Pandémia COVID 19 predstavuje pre našu spoločnosť obrovské výzvy a zasiahla všetky oblasti nášho života. Jednou z oblastí, ktoré boli zasiahnuté najvýznamnejšie je hromadná osobná doprava. Cieľom ...tohto príspevku je poukázať na zmeny dopravného správania sa obyvateľov Slovenska vplyvom pandémie COVID – 19 . Na tento účel slúžili dáta získané pomocou dotazníkového prieskumu, ktorý bol realizovaní počas roku 2021 obyvateľmi Slovenska. Okrem toho boli použité aj dáta o mobilite obyvateľov od spoločnosti Google. Celkovo bol zaznamenaný významný pokles používanie verejnej osobnej dopravy, avšak tento fakt spôsobil aj pokles celkovej mobility v dôsledku opatrení na zníženie šírenia ochorenia. Zistilo sa, že obyvatelia sa počas najsilnejších vĺn pandémie vyhýbali používaniu verenej osobnej dopravy a prechádzali na iné druhy dopravy a to predovšetkým na individuálnu automobilovú a pešiu dopravu. Hlavným dôvodom boli obavy o bezpečnosť a zdravie.
The unexpected arrival of COVID-19 significantly affected passenger behaviour and changed travel habits. This paper aims to assess passenger mobility due to the pandemic based on an online ...questionnaire survey conducted in two countries, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. This paper focused on evaluating the importance rate of selected factors depending on the means of transport. We describe how the most frequently used means of transport (regular travel habits) affect the degree of importance of selected factors during COVID-19, including the journey to work and school. The Likert scale measuring method involves finance, comfort, sustainability, time, and safety as decisive factors, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis test examines proposed hypotheses. We demonstrated the contingency of the importance rate and the frequently used means of transport for commuting to work or school. The questionnaire ranks time and safety among the most important variables affecting the selection of transport means.
The surveyof traffic intensity is used to obtain information on the number of vehicles on roads during the day. Subsequently, it is possible to derive from this the daily, weekly, and other road ...traffic intensity information. This survey represents the basis for the calculation of the annual average daily traffic volume and the basic characteristics of traffic flow. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive economic and social damage around the world. These damages have also affected traffic. Changes in traffic behavior have mainly affected the reduction in traffic intensity on road networks. Thanks to the reduction in the demand for transport, there has also been a significant reduction in traffic delays, fuel consumption and emissions. An examination of changes in traffic intensity took place at a selected intersection in 2019, 2020 and 2021. This paper describes the effects of reducing the traffic intensity, fuel consumption and emissions obtained by microsimulation. The results obtained confirmed the reduction in traffic, which also contributed to a significant reduction in vehicle delays.
Transport is an inseparable part of the life of all citizens. At the beginning of the year, the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world. Individual states have taken strict measures to prevent its spread ...among the population. Due to this fact, the government of the Slovak Republic has issued restrictions on the closure of public spaces (schools, shopping centres, restaurants, bars, etc.). These restrictions have had an impact not only on the economic activity of the population but also on their mobility in the form of reduced traffic. This is due to the drastically reduced mobility associated with the coronavirus, such as commuting trips and extremely limited leisure opportunities. Reduced mobility of the population (reduction of the number of vehicles in the traffic flow) can bring positive effects not only on overloaded road network (increased vehicle speed, lower flow) but also on the environment (reduction of noise, emissions, etc.). This article aims at finding out what effect the measures taken had on the quality of traffic flow. The quality of movement was examined in the form of the flow and speed of vehicles on one of the busiest first-class road sections. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the state of the restrictions. The results show that after the introduction of measures against the spread of coronavirus, the intensity and speed of vehicles in the measured section decreased.
Particulate matter significantly contributes to environmental pollution, negatively affects human health and irreparably damages all living things. The purpose of the research is to help determine ...the concentration of particulate matter in metropolitan areas. Three measuring stations in a city in central Slovakia were selected for the research. The sites were located at the main bus terminal, near primary schools, and at a railway crossing. Each station formed a measuring point. During the investigation, we monitored the amount of flying dust; at the same time, the intensity of traffic in the vicinity of the measuring stations was monitored. The research made it possible to determine the link between the volume of traffic and the concentration of particulate matter. The level of dependence between the concentration of particulate matter and the volume was first evaluated based on correlation coefficients. From the results of the research, it is possible to consider the dependence of the concentration of pollutants and the intensity of traffic as high. For each measurement, the correlation coefficient values were above 0.7 and, in some cases, exceeded 0.9, which can be considered very high levels of dependence. The highest level of pollution was detected at the bus station where the concentration of PM10 exceeded the value of 83 μg/m3 and the concentration of PM2.5 was at a level exceeding the limit of 16 μg/m3. This evidence can be considered very negative due to the high occurrence of people in this place. Different concentrations of particulate matter can also be monitored at other measuring points. According to research results, metropolitan road transport has a significant impact on the concentration of particulate matter, which have an adverse effect on nearby pedestrians.
In this paper, we analyse the specific behaviour of passengers in personal transport commuting to work or school during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a sample of respondents from two countries. We ...classified the commuters based on a two-step cluster analysis into groups showing the same characteristics. Data were obtained from an online survey, and the total sample size consists of 2000 respondents. We used five input variables, dividing the total sample into five clusters using a two-step cluster analysis. We observed significant differences between gender, status, and car ownership when using public transport, cars, and other alternative means of transportation for commuting to work and school. We also examined differences between individual groups with the same socioeconomic and socio-demographic factors. In total, the respondents were classified into five clusters, and the results indicate that there are differences between gender and status. We found that ownership of a prepaid card for public transport and social status are the most important factors, as they reach a significance level of 100%, unlike compared to other factors with importance ranging from 60 to 80%. Moreover, the results demonstrate that prepaid cards are preferred mainly by female students. Understanding these factors can help in planning transport policy by knowing the habits of users.
The main aim of this paper is to point out the assumptions of motorway operation effects on local transport. We assume positive effects of starting motorway operation on the specific section of road ...I/11. This section connects the cities of Žilina and Čadca. It is considered as one of the most problematic sections of the Slovak Republic because of the high intensity of individual transport and freight or cargo transport. This transport issue is growing beyond the regional level and is reaching alarming proportions. It needs to be solved as soon as possible. One of the available possibilities is to start the operation of the mentioned motorway D3. We have created a simulation model of a current state and also the state with the motorway. We have used intensities from the last national traffic census as basic inputs for simulation. These intensity values have been recalculated by relevant growth coefficients defined in Technical Conditions no. 102. Based on the results of a dynamic simulation, we have compared the average speed, delay times, and the length of congestions in two scenarios—the current state and effects of motorway operation.
The COVID-19 global pandemic has affected normal human behaviour in day-to-day activities. As a result of various restrictions, people have significantly changed their shopping and mobility to limit ...the spread of the pandemic. This article aims to determine the association between consumers’ shopping preferences and the frequency of selected daily activities during and before the COVID-19 pandemic using correspondence analysis. The total sample consists of 407 respondents from Slovakia. The data are obtained from an online questionnaire divided into several sections such as socio-demographic factors, shopping preferences, and frequency of selected activities per week. The results show that there is an association between consumers’ preference for shopping in supermarkets and the frequency of family visits per week during the pandemic, among other factors. These findings follow up on previous studies on the consequences of changing mobility as a result of the global crisis.
This article focuses on traffic modeling of intersections in Aimsun. The intersections studied are in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia. Every year, the number of vehicles on roads increases and ...congestions are created. Individual intersections do not have unlimited capacity. Simulations help to predict possible future problems and thus the possibility to prevent them. Accordingly, at intersections on Vajnorska street, a traffic survey was carried out using video cameras. Then, simulations were carried out in Aimsun. The results are shown in the tables separately for each intersection along with the determined overall quality level of the intersection. In addition to the current situation, simulations were carried out for increased traffic by 10% and 20%, and overall quality levels were also determined. Finally, the results were evaluated and compared with each other. This article points out the importance of research into the permeability of important points of the road network: intersections. It is necessary to carry out capacity assessments when planning any construction that will affect traffic in each location.
PDF
