Abstract
In recent years, interest in complementary methods to high-energy-frontier colliders to investigate the physics of elementary particles and forces has grown. This development is driven by ...the so-far negative results of searches for new particles with high masses at the Large Hadron Collider, and by theoretical attempts to account for neutrino masses and to solve cosmological puzzles such as dark matter, dark energy and the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. Traditionally, CERN has hosted a wealth of accelerator and non-accelerator projects below the high-energy frontier, in which more than a thousand physicists are currently involved. The Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study was launched three years ago to explore the future of this field. Here we give an overview of the various PBC proposals, ranging from explorations of the dark sector to precision measurements of strongly interacting processes. The methodology employed to compare the reach of those projects — based on a set of common benchmark models — has raised interest in the collider, neutrino and non-accelerator communities and may provide a comprehensive overview of how the parameter range for physics beyond the Standard Model should be explored in the worldwide context.
In this work, we propose a tensorial description for a thermodynamics of dissipative continua compatible with the Galilean physics. With this aim in view, we emphasize the role of Bargmann’s group, a ...central extension of Galilei’s one. We introduce a new divergence-free 2-rank mixed momentum tensor gathering the energy, the linear momentum and mass density. We recover the balances of energy, linear momentum and mass. From an additive decomposition of this momentum tensor, we deduce the invariance of the production of entropy.
The MEUST infrastructure for neutrino astronomy Destelle, Jean-Jacques; Vallée, Claude
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
10/2013, Letnik:
725
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We present the infrastructure of the MEUST observatory (Mediterranean Eurocentre for Underwater Sciences and Technologies) being developed offshore of Toulon in the context of the KM3NeT and EMSO ...European consortiums, with emphasis on the submarine network and its use for neutrino astronomy.
Abstract A recent paper has described a new functional method, the symmetrical centre of rotation (SCoRE), for locating joint centre position Ehrig, R.M., Taylor, W.R., Duda, G.N., Heller, M.O., ...2006. A survey of formal methods for determining the centre of rotation of ball joints. Journal of Biomechanics 39 (15), 2798–2809. For in vitro analyses, the SCoRE method showed better precision than helical axis (HA) or sphere fitting methods. Despites HA determination is very sensitive to small angular velocity, the International Society of Biomechanics has recommended to use HA for locating the glenohumeral joint centre. This paper aims at comparing the SCoRE method with the HA method for locating in vivo the glenohumeral joint centre according to the movement characteristics. Nine subjects performed 10 cycles of three different movements at two different velocities. For each test (combination of movements) the location of the centre of rotation was estimated with both methods (SCoRE and HA). Analyses focused on the 3D location of the glenohumeral joint centre and on the repeatability of location (standard deviation). This study showed that SCoRE and HA methods yielded the same GH location. Nevertheless, with SCoRE method, the location of the glenohumeral joint centre was different according to the test. This study evidenced that the SCoRE method was more precise than HA method (error of 3 mm versus 4.6 mm) and that the GH location with the SCoRE method was not affected by movements with slow velocities.
We extend in this paper the classical variational methods devoted to solve the Dirichlet-Neumann problems. We assume that the intensive and extensive parameters are related by a maximal monotone ...multifunction. The Fitzpatrick’s method allows us to elaborate new variational principles.
In this paper, an inverse approach based on gradient conjugate method for thermal conductivity tensor and heat capacity per unit volume measurement is summarized. A suitable analysis is done for the ...mesh in finite element method and for the time steps for the time integration. For a composite material, it is shown the importance to identify the thermal conductivity tensor components in the principal axes.
In this paper, we study the geometric structure of the 2D elasticity tensor space using the representation theory of linear groups. We use Kelvin’s notation system in which
acts on the 2D stress ...tensors as subgroup of
. We present the method in the simple case of the stress tensors and we recover Mohr’s circle construction. Next, we apply it to the elasticity tensors. We explicitly provide a linear frame of the elastic tensor space in which the representation of the rotation group is decomposed into irreductible subspaces. Thanks to five independent invariants chosen among six, an elasticity tensor in 2D can be represented by a closed line or, in degenerated cases, by a circle or a point. The elasticity tensor space, parameterized with these invariants, consists in the union of a manifold of dimension 5, two volumes and a surface. The complete description requires five polynomial invariants, two linear, two quadratic and one cubic. We reveal the physical and geometrical meaning of these invariants and we propose a simple method to determine the elastic behaviour of an anisotropic material of which the symmetry is not known
a priori
, thanks to invariant measures of the lack of symmetry with respect to class of materials.
This is a survey of recent results about bipotentials representing multivalued operators. The notion of bipotential is based on an extension of Fenchel’s inequality, with several interesting ...applications related to non-associated constitutive laws in non-smooth mechanics, such as Coulomb frictional contact or non-associated Drücker-Prager model in plasticity.
Relations between bipotentials and Fitzpatrick functions are described. Selfdual Lagrangians, introduced and studied by Ghoussoub, can be seen as bipotentials representing maximal monotone operators. We show that bipotentials can represent some monotone but not maximal operators, as well as non-monotone operators.
Further we describe results concerning the construction of a bipotential which represents a given non-monotone operator, by using convex Lagrangian covers or bipotential convex covers. At the end we prove a new reconstruction theorem for a bipotential from a convex Lagrangian cover, this time using a convexity notion related to a minimax theorem of Fan.
Optimal synthesis of human movement or the prediction of the kinematics of a new movement require not only that the multi-body system be modeled but also that a performance criterion is specified. ...For sub-maximal movements the selection of a suitable performance criterion, able to generate realistic dynamic behavior is difficult. A two-dimensional simulation model of the take-off phase of a sub-maximal long jump was developed to study the effect of criterion choice on the realism of simulated movements. A parametric optimization technique was employed to obtain solutions to the constrained equations of motion. Seven different criteria were evaluated, by comparing simulated movements with an actual performance, to identify the criterion which most closely approximated that spontaneously minimized by the athlete. Synthesis of the take-off phase of a sub-maximal long jump was found to be sensitive to the chosen criterion, with a criterion based on minimizing joint intersegmental forces found to perform well.
We propose a rigorous variational formulation and an algorithm for solving the discretisation in time of the evolution problem for an implicit standard material, in terms of bipotentials.
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