Starting in the late 1970s, the pioneering work of Patrick Couvreur gave birth to the first biodegradable nanoparticles composed of a biodegradable synthetic polymer. These nanoparticles, made of ...poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA), were the first synthetic polymer-based nanoparticulate drug carriers undergoing a phase III clinical trial so far. Analyzing the journey from the birth of PACA nanoparticles to their clinical evaluation, this paper highlights their remarkable adaptability to bypass various drug delivery challenges found on the way. At present, PACA nanoparticles include a wide range of nanoparticles that can associate drugs of different chemical nature and can be administered in vivo by different routes. The most recent technologies giving the nanoparticles customised functions could also be implemented on this family of nanoparticles. Through different examples, this paper discusses the seminal role of the PACA nanoparticles' family in the development of nanomedicines.
This review summarizes the different methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles including nanospheres and nanocapsules. The first part summarizes the basic principle of each method of ...nanoparticle preparation. It presents the most recent innovations and progresses obtained over the last decade and which were not included in previous reviews on the subject. Strategies for the obtaining of nanoparticles with controlled
in vivo
fate are described in the second part of the review. A paragraph summarizing scaling up of nanoparticle production and presenting corresponding pilot set-up is considered in the third part of the review. Treatments of nanoparticles, applied after the synthesis, are described in the next part including purification, sterilization, lyophilization and concentration. Finally, methods to obtain labelled nanoparticles for
in vitro
and
in vivo
investigations are described in the last part of this review.
The purpose of this expert review is to discuss the impact of nanotechnology in the treatment of the major health threats including cancer, infections, metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and ...inflammations. Indeed, during the past 30 years, the explosive growth of nanotechnology has burst into challenging innovations in pharmacology, the main input being the ability to perform temporal and spatial site-specific delivery. This has led to some marketed compounds through the last decade. Although the introduction of nanotechnology obviously permitted to step over numerous milestones toward the development of the "magic bullet" proposed a century ago by the immunologist Paul Ehrlich, there are, however, unresolved delivery problems to be still addressed. These scientific and technological locks are discussed along this review together with an analysis of the current situation concerning the industrial development.
The nanotechnology revolution offers many expectations for the improvement of medicine treatments. At present, nanomedicine (NM) development is hampered by methodological barriers for a better ...characterization and a wider understanding of their in vivo behavior. While regulatory agencies setup guidelines to support NM translation from bench to bedside, the gap is still hardly overcome by main nanomedicines. One lever for filling this gap is a better characterization, thus increasing the global knowledge about the NM itself but also validate the confidence in terms of batch to batch reproducibility of such complex nano-objects. Here, we review the current methodologies routinely used for clinical release of nanomedicine batches in compliance with official guidelines. We confront them to the extreme sharpness of biological systems and finally discuss future possible orientations for a better characterization of NMs, needed to bridge the gap between physicochemical properties and biological fate.
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En esta contribución se analizan los treinta y cuatro prólogos escritos (2008-2021) por Isaac Rosa. Desatendida hasta la fecha, esta producción acompaña una variedad inusual de textos. De carácter ...descriptivo, la primera parte del artículo se centra en la autoría de los libros y asienta una tipología y cronología de los escritos. En la segunda parte, se ‘da un sentido de conjunto’ a este corpus fragmentado que acaba desvelando un denso tejido de escritura crítica y pone al descubierto una nueva faceta de la obra rosiana. Acorde con la producción narrativa del autor, el corpus se deja articular en torno a dos ejes temáticos: la memoria histórica, por un lado, la economía y el neoliberalismo, por otro, que se suelen subsumir en el sintagma ‘literatura y política’. No obstante, la atención prestada a las secuencias históricas y a los marcos enunciativos privilegiados por el prologuista devenido en crítico invita a actualizar el paradigma para hablar de ‘literatura y democracia’.
In this article we analyse the thirty-four forewords written by Isaac Rosa between 2008-2021. Neglected until now, this production accompanies an unusual variety of texts. The first part of this article focuses on the authorship of the books establishing a typology and chronology of these texts. In the second part, we try to give to this fragmented corpus a sense of the whole, by revealing a dense fabric of critical writing and uncovering a new facet of Rosa’s work. In line with the author’s narrative production, the corpus can be articulated around two thematic axes: on the one hand, historical memory and, on the other hand, economy and neoliberalism. Both axes are usually subsumed under the label ‘literature and politics’. However, we think that, considering the emphasis the writer-turned-critic puts on historical sequences and enunciative frameworks, this paradigm should be updated to speak of ‘literature and democracy’.
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