Valeriana jatamansi Jones is an aromatic herb well known for its essential oil contents, and its high medicinal and commercial values. The amount of essential oils present in it increases with ...maturity (age) of the plant. In this study, Hyperspectral remote sensing data recorded in the field using Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) handheld spectroradiometer was used to discriminate the age (6, 12, 24 and 36 months) of V. jatamansi. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for feature selection and 06 machine learning classifiers were used to classify the plant based on their ages, i.e., Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Boosting Decision Tree (BDT), Decision Tree (DT) and k-Nearest Neighbourhood (kNN). For comparison, these classifiers were applied on full range of spectral reflectance data without feature selection and on feature-selected data using PCA. It was found that the accuracies of ANN, RF, BDT, SVM, DT and kNN were 91, 85, 57, 78, 35 and 42%, respectively for non-feature selected datasets. The accuracies of ANN and DT classifiers were, respectively, increased by 100% and 75% after applying PCA. The ANN classifiers resulted in 100% overall accuracy with a Kappa coefficient (K) of 1. The wavelength regions 860, 870 to 874, 876 to 885 nm in near-infrared (NIR), and 747 to 756 nm (red-edge) were identified as regions suitable for discriminate the age groups of V. jatamansi. The final trained model thus prepared was again validated on 60 plants (with different age group) grown in its natural habitat and the obtained accuracy was 88% (K = 0.84). Thus, the present study have provided a rapid technology for onsite identification of age of V. jatamansi in the field itself. The developed technology thus provides a scientific way for harvesting of this plant at its optimum age avoiding its wastage. The results of this study can also be applied to other endangered and valuable plants by way of finding its optimum growth stages for its harvesting.
COVID-19 has been associated with multiple venous thromboembolism events such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Here we report a 64-year male with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed ...pulmonary thromboembolism following the COVID illness. This patient developed VTE complication in spite of receiving anti-coagulation therapy during admission. This case brings out the need for evidence-based post-discharge VTE prophylaxis approach and guidelines in patients who recover from COVID-19.
Vedic Mathematics is an ancient Indian algebra in which 16 sutras are used to measure. For excellent performance, most high-speed applications such as cryptography and digital signal processing need ...powerful and high-speed multipliers. Squaring is a specific case of multiplication. A specialized squaring device can greatly boost the measurement period and significantly reduce the delay. This study discusses the concept of a new square architecture utilizing Vedic-mathematics sutra "Yavadunam." The proposed method uses the amount deficit from the closest base to calculate every operand's circle. The square of a larger number of magnitude is reduced by this method to a smaller multiplication of magnitude and an addition operation.
Nowadays, people have many bank accounts, and to remember those banking credentials, the details will be noted in a notepad or notes app on the mobile phone. If a phone is hacked, the entire data is ...destroyed, and our data is at risk. This Web-application will include a sign in and log in page, and after successfully signing in, the user will be able to save their banking credentials, such as mobile number, bank name, account number, ATM card number, card expiry date, UPI id, and UPI pin. The encryption of bank credentials using the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) technology is the key point here. The system's ability to handle SQL Injection increases the database's security and prevents the introduction of hacking code into the database.
The challenge of recognizing handwritten characters from palm leaf document image is crucial for digitizing old manuscripts. To accurately identify characters from palm leaf images, this research ...explores various network designs, including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), VGG16, MobileNet, and InceptionNet. The cornerstone of this study is the CNN architecture, which captures local characteristics and spatial hierarchies. Additionally, VGG16, with its greater depth, and MobileNet, with reduced complexity, are employed. Experimental assessments reveal that CNN achieves an accuracy of 98.98%, while VGG16 achieves 88.49% accuracy and MobileNet achieves 97.19% accuracy. By utilizing different kernel sizes and pooling techniques, Inception Net achieves an accuracy rate of 97.63%.
It has been determined that quarry dust can be used as a fine aggregate replacement based on the findings of an experimental inquiry. It has been discovered that substituting quarry dust for fine ...aggregate at 40% yields the best results. Strength then normal concrete and then decreases from 50%. The compressive strength quantified for verifying percentage and grades of concrete for replacement of sand with quarry dust. This present work is an attempt to use Quarry Dust as partial replacement for sand in concrete along with the steel fibers. Attempts have been made to study the properties of concrete and to investigate some properties of quarry dust reinforced with steel fibers; this article presents the compressive and split tensile strengths of hook end steel fiber reinforced concrete with Quarry Dust. In the experimental work natural sand is replaced by Quarry dust in the proportions of 0%, 30%, and 60%. The hook end steel fibers were used in concrete by 0.5%, 0.75% volume fraction. After conduction of experiments on the cube and cylinder specimens, the results showed that, the incorporation of hook end steel fiber reinforced concrete with 30% Quarry dust for M30 grade concrete.
Intestinal dysbiosis and its functional implications in chronic pancreatitis (CP) have not been elaborately studied. We evaluated the taxonomic and functional alterations in intestinal microbiota in ...30 well-characterised patients with CP (16 without, 14 with diabetes) and 10 healthy controls. The patients with CP and diabetes had significantly longer disease duration and greater degree of malnutrition. There was increase in plasma endotoxin concentrations from controls to CP non-diabetics to CP diabetics. We observed significant differences in richness and alpha diversity between the groups. We also observed increase in the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in CP patients without and with diabetes. There was reduction in abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii from controls to CP non-diabetics to CP diabetics. On the other hand, there was increase in LPS (endotoxin) synthetic pathways (KEGG orthology) in the groups. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance correlated negatively with plasma endotoxin and glycemic status; while plasma endotoxin correlated positively with blood glucose and negatively with plasma insulin. Our results have important implications for future studies exploring mechanistic insights on secondary diabetes in CP.
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