In the search for novel natural compounds effective against visceral nociception, the triterpenoid mixture alpha- and beta-amyrin, isolated from Protium heptaphyllum resin, was assessed in two ...established mouse models of visceral nociception. Mice were pretreated orally with alpha- and beta-amyrin (3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg) or vehicle, and the pain-related behavioral responses to intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide or to intracolonic mustard oil were analyzed. The triterpenoid mixture showed a dose-related significant antinociception against the cyclophosphamide-induced bladder pain, and at 100 mg/kg, the nociceptive behavioral expression was almost completely suppressed. Intracolonic mustard oil-induced nociceptive behaviors were maximally inhibited by 10 mg/kg alpha- and beta-amyrin mixture in a naloxone-reversible manner. While pretreatment with ruthenium red (3 mg/kg, s. c.), a non-specific transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1) antagonist, also caused significant inhibition, the alpha (2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine (2 mg/kg, s. c.), showed no significant effect. The triterpene mixture (10 mg/kg, p. o.) neither altered significantly the pentobarbital sleeping time, nor impaired the ambulation or motor coordination in open-field and rotarod tests, respectively, indicating the absence of sedative or motor abnormalities that could account for its antinociception. These results indicate that the antinociceptive potential of alpha- and beta-amyrin possibly involves the opioid and vanilloid (TRPV1) receptor mechanisms and further suggests that it could be useful to treat visceral pain of intestinal and pelvic origins.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fluoride (F) dentifrice with different F concentrations on root dentine de-/remineralization. Ten healthy volunteers took part in this randomized, ...double-blinded, cross-over, and split-mouth in situ experimental study. During 4 phases of 7 days, they wore a palatal appliance containing 4 bovine dentine blocks (2 sound and 2 with caries) of 4 × 4 × 2 mm. Treatments were performed with silica-based dentifrices containing 0, 700, 1,300, and 5,000 µg F/g (F as NaF). To provide a cariogenic challenge, a 20% sucrose solution was dripped 3 and 8 times daily on the carious-like and sound blocks, respectively. After each experimental phase, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) or recovery (%SHR) was calculated and the fluoride concentration in the biofilm was determined. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test with p at 5%. The relationship between variables was analyzed by linear regression. The results showed a lower %SHL when 5,000 µg F/g dentifrice was used but without a statistically significant difference from the conventional one (1,300 µg F/g). Regarding remineralization and F in biofilms, the high-fluoride dentifrice was expressively superior in mineral replacement on the surface and in the F concentration in the biofilms, respectively, compared to the other 3 products (p < 0.05). Also, a significant linear fit between mineral loss/gain, F in biofilms, and fluoride concentration in the dentifrices could be observed. In conclusion, a dose-response F effect was observed, and the high-fluoride dentifrice was effective in enhancing root dentine remineralization in this short-term in situ study.
High-fluoride dentifrice is used to manage root caries, but there is no evidence whether its association with nanohydroxyapatite could provide an additional protection for root caries. Therefore, ...this study aimed to develop and evaluate the effect of an experimental dentifrice with high fluoride (F
) concentration and nanohydroxyapatite (nano-HA) on root dentin demineralization.
After formulation of dentifrices, root dentin specimens were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 10) using different dentifrice treatments: placebo; nano-HA without F
; 1,100 µg F
/g; 1,100 µg F
/g + nano-HA; 5,000 µg F
/g; and 5,000 µg F
/g + nano-HA. A pH cycling model was performed for 10 days, in which treatments were performed twice a day. After that period, the longitudinal hardness was evaluated and the area of demineralization (ΔS) was calculated. The formulated dentifrices were evaluated for primary stability, cytotoxicity, and other technical parameters. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test with p set at 5% were used for data analysis.
The experimental dentifrices were stable and had no cytotoxicity. Regarding dentin demineralization, the placebo group significantly increased ΔS compared to all other treatment groups (p<0.001). The dentifrices containing 5,000 µg F
/g, regardless of the presence of nano-HA, led to a smaller lesion area in relation to the other treatments (p<0.001).
The findings of this study suggest that nano-HA reduced dentin demineralization, and dentifrice with 5,000 µg F
/g dentifrices, regardless of the presence of nano-HA, showed a greater reduction in root dentin demineralization.
Helicobacter pylori is a common component of the human stomach microbiota, possibly dating back to the speciation of Homo sapiens. A history of pathogen evolution in allopatry has led to the ...development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations, associated with different human populations, and more recent admixture among H. pylori subpopulations can provide information about human migrations. However, little is known about the degree to which some H. pylori genes are conserved in the face of admixture, potentially indicating host adaptation, or how virulence genes spread among different populations. We analyzed H. pylori genomes from 14 countries in the Americas, strains from the Iberian Peninsula, and public genomes from Europe, Africa, and Asia, to investigate how admixture varies across different regions and gene families. Whole-genome analyses of 723 H. pylori strains from around the world showed evidence of frequent admixture in the American strains with a complex mosaic of contributions from H. pylori populations originating in the Americas as well as other continents. Despite the complex admixture, distinctive genomic fingerprints were identified for each region, revealing novel American H. pylori subpopulations. A pan-genome Fst analysis showed that variation in virulence genes had the strongest fixation in America, compared with non-American populations, and that much of the variation constituted non-synonymous substitutions in functional domains. Network analyses suggest that these virulence genes have followed unique evolutionary paths in the American populations, spreading into different genetic backgrounds, potentially contributing to the high risk of gastric cancer in the region.
Exposure to environmental pollutants in critical developmental windows may predispose the prostate to permanent changes in its homeostasis. Thus, it is essential to know the effects that ...environmental toxics, such as aluminum, can cause during the development of this gland. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neonatal aluminum exposure on the ventral male prostate and the female prostate of 15 days old gerbils.
Male and female gerbils were exposed orally to 10 mg/kg/day of aluminum chloride from the 1st to the 14th postnatal day life. At 15 days of life, gerbils were euthanized and their prostates were collected for biometric, morphological, morphometric, immunohistochemical and three-dimensional reconstruction analyzes.
Al exposure caused a reduction in body weight in males and a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in females. Prostate branching morphogenesis was intensified in males, who had greater length, number and area of prostatic epithelial buds. Additionally, Al altered the prostate hormonal regulation of males and females, causing up regulation of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor alpha in the female prostate, and increased immunostaining of the androgen receptor in the ventral male prostate. These changes were associated with an increased rate of epithelial and stromal cell proliferation in both sexes.
Together, these results indicate that Al altered the neonatal development of the prostate and that this metal acted as an endocrine disruptor in this gland.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) content, in vitro digestibility of starch, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ...nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn), and apparent and apparent nitrogen-corrected coefficient of metabolizable energy (ACME and ACMEn) of three corn hybrids dried at different temperatures in the diets of broiler chickens. The energetic values were determined by the total collection of excreta method, using broilers from 11 to 21 d, placed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (three corn hybrids and two drying temperatures: 80 and 110 °C), totalizing six treatments, seven replicates, and four birds/replicate. The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA. There was an interaction between the two factors tested wherein the AME and AMEn were increased when using corn Hybrid 1 dried at 80 °C. As main effects, the use of corn Hybrid 3 increased ACME and ACMEn. The drying temperature of 110 °C increased amylose, resistant starch, and nitrogen bound to the fiber contents, and reduced soluble:total NSP ratio. These changes may be responsible for the differences in digestibility of nutrients. The mean values of AME and AMEn of corn dried at 80 and 110 °C were 14.03 and 13.84 MJ/kg, respectively, and 81.62 and 80.53% for ACME and ACMEn, respectively.
Objective
This in situ study evaluated the effect of high-fluoride dentifrice (5000 μg F
−
/g) and fluoride-containing bonding composite resin on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic ...brackets.
Methods
Ten volunteers wore palatal appliances containing bovine enamel blocks with metallic brackets bonded with fluoride-free or fluoride-containing composite resin. During three phases of 14 days each, three dentifrices with different fluoride concentrations (0, 1100, and 5000 μg F
−
/g) were tested. The cariogenic challenge consisted of 20% sucrose solution dripped 8x/day onto the dental blocks. At the end of each phase, biofilm formed was collected for fluoride analysis. Cross section hardness was performed in enamel blocks, and the lesion area was calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test (α = 5%).
Results
The only signicant factor for all the variables under study was the dentifrice. Smaller lesion area and higher fluoride concentration on biofilm were found in 5000 μg F
−
/g group, irrespective of bonding composite resin (
p
< 0.001). Neither bracket-bonding composite resin nor the interaction between the factors was statistically significant (
p
> 0.05) for all the variables.
Conclusion
High-fluoride dentifrice is effective in reducing demineralization on enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets, while the fluoride-containing bonding composite resin does not influence it.
Clinical Significance
Since high-fluoride dentifrice was able to reduce demineralization adjacent to brackets, it can be an option to caries management in orthodontics patients.
Helicobacter pyloriis a common component of the human stomach microbiota, possibly dating back to the speciation ofHomo sapiens. A history of pathogen evolution in allopatry has led to the ...development of genetically distinctH. pylorisubpopulations, associated with different human populations, and more recent admixture amongH. pylorisubpopulations can provide information about human migrations. However, little is known about the degree to which someH. pylorigenes are conserved in the face of admixture, potentially indicating host adaptation, or how virulence genes spread among different populations. We analyzedH. pylorigenomes from 14 countries in the Americas, strains from the Iberian Peninsula, and public genomes from Europe, Africa, and Asia, to investigate how admixture varies across different regions and gene families. Whole-genome analyses of 723H. pyloristrains from around the world showed evidence of frequent admixture in the American strains with a complex mosaic of contributions fromH. pyloripopulations originating in the Americas as well as other continents. Despite the complex admixture, distinctive genomic fingerprints were identified for each region, revealing novel AmericanH. pylorisubpopulations. A pan-genome Fst analysis showed that variation in virulence genes had the strongest fixation in America, compared with non-American populations, and that much of the variation constituted non-synonymous substitutions in functional domains. Network analyses suggest that these virulence genes have followed unique evolutionary paths in the American populations, spreading into different genetic backgrounds, potentially contributing to the high risk of gastric cancer in the region.
Objective
To evaluate root dentine demineralisation, biomass and loosely bound fluoride (CaF2) concentration according to different frequencies of sucrose exposure using a high‐fluoride dentifrice.
...Background
Although high‐fluoride dentifrice has been recommended to arrest root dentine lesions, it is not clear whether it can protect dentine from increased frequencies of sucrose exposure.
Methods
An in situ, crossover, split‐mouth study was conducted in 3 phases with 7 days each, in which 10 volunteers used a palatal device containing 4 bovine root dentine slabs (2 on each side) with predetermined initial hardness. Cariogenic challenge consisted in dripping a 20% sucrose solution 0 (control), 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 times/d in each block. Volunteers used high‐fluoride dentifrice (NaF, 5000 µg F/g) 3 times/d. After each phase, final hardness was measured and the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) calculated. Also, biomass and CaF2 concentration on dentine were determined. The data were processed and analysed by ANOVA and Tukey test with significance level set at 5%. The relationship between the variables was analysed by linear regression and Pearson correlation (r).
Results
%SHL and biomass were significantly greater than control for sucrose frequencies higher than 6 times/d (P < 0.001), while CaF2 concentration decreased from sucrose frequency higher than 2 times/d (P < 0.001). Regression analysis data showed a significant linear fit between sucrose exposure frequency and the studied variables with a strong correlation (r) for %SHL and CaF2 and moderate for biomass (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
High‐fluoride dentifrice is able to reduce root dentine demineralisation if sucrose consumption is not higher than 6 times/d.
Introdução: Devido à pandemia causada pelo CoViD-19, os treinos e competições de futsal estiveram suspensos por longo período e fez-se necessário investigar a saúde mental e a qualidade de vida de ...atletas de futsal. Objetivo: Analisar as associações de qualidade de vida, níveis de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia em atletas amadoras de futsal. Métodos: Estudo transversal, composto por 52 atletas amadoras (26,54±6,71) de futsal feminino residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi aplicado o questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life – versão abreviada (WHOQOL-Breve) para a avaliação da qualidade de vida e a escala Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) para analisar o nível de ansiedade e depressão. Ambos os instrumentos foram aplicados pela ferramenta Google Forms. Resultados: Houve correlação positiva de níveis de ansiedade com níveis de depressão (p<0,001; r=0,801) e correlação negativa de tempo de prática do futsal com sintomas de ansiedade (p=0,009; r=-0,359) e escore total de ansiedade e depressão (p=0,020; r=-0,320). Além disso, foram encontradas correlações negativas de níveis de ansiedade (p=0,005; r=-0,386) e depressão (p=0,003; r=-0,407) com a percepção de qualidade de vida. Conclusão: o estudo aponta que maior percepção nos níveis de qualidade de vida de atletas amadoras de futsal está relacionado a menores níveis de ansiedade e depressão. É levantada a importância das análises sobre os quadros psicológicos na vida das atletas, no qual a redução dos níveis de ansiedade pode estar relacionada ao maior tempo de prática do futsal.
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