plants, indicating higher phytotoxicity than P. acidum and non-selective behavior. Cytotoxic investigations showed that both oils inhibited the MI. CA analysis revealed that P. cauliflorum oil exhibited aneugenic and clastogenic action mechanisms. The results demonstrate the bioherbicidal potential of P. cauliflorum essential oil, in addition to being non-selective and displaying a similar inhibition rate to glyphosate.
The use of allelopathic compounds is an alternative for weeds control, since they present low toxicity when compared with the synthetic herbicides, that may cause several damages, as the ...contamination of the environment. Our objective was to determine the chemical composition and allelopathic properties of the essential oils of
Psidium cattleianum
,
P. myrtoides
,
P. friedrichsthalianum
, and
P. gaudichaudianum
on the germination and root growth of
Lactuca sativa
and
Sorghum bicolor
, and to evaluate their action on the cell cycle of root meristematic cells of
L. sativa.
The main compound found in all the studied species was (E)-caryophyllene (
P. cattleianum
—23.4 %;
P. myrtoides
—19.3%;
P. friedrichsthalianum
—24.6% and
P. gaudichaudianum
—17.0%). The different essential oils were tested at different concentrations on
L. sativa
and
S. bicolor
, reducing germination, germination speed index, and root and shoot growth of lettuce and sorghum seedlings. The cytotoxicity and aneugenic potential of these oils were evidenced by the reduction of the mitotic index and increase of the frequency of chromosomal alterations in
L. sativa
. The essential oils of the species of
Psidium
studied have potential to be used in weeds control.
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