A
bstract
The large and growing library of measurements from the Large Hadron Collider has significant power to constrain extensions of the Standard Model. We consider such constraints on a ...well-motivated model involving a gauged and spontaneously-broken
B
−
L
symmetry, within the C
ontur
framework. The model contains an extra Higgs boson, a gauge boson, and right-handed neutrinos with Majorana masses. This new particle content implies a varied phenomenology highly dependent on the parameters of the model, very well-suited to a general study of this kind. We find that existing LHC measurements significantly constrain the model in interesting regions of parameter space. Other regions remain open, some of which are within reach of future LHC data.
Aims
Plant root‐associated rhizobacteria elicit plant immunity referred to as induced systemic tolerance (IST) against multiple abiotic stresses. Among multibacterial determinants involved in IST, ...the induction of IST and promotion of growth by putative bacterial volatile compounds (VOCs) is reported in the present study.
Methods and Results
To characterize plant proteins induced by putative bacterial VOCs, proteomic analysis was performed by MALDI‐MS/MS after exposure of soybean seedlings to a new strain of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Pseudomonas simiae strain AU. Furthermore, expression analysis by Western blotting confirmed that the vegetative storage protein (VSP), gamma‐glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) and RuBisCo large chain proteins were significantly up‐regulated by the exposure to AU strain and played a major role in IST. VSP has preponderant roles in N accumulation and mobilization, acid phosphatase activity and Na+ homeostasis to sustain plant growth under stress condition. More interestingly, plant exposure to the bacterial strain significantly reduced Na+ and enhanced K+ and P content in root of soybean seedlings under salt stress. In addition, high accumulation of proline and chlorophyll content also provided evidence of protection against osmotic stress during the elicitation of IST by bacterial exposure.
Conclusions
The present study reported for the first time that Ps. simiae produces a putative volatile blend that can enhance soybean seedling growth and elicit IST against 100 mmol l−1 NaCl stress condition.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The identification of such differentially expressed proteins provide new targets for future studies that will allow assessment of their physiological roles and significance in the response of glycophytes to stresses. Further work should uncover more about the chemical side of VOC compounds and a detailed study about their molecular mechanism responsible for plant growth.
A thermotolerant yeast capable of fermenting xylose to xylitol at 40°C was isolated and identified as a strain of Debaryomyces hansenii by ITS sequencing. This paper reports the production of xylitol ...from d-xylose and sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose by free and Ca-alginate immobilized cells of D. hansenii. The efficiency of free and immobilized cells were compared for xylitol production from d-xylose and hemicellulose in batch culture at 40°C. The maximum xylitol produced by free cells was 68.6g/L from 100g/L of xylose, with a yield of 0.76g/g and volumetric productivity 0.44g/L/h. The yield of xylitol and volumetric productivity were 0.69g/g and 0.28g/L/h respectively from hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse after detoxification with activated charcoal and ion exchange resins. The Ca-alginate immobilized D. hansenii cells produced 73.8g of xylitol from 100g/L of xylose with a yield of 0.82g/g and volumetric productivity of 0.46g/L/h and were reused for five batches with steady bioconversion rates and yields.
•First detailed work-up procedure for preparing spherical shaped nanoparticles of carboxy functionalized cellulose.•Thermal stability and morphologies showed progressive oxidation produced non-nano ...fibrils and spherical nanoparticles.•Only at ∼14% oxidation DTG showed 3 peaks, due to the glucuronic moiety appearing separately from the amorphous and crystalline peaks.•Improved solubility of the functionalized celluloses and their nanoparticles observed, enabling further applications.
Agricultural residues derived cellulose was used to synthesize a new series of carboxy functionalized cellulosic nanoparticles (quasi-spherical shaped, 13.2–21.5% carboxyl content) and macro-sized 6-carboxycelluloses (long-fibril shaped, 1.7–22% carboxyl content). The DP (50–70) and yield (upto 46%) of nanoparticles were manipulated by controlling the reaction temperature and time. TGA/DTG thermographs of the carboxycelluloses gave thermostability data and co-related well with the residual crystalline, amorphous, and anhydroglucuronic acid content. The particle shape and size had no effect on the thermal stability. Some derivatives were fully or partially soluble in aqueous alkali and non-aqueous solvents, which can lead to increased versatility of these polymers.
The rainfall over the Indian region, governed majorly by the monsoonal flow, is a point of research in the perspective of climate change. In this paper, we compute the change points in the rainfall ...series at every grid of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) daily gridded rainfall data for a period of 120 years (1901 to 2020). The map shows clearly demarcated regions indicating different zones, where the rainfall statistics have altered at different periods. It is observed that in a major part of central India, the shift in rainfall intensity is mainly associated with the time frame 1955–1965; in the Indo-Gangetic plain, the changes are found to be more recent (1990), while the latest changes (post 2000) are observed particularly for North Eastern region and some parts along the East Indian coast. The changeover years are significant at a 95% confidence level for most part of the Indian landmass. The causes may be surmised due to moisture transport from the Arabian Sea (Central India), the presence of aerosol (Gangetic Plain), and the possible revival of monsoon due to land–ocean gradient (Eastern coast and North East India). This is the first-ever study which provides a comprehensive daily rainfall change point map over India using 120 years of gridded station data.
For the period 2001–2020, the interannual variability of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is investigated in connection to Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR). According to ...Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI data, the ISMR and the vegetative activity of the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) in the month of January show a significant negative association. We hypothesized that the January vegetation state affects the ISMR via a delayed hydrological response, in which the wet soil moisture anomaly formed throughout the winter to accommodate the water needs of intensive farming influences the ISMR. The soil moisture anomalies developed in the winter, particularly in the root zone, persisted throughout the summer. Evaporative cooling triggered by increasing soil moisture lowers the summer surface temperature across the IGP. The weakening of monsoon circulation as a result of the reduced intensity of land-sea temperature contrast led in rainfall suppression. Further investigation shows that moisture transport has increased significantly over the past two decades as a result of increasing westerly over the Arabian Sea, promoting rainfall over India. Agriculture activities, on the other hand, have resulted in greater vegetation in India’s northwest and IGP during the last two decades, which has a detrimental impact on rainfall processes. Rainfall appears to have been trendless during the last two decades as a result of these competing influences. With a lead time of 5 months, this association between January’s vegetation and ISMR could be one of the potential predictors of seasonal rainfall variability.
Hydro-Estimator method-based rain retrieval technique, successfully providing rain estimates from INSAT-3D/3DR, is modified to provide rain from Sea Surface Temperature Monitor-1 (SSTM-1) payload ...aboard the upcoming EOS-6 mission of Indian Space Research Organisation. Pre-launch study utilises moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer instrument aboard Terra and Aqua satellites as a proxy to SSTM-1. Performance of estimations is evaluated with rainfall products from Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The results indicate that SSTM-1 can capture not only the global rainfall distribution but also has the potential to resolve rainfall structure of tropical cyclones. Quantitative comparison of the measured rainfall with IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrieval for GPM) rain shows a root mean square error of 3.02 mm hr
−1
, bias of 1.06 mm hr
−1
and correlation of 0.48. Present algorithm provides a probability of detection of >65% with respect to rain measurements from GPM Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR), which further demonstrates the potential of SSTM-1 for monitoring rainfall. In addition, the study determines the importance of rain monitoring from SSTM-1 in disaster support and developing flagging/correction procedures for rain-corrupted ocean surface wind vectors from scatterometer payload onboard on the same platform.
Research highlights
Rainfall retrieval technique is developed for upcoming SSTM-1 aboard EOS-06 mission.
Developed technique would allow to monitor rain at high spatial resolution (~1km) from SSTM-1 over global ocean and Indian land mass.
This pre-launch study utilises TIR observations from MODIS instrument aboard Terra and Aqua satellites as a proxy to SSTM-1 and performance of estimations is evaluated with rainfall products from GPM.
Importance of rain monitoring from SSTM-1 in developing rain flagging/correction procedure for rain-corrupted wind vector products from scatterometer (aboard on same platform), disaster support and in resolving complex rain structure of TCs is demonstrated.
The objective of this study is to explore and present a methodology to assimilate all‐sky water vapour (WV) radiance from Indian geostationary satellites (INSAT‐3D and INSAT‐3DR) in the Weather ...Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. For all‐sky assimilation, hydrometeors are considered as control variables by adding in background error covariance. Additionally, this study uses the application of Global Satellite based Inter‐Calibration System (GSICS) based bias correction mechanism on WV radiances before their assimilation. To fulfil these objectives, three sets of experiments have been performed with and without WV radiance assimilation for the month of July 2018 over the South Asia region. The impact assessment of assimilation has been performed by comparing radiative transfer (RT) model‐simulated analysed and predicted brightness temperature against independent satellite observations from SAPHIR (Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d'Humidité Intertropicale par Radiométrie) and MHS (Microwave Humidity Sounder) sensors. Results not only show the number of assimilated observations increased significantly (∼250%) in all‐sky assimilation compared to clear‐sky assimilation but also present that the all‐sky analyses are closer to actual satellite observations. Due to the multivariate nature of variational data assimilation, noteworthy changes are also noticed in hydrometeors analyses in all‐sky assimilation. The short‐range forecasts confirm the positive impact of all‐sky assimilation as compared to clear‐sky assimilation when verified against SAPHIR and MHS measurements.
Spatial distribution of (a) mean MHS channel‐3 TB, (b) RMSD in the WCNT‐simulated TB against MHS, improvement parameter (K) in (c) WCLR‐ and (d) WCLD‐simulated analysed TB against WCNT‐simulated analysed TB during the entire month of July 2018.
One of the major applications of chitosan and its many derivatives is based on its ability to bind strongly heavy and toxic metal ions. This article reviews the various classes of chitosan ...derivatives and compares their ion binding abilities under varying conditions, as well as the analytical methods to analyze them, the sorption mechanism, and structural analysis of the metal complexes by various methods. Data are also presented exhaustively in tabular form with reference to each individual metal ion and the types of compounds that complex it under various conditions, to help arrive at conclusions regarding the comparative efficacy of various classes of compounds, structure–property relationships, and so on.
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