RIQUEZA DEL REGISTRO FÓSIL DE JALISCO, MÉXICO Margarito Mora-Núñez; Claudia Aurora Uribe Mú; Yalma Luisa Vargas Rodríguez ...
APA publicación electrónica,
11/2023, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
En el estado de Jalisco, localizado en el oeste de México, se encuentran yacimientos fósiles que abarcan desde el Cretácico inferior al Cuaternario. En este trabajo se presenta una lista sistemática ...del registro fósil de Jalisco, México, y se analiza la composición de su riqueza. Fue revisada la literatura global sobre el tema y consultadas las colecciones que poseen material fósil de la región. Se obtuvieron un total de 293 especies organizadas en tres reinos, seis phyla, 12 clases, 49 órdenes, 87 familias y 184 géneros. Un total de 67 especies (22,9%) son microfósiles y 226 (77,1%) son macrofósiles. Los microfósiles incluyen dos especies de foraminíferos (3%) y 65 de diatomeas (97%). Entre los macrofósiles, el grupo mayormente representado a nivel de clase es Mammalia con 110 especies (48,7%), seguido por Gastropoda con 37 (16,4%), Sauropsida con 35 (15,5%) y Teleostei con 30 (13,3%); las clases con menor representación son Isopoda, Scaphopoda, Amphibia y Magnoliopsida con un registro cada una. El periodo mejor representado es el Cuaternario, con 199 especies (67,9%), seguido por el Neógeno con 49 especies (16,7%) y, finalmente, el Cretácico con 45 (15,4%). Por localidad, la más rica es Chapala y Zacoalco para el Cuaternario, Tecolotlán para el Neógeno y Tamazula para el Cretácico. Las especies incluidas fueron registradas desde 1875 hasta el 2022.
En esta investigación se abordan las percepciones acerca de conflictos ambientales en Talpa de Allende, Jalisco. En este municipio, recientemente, se estableció un Área Natural Protegida y se declaró ...la cabecera municipal como Pueblo Mágico. A través de una encuesta y análisis de regresión se encontró que los conflictos ambientales más destacados de la región fueron el empobrecimiento de los suelos, el deterioro de calidad del aire, del agua de ríos y riachuelos y la tala excesiva de árboles. Sin embargo, sólo al intensificarse la escasez de agua y al bajar la frecuencia de lluvias se logró identificar una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la calidad de vida percibida.
Bray and Curtis ordination was used to explore which environmental variables explained importance values and the presence-absence of tropical tree seedlings, saplings and adults in La Escondida-La ...Cabaña, Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, Mexico. The diameters of trees ≥2.5 cm DBH and the presence and height of seedlings and saplings were measured in nine 0.1 ha sites. Four matrices including presence-absence data and importance value indices for trees and seedlings and saplings were analyzed through Bray and Curtis ordination. The matrices were based on density, frequency, and dominance of adult trees as well as seedlings and saplings. The environmental matrix consisted of 18 variables, including elevation, slope, canopy gaps, disturbance, and soil variables. We recorded 63 tree species and 38 seedling and sapling species in the nine sites. The ordination explained 70.9% of the variation in importance value data for trees and 62.6% for seedlings and saplings. The variation explained in presence-absence data for trees was 67.1 and 77.4% for seedlings and saplings. The variance in the ordination axes of seedlings and sapling presence-absence data was poorly explained by the number of gaps in the tree, shrub, or herb layer, suggesting little light specialization by seedlings and saplings. Habitat specialization for soil nutrients appears to be important in explaining the presence-absence of seedlings and saplings. Seedling and sapling specialization along different soil microsites could promote species coexistence in this forest, while heterogeneity in light conditions may instead determine differences in growth and, thus, importance value of trees. We hypothesize that in tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico, a habitat specialization for soil resources is likely more important at early stages in tree life histories than in later life history.
Agave vazquezgarciae Cházaro & J. A. Lomelí, a new species from the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve, Sierra de Cacoma, and Sierra de Cuale in southern Jalisco, Mexico, is described and ...illustrated. It belongs to subgenus Littaea (Tagliabue) Baker, group Amolae, and appears to be closely related to A. pedunculifera Trelease, which also occurs in western Mexico, including Jalisco. It differs from the latter in having a taller spike, much larger flowers, and firm, fibrous leaves that are narrower and have a larger, stouter terminal spine.
The cloud forest sugar maple, Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii, occurs as five disjunct populations, four in Mexico and one in Guatemala. I assessed the current status, distribution, and environmental ...relations of forests containing these populations, and I compared the species composition of these forests with other temperate and cloud forests in North and Central America. I gave special emphasis to a recently discovered population in Talpa de Allende, Jalisco, Mexico, by assessing its tree richness and generic composition in a continental context. In the five studied cloud forest sugar maple populations, basal area of all trees ¡Ý1 cm DBH varied between 25.7-52.2 m2ha-1, and density ranged from 990-2929 trees per ha. A. saccharum subsp. skutchii represented 7-43% of the total basal area and 1-16% of the tree stems. Bray&Curtis ordination of cloud forest sugar maple populations indicated that most of the variation in relative tree abundance could be explained by soil characteristics and presence of canopy gaps. More cloud forest sugar maples occurred in sites with higher soil moisture (r=0.716). In contrast, a NMS ordination indicated that the majority of the variance in community composition of all temperate and cloud forests analyzed was related to latitude, elevation, and precipitation. Tree species richness of Talpa de Allende and 14 other temperate and cloud forests around the world was significantly different (F=27.53, p=<0.0001). Species richness of forest in Asia and Talpa de Allende did not differ. In addition, generic composition was similar for forests in Asia and Talpa. Based on NMS ordination and Ward s classification, I hypothesize that six forest sites in Jalisco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Hidalgo (Mexico) contain a unique and ancient flora, were connected and shared species before the Pleistocene, and currently function as tree refuges of that ancient flora. Based on the limited distribution of cloud forest sugar maple and its small number of extant populations I propose the inclusion of A. saccharum subsp. skutchii in the IUCN Red List Catalog and as Endangered in the Guatemalan Species Red List. In addition, I propose the creation of a 56,394.9 ha Biosphere Reserve in Talpa de Allende.
The cloud forest sugar maple, Acer saccharum subsp. skutchii, occurs as five disjunct populations, four in Mexico and one in Guatemala. I assessed the current status, distribution, and environmental ...relations of forests containing these populations, and I compared the species composition of these forests with other temperate and cloud forests in North and Central America. I gave special emphasis to a recently discovered population in Talpa de Allende, Jalisco, Mexico, by assessing its tree richness and generic composition in a continental context. In the five studied cloud forest sugar maple populations, basal area of all trees ¡Ý1 cm DBH varied between 25.7-52.2 m2ha-1, and density ranged from 990-2929 trees per ha. A. saccharum subsp. skutchii represented 7-43% of the total basal area and 1-16% of the tree stems. Bray & Curtis ordination of cloud forest sugar maple populations indicated that most of the variation in relative tree abundance could be explained by soil characteristics and presence of canopy gaps. More cloud forest sugar maples occurred in sites with higher soil moisture (r=0.716). In contrast, a NMS ordination indicated that the majority of the variance in community composition of all temperate and cloud forests analyzed was related to latitude, elevation, and precipitation. Tree species richness of Talpa de Allende and 14 other temperate and cloud forests around the world was significantly different (F=27.53, p=<0.0001). Species richness of forest in Asia and Talpa de Allende did not differ. In addition, generic composition was similar for forests in Asia and Talpa. Based on NMS ordination and Ward s classification, I hypothesize that six forest sites in Jalisco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Hidalgo (Mexico) contain a unique and ancient flora, were connected and shared species before the Pleistocene, and currently function as tree refuges of that ancient flora. Based on the limited distribution of cloud forest sugar maple and its small number of extant populations I propose the inclusion of A. saccharum subsp. skutchii in the IUCN Red List Catalog and as Endangered in the Guatemalan Species Red List. In addition, I propose the creation of a 56,394.9 ha Biosphere Reserve in Talpa de Allende.
Agave valenciana (Agavaceae), a new species from Jalisco, western Mexico, is described and illustrated. This species is endemic to a small section of the canyons of the Mascota and Talpa rivers. It ...belongs to the Agave subgenus Agave L. and to the Marmoratae species group. It appears to be closely related to A. marmorata Roezl from Puebla and Oaxaca. It differs from the latter in having a much larger rosette diameter, it has fewer but longer and wider leaves, much larger flowers, and it grows in less arid environments. This discovery has implications for "raicilla" production, an alcoholic tequila-like beverage traditionally manufactured in western Jalisco, Mexico. /// Se describe y se ilustra Agave valenciana (Agavaceae), una especie nueva de Jalisco, en el occidente de México. Esta especie es endémica de una porción de las cuencas de los ríos Mascota y Talpa. Pertenece al subgénero Agave L. y al grupo Marmoratae. Su pariente más cercano parece ser A. marmorata Roezl de Puebla y Oaxaca. Difiere de esta última en tener un mayor diámetro de roseta, menos hojas pero más largas y anchas, flores más grandes y crece en ambientes menos áridos. Este descubrimiento tiene implicaciones en la producción de "raicilla", una bebida similar al tequila que se produce tradicionalmente en el oeste de Jalisco, México.
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