Among several skin fillers developed in recent decades, hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have become the material of choice. They are safe, long-lasting, not immunogenic, and cost effective, and they can ...be removed with hyaluronidase. Unfortunately, early and delayed complications can also occur following HA filler injection. Here we report the case of a hyaluronic filler-related complication in a 50-year-old female patient. The locations affected were the forehead, glabella, and nose. Three days after HA filler application in the upper lip, glabellar region, and nasal root, with no immediate diverse reaction at the time of application, an erythematous, livedoid rash with a well-defined border occurred at the site of the injection in the glabellar region, including the area from the nasal root to the scalp and left upper eyelid. Because an infection or allergy was suspected, she was first given an antibiotic for 6 days p.o. and later also a corticosteroid systemically with good results. Two years later (in 2017) the patient decided to repeat the treatment with HA injections in the glabellar region and experienced no adverse reactions.
Endometrial cancer (EC) is associated with increased estrogen actions. Locally, estrogens can be formed from estrone-sulphate (E1-S) after cellular uptake by organic anion-transporting polypeptides ...(OATP) or organic anion transporters (OAT). Efflux of E1-S is enabled by ATP Binding Cassette transporters (ABC) and organic solute transporter (OST)αβ. Currently, 19 E1-S transporters are known but their roles in EC are not yet understood. Here, we analysed levels of E1-S transporters in Ishikawa (premenopausal EC), HEC-1-A (postmenopausal EC), HIEEC (control) cell lines, in EC tissue, examined metabolism of steroid precursor E1-S, studied effects of OATPs' inhibition and gene-silencing on E1-S uptake, and assessed associations between transporters and histopathological data. Results revealed enhanced E1-S metabolism in HEC-1-A versus Ishikawa which could be explained by higher levels of OATPs in HEC-1-A versus Ishikawa, especially 6.3-fold up-regulation of OATP1B3 (
), as also confirmed by immunocytochemical staining and gene silencing studies, lower
expression and higher levels of sulfatase (STS). In EC versus adjacent control tissue the highest differences were seen for
and
(OSTβ) which were 3.0-fold and 2.1-fold down-regulated, respectively. Immunohistochemistry confirmed lower levels of these two transporters in EC versus adjacent control tissue. Further analysis of histopathological data indicated that
might be important for uptake of E1-S in tumours without lymphovascular invasion where it was 15.6-fold up-regulated as compared to adjacent control tissue. Our results clearly indicate the importance of E1-S transporters in EC pathophysiology and provide a base for further studies towards development of targeted treatment.
This study has examined the relationships and interactions between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and self-reported risk-taking behaviour in ...individuals with a history of heroin use undergoing outpatient treatment in comparison to healthy individuals.
We enrolled 167 heroin users and 86 healthy subjects and examined serum BDNF levels, Val66Met polymorphism, and personal characteristics using Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, Risk-taking (RT) propensity questionnaire, and Personality Assessment Inventory.
Heroin users had significantly higher serum BDNF levels than controls. In addition, serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in Val/Val carriers than in Met/Val or Met/Met in all recruited subjects. Furthermore, a stepwise multiple regression analysis of serum BDNF levels as a dependent variable with related factors showed that in heroin users, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test score, anxiety and RT score were found as independent contributors to serum BDNF levels. When performing gene-environment interaction it was additionally found that heroin users with self-reported high risk-taking behaviour had significantly lower levels of serum BDNF among heroin users with the Met allele.
These results indicate that genetic variant Met66 decreased the serum BDNF levels in combination with self-reported risk-taking propensity among heroin users. If results of future work confirm the influence of this combined effect between neurotrophic genotype and risk-taking behaviour, 66Met carriers might require higher levels of intervention to overcome their drug use pattern and risky behaviour.
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