Transcriptome-wide survey divulged a total of 181 ABC transporters in G. glabra which were phylogenetically classified into six subfamilies. Protein-Protein interactions revealed nine putative ...GgABCBs (-B6, -B14, -B15, -B25, -B26, -B31, -B40, -B42 &-B44) corresponding to five AtABCs orthologs (-B1, -B4, -B11, -B19, &-B21). Significant transcript accumulation of ABCB6 (31.8 folds), -B14 (147.5 folds), -B15 (17 folds), -B25 (19.7 folds), -B26 (18.31 folds), -B31 (61.89 folds), -B40 (1273 folds) and -B42 (51 folds) was observed under the influence of auxin. Auxin transport-specific inhibitor, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, showed its effectiveness only at higher (10 µM) concentration where it down regulated the expression of ABCBs, PINs (PIN FORMED) and TWD1 (TWISTED DWARF 1) genes in shoot tissues, while their expression was seen to enhance in the root tissues. Further, qRT-PCR analysis under various growth conditions (in-vitro, field and growth chamber), and subjected to abiotic stresses revealed differential expression implicating role of ABCBs in stress management. Seven of the nine genes were shown to be involved in the stress physiology of the plant. GgABCB6, 15, 25 and ABCB31 were induced in multiple stresses, while GgABCB26, 40 & 42 were exclusively triggered under drought stress. No study pertaining to the ABC transporters from G. glabra is available till date. The present investigation will give an insight to auxin transportation which has been found to be associated with plant growth architecture; the knowledge will help to understand the association between auxin transportation and plant responses under the influence of various conditions.
The composite membranes of PVDF/TiO
2
were prepared by a phase-inversion technique. Different amounts of TiO
2
with respect to the weight of the polymer were incorporated in the casting solution to ...study qualitatively and quantitatively the antifouling property of the membrane. The membrane morphology was studied using a high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, whereas the crystalline nature was studied using X-ray diffraction method. The interfacial interactions between foulants and TiO
2
immobilized membranes were also evaluated using the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) approach. The XDLVO theory revealed an increase in repulsive interactive energy barrier with an increase in TiO
2
loading, thus causing to improve the antifouling property of the membrane. Intercalation of TiO
2
nanoparticles efficiently improved the porosity and wettability of the polymeric membranes, which could be confirmed by the contact angle analyzer analysis. The modified PVDF membranes exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties against Gram-negative
Escherichia coli
as confirmed from the halo zone and activity test. The permeation experimental results also showed high protein rejection of bovine serum albumin and humic acid (foulant) for membranes with optimum TiO
2
loading of 0.01 g/g of PVDF polymer. However, at a concentration of 0.02 g TiO
2
/g of PVDF a negative effect on the membrane property was observed due to the former non-uniform distribution.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are known as green solvents that comprise of cations and anions in equal ratios and exist as liquid at temperature below 100 °C. They possess desirable properties such as ...biocompatibility, solubility, and inherent tunability that makes them suitable for biomedical applications. In recent years, the implementation of ILs in biomedical sciences has been increased dramatically as they have exceptional characteristics and tunability. Herein, we have highlighted the ILs and their characteristics. Further, we have briefly discussed the applications in biomedical sciences such as pharmaceutical delivery carriers, proteins or nucleic acid stabilizers, biosensors, and antimicrobial agents. Challenges and future perspectives of ILs have also been highlighted.
Mathematical modeling of a phase inversion membrane was studied to predict the morphology. The effect of different concentrations of TiO
2
nanoparticles on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of ...polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane casting solutions was investigated. The addition of green synthesized TiO
2
increases the viscosity, and a sufficient amount results in the formation of two phases. Thermodynamics enhances the demixing rate, whereas kinetics delays the demixing rate; this trade-off between thermodynamic and kinetic parameter will affect the membrane morphology. A quadratic phase diagram for PVDF/ TiO
2
/solvent/Water system was drawn experimentally at different concentrations of TiO
2
using a new method. Synthesized membranes were characterized by the contact angle, porosity, and permeability. Surface morphologies at different compositions were also examined using High Resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM). At TiO
2
concentration of 2 wt% in the polymer casting solution, thermodynamics parameter dominates kinetics parameter; thus, maximum porosity with enhanced permeability was achieved experimentally. The importance of thermo-kinetic parameters was further assessed using response surface optimization. The study suggested an optimum value of 2.165% of weight% TiO
2
at 5.125 pH giving excellent agreement to the experimental data.
A totally new hybrid ternary (polyaniline-acetylene black-copper ferrite) system reported in the present work. The formation of materials was confirmed by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier ...transform infrared spectroscopy), UV (Ultra-violet spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) analysis. The interconnected structure of ternary system favored different electrochemical activities. Ternary PACF electrode showed the highest specific capacitance of 732.35 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Symmetric supercapacitor fabricated using hybrid PACF electrode exhibited a specific capacitance of 192.64 F/g at 0.5 A/g. The obtained specific energy and specific power of ternary hybrid system were 26.757 Wh/kg and 3165.25 W/kg, respectively. Ternary composite provides fascinating results due to the synergistic effects between individual components and can be used successfully in the field of supercapacitors. EIS analysis was carried out to obtain the resistances of electrode material.
•Novel ternary PANI/Acetylene black/CuFe2O4 composite synthesized.•It exhibited a specific capacitance of 732.35 F/g at 0.5 A/g.•Ternary composite system showed highest capacitance retention of 92% after 500 cycles.•It showed 78% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.•EIS was performed to check electrode resistance.
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•PANI/Acetylene black/CoFe2O4 hybrid system was synthesized.•Ternary composite demonstrated a specific capacitance of 747.64 F/g at 1 mA.•The highest specific energy of ternary system ...was found to be 39.218 Wh/kg.•Ternary hybrid system showed the highest capacitance retention of 81% after 6000 cycles.•Ternary system has the least charge transfer resistance value of 2.3 Ω.
A novel ternary polyaniline-acetylene black-cobalt ferrite hybrid system was synthesized and confirmed by XRD, FTIR, UV, SEM, EDS analysis. Ternary composite electrode (PACOF) and the corresponding symmetric supercapacitor had high specific capacitance of 747.64 and 282.35 F/g, respectively at 1 mA. The ternary electrode based symmetric system had 39.218 Wh/kg and 3042.77 W/kg of specific energy and specific power, respectively. The ternary system has the least charge transfer resistance value of 2.3 Ω. Ternary hybrid system has the highest specific capacitance retention (81%) after 6000 cycles. The superior performance of ternary composite was due to the synergistic effects between individual components.
A novel type ternary GO/PANI/CuCo2O4 composite for electrode material was successfully synthesized and ensured by different characterizations such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform ...infrared spectroscopy), FE-SEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The interconnected morphology of ternary GO/PANI/CuCo2O4 indicates superior electrochemical performance. Ternary GO/PANI/CuCo2O4 displayed the maximum specific capacitance of 741.39 F/g at 1 mV/s scan rate and 312.72 F/g at 1 A/g current density using three-electrode and symmetric two-electrode system, respectively. The ternary GO/PANI/CuCo2O4 electrode based symmetric device had specific energy of 62.54 Wh/kg at 1 A/g current density and specific power of 5997.61 W/kg at 20 A/g. The systems have a wide potential window of 1.2 V, which is beneficial for the energy density. The ternary material electrode also has the lowest value of charge transfer resistance (Rct) as 12.23 Ω and relatively good specific capacitance of 84.25% after 5000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical nature of ternary GO/PANI/CuCo2O4 is mainly because of the synergistic effect which has brought this material to the spotlight for the supercapacitor application.
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•Synthesized Graphene Oxide-Polyaniline-Copper Cobaltite (GO/PANI/CuCo2O4) by oxidation polymerization technique.•GO/PANI/CuCo2O4 exhibited the highest specific energy and specific power.•The systems have also a wide stable potential window of 1.2 V.•Coulombic efficiency and cycle life are highest for GO/PANI/CuCo2O4, i.e., 90.11% and 84.25% (5000 cycles), respectively.•The synergistic effect of individual in composite favor the excellent electrochemical activities.
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/TiO
2
composite ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated using different loadings of TiO
2
NPs synthesized by the green route using an extract of
Cajanus cajan.
XRD ...analysis confirmed the synthesis of TiO
2
nanoparticles of size 10 nm using Debye Scherrer’s equation. High hydrophobicity of PVDF restricts its successful application due to fouling in the membrane. Therefore, composite membranes were prepared via the phase inversion route and characterized by contact angle and permeation tests. The BSA filtration experiments revealed that membrane with 0.5 wt% of TiO
2
exhibits excellent hydrophilicity, permeation flux, high rejection ratio, and good antifouling performance. It was observed that the fouling characteristic of the membrane is governed by the surface roughness of the membrane, and with increasing loading of TiO
2
the surface roughness decreases indirectly enhancing the antifouling property of membranes. The adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin on the membrane surface decreased from 2.85 to 2.15 mg cm
−2
as the TiO
2
loading increased from 0 to 0.02 g TiO
2
/g PVDF. Fouling was found due to cake formation in ultrafiltration and can be explained by Hermia’s fouling model suggesting that the solutes are not deposited into the pores, which indicates that the fouling process is physically reversible.
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