The paper presents a model of ionic conduction in the Bakelite-based RPC detectors. This model explains why these detectors need to add water while they operate. The electrode current, according to ...the presented model, is formed mainly by the ionic sequence involving the phenol impurities left in the Bakelite and water, both left from the initial production. Similar ionic process is present in the Linseed oil polymer, where the current is carried by the fatty acid molecular impurities and by water. The Bakelite RPC operation requires the entire ionic sequence to operate smoothly to keep the electrode resistance constant.
We have tested a new gaseous detector structure based on a tandem of two parts, the first one is a single MCP plate (sometimes called the Microchannel plate or capillary plates), and the second one ...is a Micromegas with pad readout. The new detector responds very well to a single electron signal, both in helium-based and argon-based gases, and it can reach a very large gain. Our overall aim is to couple the proposed electrode structure to a Bialkali photocathode. The main advantage of this avenue of research is that such a detector would operate easily in a very large magnetic field, and it could achieve excellent position resolution and large pixelization, compared to existing vacuum-based MCP-PMT detectors.
The detector of internally reflected Cherenkov (DIRC) radiation is the ring imaging Cherenkov detector of the BABAR detector at the Pep-II ring of SLAC. The Cherenkov radiators consist of 4.9-m-long ...rectangular fused silica bars each glued together from four equal pieces. The photon detector is a water tank equipped with an array of 10752 conventional photomultipliers. The current study attempts to identify sources of photonic background generated in the DIRC bars. A conclusion of this work is that there are two major sources: one such component consists of photons created by the delta-ray electrons in the fused silica. The second component comes from the reflections of photons from the EPOTEK-301-2 glue-fused silica interface while they are traveling in the bars. The reflection occurs because of a slight mismatch of the refractive indices.
The final version of the multiwire single-electron detector for the Cerenkov ring imaging device of the Stanford Linear Collider Detector is described. Recent research-and-development efforts to ...define the design parameters are reported. These were concerned with computer simulations necessary for the detector design; wire aging and its solution; surface resistivity and voltage breakdown of G-10 in a TMAE environment; corona studies for various gases; wire breaking in the spark; measured mechanical characteristics of 7- mu m carbon wires; wire-stretching technique for 7- mu m carbon wires; and wire tension measuring for th final detector. The details of the geometry of the detector and experimental tests with the detector itself are discussed.< >
The authors present recent progress on the construction and testing of the first drift boxes and single-electron detectors as they come from the production line. These detectors will be used for ...particle identification using the ring imaging technique in the SLD (Standard Linear Collider Large Detector) experiment. Various experimental results are presented, including single-electron pulse height measurements as a function of gas gain, detector gating capability, uniformity of response across the wire plane, charge division performance of a single-electron signal, average pulse shape and its comparison with predicted shape, and crosstalk.< >
The authors report on the development of the Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) for the SLD experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider. They outline recent progress in engineering and construction ...techniques that will greatly simplify the manufacture of the 40 quartz-window drift tubes required for the barrel CRID. Progress in the preliminary design of the endcap CRID is reviewed, and the development of operating, monitoring, and control systems for the complete detector is discussed.< >
This paper analyzes the monetary policy response to rising inflation in emerging and developing countries associated with the food and oil price shocks in 2007 and the first half of 2008. It reviews ...inflation developments in a sample of countries covering all regions and a broad range of monetary and exchange rate policy regimes; discusses the underlying causes of inflation; provides a synthesis of policy responses taken against the background of the conflicting objectives and trade-offs, the uncertainties regarding the nature of the shocks, and the additional challenges brought on by the global financial turmoil; and presents considerations for policy.
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