Cilj studije bio je analizirati korist i nuspojave liječenja bolesnika s relapsno-remisijskim oblikom multiple skleroze (RRMS) interferonom beta 1 B (Betaferon). U studiju je bilo uključeno 32 ...bolesnika s RRMS koji su završili dvogodišnju terapiju interferonom beta 1B ili su ovu terapiju još uvijek primali. Svakih šest mjeseci provodila se klinička procjena bolesnika i procjena prema ljestvici EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale). Dvogodišnju terapiju završilo je 11 (34.3%) od 32 bolesnika. Recidiv je dokazan u 4 (36.36%) bolesnika. Prosječan rezultat na ljestvici EDSS bio je 2.45±1.03 na početku liječenja i 2.54±0.98 nakon dvije godine terapije; razlika nije bila statistički značajna. Pet (15.62%) bolesnika bilo je na terapiji jednu godinu. Kod njih je prosječan rezultat na ljestvici EDSS bio 1.6±1.08 na početku terapije i 1.5±0.70 nakon jedne godine liječenja. Recidiv je zabilježen u dvoje (18,18%) bolesnika, dok je jedan bolesnik prekinuo liječenje nakon šest mjeseci. Naša iskustva s dvogodišnjim liječenjem RRMS interferonom beta 1B su povoljna. Bolesnici su imali relativno mali broj recidiva (36.36%) bez znatnijeg pogoršanja na ljestvici EDSS. Nuspojave lijeka bile su prolazne i blage naravi.
Cilj studije bio je utvrditi trajanje delirija u bolesnika s akutnim moždanim udarom u odnosu na spol, dob, vrstu i lokalizaciju oštećenja. Delirij smo procjenjivali prospektivno u uzorku od 233 ...uzastopna bolesnika s akutnim moždanim udarom (≤4 dana) pomoću Ljestvice za stupnjevanje delirija (DRS-R-98) i Dijagnostičkog statističkog priručnika za psihičke bolesti (DSM IV.). Prosječno trajanje delirija bilo je 4 dana u bolesnika s ishemijskim moždanim udarom i 3 dana u onih s hemoragičnim moždanim udarom. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u trajanju delirija među ovim dvjema skupinama bolesnika. Duže trajanje delirija zabilježeno je kod žena te kod osoba starijih od 65 godina. Razdoblje delirija bilo je duže u bolesnika s oštećenjem u desnoj hemisferi. Među bolesnicima nije bilo razlike u odnosu na trajanje delirija, spol, dob, vrstu i lokalizaciju moždanog udara. U dvije trećine bolesnika simptomi delirija potpuno su se povukli uz medikamentno liječenje, dok je preostala jedna trećina bolesnika imala stanovite simptome delirija pri otpustu iz bolnice (p=0,003). Stopa smrtnosti bila je značajno viša u bolesnika s delirijem u akutnog fazi moždanog udara nego u onih bez delirija (p=0,009). U zaključku, delirij je prolazna pojava u dvije trećine bolesnika u akutnoj fazi moždanog udara. Spol, dob, te vrsta i lokalizacija moždanog udara nemaju utjecaja na trajanje delirija.
To evaluate localization of certain zones of craniocerebral trauma and determine their importance for genesis ofposttraumatic epilepsy.
Study encompassed 50 war veterans, with craniocerebral trauma ...and posttraumatic epilepsy. Control group included 50 war veterans, with war craniocerebral injury who have not experienced epileptic seizures. The craniocerebral trauma zone in every patient was registered by computerized tomography (CT) of the brain at the Clinic for Radiology of the University Clinical Centre Tuzla. For statistical analysis it was used chi2 test.
Average age in examinees' group was 29.92 (+/- 8.91); while in control group was 29.98 (+/- 9.97) (p > 0.05). Both, injury at several lobes and post-traumatic epilepsy were registered in 22 (44%) patients as well as in 8 (16%) patients in control group, which represents extra statistical significance (p < 0.05). Frontal lobe trauma in examinees' group had 7 (14%) patients and 15 (30%) patients in control group (p > 0.05). Temporal lobe trauma in examinees group had equal number of patients 6 in each (12%); parietal lobe injury was found in 14 (28%) patients with epilepsy and 11 (22%) patients without posttraumatic epilepsy (p > 0.05). Occipital lobe injury had one patient with posttraumatic epilepsy (2%) and 10 (20%) veterans in control group (p < 0.05).
Trauma of several brain lobes at the same time increases the possibility of posttraumatic epilepsy. Trauma of certain brain lobes is not significant risk factor for posttraumatic epilepsy, but trauma of occipital lobe is significantly more represented in group of patients without posttraumatic epilepsy.
Cilj studije bio je ispitati promjene u nalazu Dopplerove sonografije, elektroencefalografije (EEG) i spoznajnoj funkciji u bolesnika mlađih od 60 godina s atrofijom moždane kore. U studiju je bilo ...uključeno 60 osoba u dobi od 60 godina i mlađih s atrofijom moždane kore otkrivenom kvalitativnim metodama pomoću CT (eksperimentalna skupina) i 60 osoba s normalnim endokranijskim CT nalazom podjednake dobi, spola i razine obrazovanja. Transkranijskom Dopplerovom sonografijom (TCD) mjerene su srednje brzine krvnog protoka (MBFV), indeks otpornosti (RI) i indeks pulsatilnosti (PI). EEG je provedena uz izračunavanje postotka učestalosti elektroencefalografskih valova. Testovi spoznajnih funkcija provedeni su pomoću Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) i Wechsler Memory Scale. MBFV su bile značajno niže u osoba s atrofijom moždane kore u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (p<0,0001): u srednjoj moždanoj arteriji 53 cm/s (eksperimentalna skupina) prema 65 cm/s (kontrolna skupina); u prednjoj moždanoj arteriji 38 prema 49 cm/s; u stražnjoj moždanoj arteriji 34 prema 39 cm/s; i u bazilarnoj arteriji 35 prema 43,5 cm/s. Mjerenja RI i PI Dopplerovom sonografijom pokazala su znatno više vrijednosti obaju parametara u ispitanika s atrofijom moždane kore u svim arterijama (p<0,001). Analiza postotne učestalosti elektroencefalografskih valova pokazala je značajno višu učestalost polaganih delta i teta valova u osoba s atrofijom moždane kore nego u kontrolnoj skupini (21% prema 5,6%, odnosno 11,5% prema 3,7%; p<0,0001). Rezultati MMSE i Wechsler Memory Scale bili su znatno niži u bolesnika s atrofijom moždane kore u usporedbi s kontrolnom skupinom (26,3 prema 29,0, odnosno 97 prema 125; p<0,0001). Spoznajne promjene nisu ovisile o dobi i spolu, ali su bile ovisne o razini obrazovanja. Zaključeno je kako se promjene u nalazu Dopplerove sonografije, EEG i spoznajnoj funkciji kreću između normalnih nalaza i nalaza u bolesnika s ranom demencijom. U ovih osoba potrebno je dugoročno praćenje i povremeno motrenje spoznajne funkcije te nalaza TCD i EEG.
Goji berries have long been used for their nutritional value and medicinal purposes in Asian countries. In the last two decades, goji berries have become popular around the world and are consumed as ...a functional food due to wide-range bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. In addition, they are gaining increased research attention as a source of functional ingredients with potential industrial applications. This review focuses on the antioxidant properties of goji berries, scientific evidence on their health effects based on human interventional studies, safety concerns, goji berry processing technologies, and applications of goji berry-based ingredients in developing functional food products.
The aim of this study was to identify and characterise different classes of bioactive compounds from freeze-dried red goji berries (RGB) grown in Serbia, using ultra-high-performance liquid ...chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-ToF MS). In addition, this study aims to demonstrate the importance of applying the advanced UHPLC Q-ToF MS technique in the identification of various biocompounds. The analysis showed the presence of 28 phenolic compounds, 3 organic acids, and 26 phenylamides. The 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG) was identified by UHPLC Q-ToF MS and quantified by standardised UHPLC-DAD method. Most of the compounds detected were derivatives of caffeic acid and ferulic acid, followed by quercetin derivatives. Among the phenylamides, several glucosylated caffeoyl and/or dihydrocaffeoyl derivatives of spermidine and spermine were characterized, confirming their recent characterization. Some glycosylated/non-glycosylated putrescine derivatives and caffeoyl-dihydrocaffeoyl-feruloyl spermidines were identified in goji berriesfor the first time. Their tentative structures and fragmentations were proposed.
•Different classes of bioactive compounds from Lycium barbarum L. were analysed.•UHPLC Q-ToF MS untargeted analysis was used for the detection bioactive compounds.•Glycosides of phenolic acids and quercetin were the most frequently identified.•The AA-2βG was identified and quantified in freeze-dried goji berry.•Various glycosylated and non-glycosylated goji phenylamides have been identified.
Since the fruits of Lycium L. species (Fructus lycii, goji berries) are promoted as a “superfood” with plenty of health benefits, there is extensive research interest in their nutritional and ...phytochemical composition. In the present study, the nutritional value, minerals, fatty acid composition, and bioactive compounds of L. barbarum L., red, yellow, and black goji berry (L. ruthenicum Murray.) cultivated in Serbia were investigated. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of their methanol extracts were assessed. Red goji berry had the highest content of fats, dietary fiber, iron, total carotenoids, and 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG). The yellow goji berry extract showed the highest level of flavonoids and the most prominent antimicrobial (especially against Gram-negative bacteria) properties. The highest total phenolic content and the most potent antioxidant activity were observed for the extract of black goji berry. Therefore, all goji berries could be a valuable source of bioactive compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
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•Improved ginger herbal dust utilization with new extracts production proposed.•Ginger herbal dust utilized using environmentally friendly UAE and SWE.•Study showed that material ...leftover supercritical extraction can be further utilize.•Temperature of degradation for individual gingerols and shogaols in SWE defined.•Cytotoxic activity of new efficient ginger extract confirmed.
This study examined the impact of two green extraction techniques in order to maximize the usage and recovery of phenolic compounds from the by-product of the filter tea industry, the so-called ginger herbal dust. The main phenolic compounds extraction was performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with the sonication amplitude ranging from 20% to 100%, and the subcritical water extraction (SWE), with the temperature ranging from 120 °C to 220 °C. All obtained extracts were characterized in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and 6-ginerol, 6-shogaol, and 8-ginerol contents using RP-HPLC-DAD. Based on the results, we selected the extract obtained from raw ginger herbal dust using a sonication amplitude of 100% for further biological investigation of the cytotoxic effect on short- and long-term cell viability on liver and pancreatic cancer cells. This extract contained high TPC concentration, and 6-gingerol (44.57 mg/gDE), 8-gingerol (8.62 mg/gDE), and 6-shogaol (6.92 mg/gDE).
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