The trigger system of the CHORUS experiment van Beuzekom, M.G; Boes, J.C; van den Born, E.A ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/1999, Letnik:
427, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A new apparatus for detection of
ν
μ
→
ν
τ
oscillation has been successfully constructed and operated by the CHORUS Collaboration for the CERN-WA95 experiment. The design, implementation and ...performance of the electronic trigger system is described. A trigger efficiency of 99% was measured for
ν
μ
charged-current events and 90% for neutral-current events.
Direct readout of gaseous detectors with tiled CMOS circuits Visschers, J.L.; Blanco Carballo, V.; Chefdeville, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2007, Letnik:
572, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A coordinated design effort is underway, exploring the three-dimensional direct readout of gaseous detectors by an anode plate equipped with a tiled array of many CMOS pixel readout ASICs, having ...amplification grids integrated on their topsides and being contacted on their backside.
In the Netherlands a nationwide guideline was introduced in 2016, which recommended routine Lynch syndrome screening (LSS) for all women with endometrial cancer (EC) <70 years of age. LSS consists of ...immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for loss of mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression, supplemented with MLH1 methylation analysis if indicated. Test results are evaluated by the treating gynaecologist, who refers eligible patients to a clinical geneticist. We evaluated the implementation of this guideline.
From the nation-wide pathology database we selected all women diagnosed with EC < 70 years of age, treated from 1.6.2016–1.6.2017 in 14 hospitals. We collected data on the results of LSS and follow up of cases with suspected LS.
In 183 out of 204 tumours (90%) LSS was performed. In 41 cases (22%) MMR protein expression was lost, in 25 cases due to hypermethylation of the MLH1 promotor. One patient was known with a pathogenic MLH1 variant. The option of genetic counselling was discussed with 12 of the 15 remaining patients, of whom three declined. After counselling by the genetic counsellor nine patients underwent germline testing. In two no pathogenic germline variant was detected, two were diagnosed with a pathogenic PMS2 variant, and five with a pathogenic MSH6 variant, in concordance with the IHC profiles.
Coverage of LSS was high (90%), though referral for genetic counselling could be improved. Gynaecologists ought to be aware of the benefits and possible drawbacks of knowing mutational status, and require training in discussing this with their patients.
•Implementation of Lynch syndrome screening in endometrial cancer can be improved.•Gynaecologists ought to be aware of Lynch syndrome screening in endometrial cancer and might require additional training.•Quality assurance protocols should be implemented to ensure adherence to Lynch syndrome screening in endometrial cancer.
We have developed large high-resolution tracking detectors based on glass capillaries filled with organic liquid scintillator of high refractive index. These liquid-core scintillating optical fibres ...act simultaneously as detectors of charged particles and as image guides. Track images projected onto the readout end of a capillary bundle are visualized by an optoelectronic chain consisting of a set of image-intensifier tubes followed by a photosensitive CCD or by an EBCCD camera. Two prototype detectors, each composed of ≈10
6 capillaries with 20–
25
μm
diameter and 0.9–1.8 m length, have been tested, and a spatial resolution of the order of 20–
40
μm
has been attained. A high scintillation efficiency and a large light-attenuation length, in excess of 3 m, was achieved through special purification of the liquid scintillator. Along the tracks of minimum-ionizing particles, the hit densities obtained were
∼8
hits/
mm
at the readout window, and
∼3
hits/
mm
at
∼1
m
away. The level of radiation resistance of the prototype detectors is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of other tracking devices of comparable performance.
Charge amplitude distribution of the Gossip gaseous pixel detector Blanco Carballo, V.M.; Chefdeville, M.; Colas, P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2007, Letnik:
583, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Gossip gaseous pixel detector is being developed for the detection of charged particles in extreme high radiation environments as foreseen close to the interaction point of the proposed super ...LHC. The detecting medium is a thin layer of gas. Because of the low density of this medium, only a few primary electron/ion pairs are created by the traversing particle. To get a detectable signal, the electrons drift towards a perforated metal foil (Micromegas) whereafter they are multiplied in a gas avalanche to provide a detectable signal. The gas avalanche occurs in the high field between the Micromegas and the pixel readout chip (ROC). Compared to a silicon pixel detector, Gossip features a low material budget and a low cooling power. An experiment using X-rays has indicated a possible high radiation tolerance exceeding 10
16
hadrons/cm
2.
The amplified charge signal has a broad amplitude distribution due to the limited statistics of the primary ionization and the statistical variation of the gas amplification. Therefore, some degree of inefficiency is inevitable. This study presents experimental results on the charge amplitude distribution for CO
2/DME (dimethyl-ether) and Ar/iC
4H
10 mixtures. The measured curves were fitted with the outcome of a theoretical model. In the model, the physical Landau distribution is approximated by a Poisson distribution that is convoluted with the variation of the gas gain and the electronic noise. The value for the fraction of pedestal events is used for a direct calculation of the cluster density. For some gases, the measured cluster density is considerably lower than given in literature.
Two highly segmented plastic-scintillator arrays have been developed for proton detection in electron scattering experiments. The detectors subtend solid angles of 225 and 550 msr and cover energy ...ranges of 50–225 and 25–165
MeV, respectively. The charge and arrival time of each photomultiplier signal are digitized by flash ADCs and temporarily stored in a dual-port memory. The readout parameters are computer controlled, tuned, and monitored. These detectors have been employed in (e,
e′p) and (e,
e′pp) experiments for proton emission angles greater than 30° and for luminosities up to 10
36 nucleons
cm
−2
s
−1. The singles counting rates in the scintillator elements of the first layers were about 0.5×10
6 particles
s
−1 and the trigger rate 1
MHz. The measured resolution in the excitation energy and timing spectra are 2.7% and 0.7
ns, respectively.
The CHORUS honeycomb tracker and its bitstream electronics Uiterwijk, J.W.E; van Beuzekom, M.G; van Dantzig, R ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/1998, Letnik:
409, Številka:
1-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The CHORUS experiment searches for νμ↔ντ oscillation. To aid in the momentum reconstruction of charged hadrons, a honeycomb tracker was built with three orientations of six planes each. The planes ...are manufactured by point-welding together two precision folded conductive polycarbonate foils, forming hexagonal tubes with 30μm thick anode wires in the center.
The honeycomb tracker in CHORUS is read out using a bitstream principle. The amplified signal of each wire is binary sampled every 5ns and stored in a 256 bit circular buffer, implemented in dual-port memories. This technique allows a full reconstruction of a 1.28μs history of each wire. Eighteen cards, each handling 72 wires, are read out over a single flat cable using a card-to-card pipeline.
Jitter limitations on multi-carrier modulation Schrader, J.H.R.; Klumperink, E.A.M.; Nauta, B. ...
2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS),
2005
Conference Proceeding
Odprti dostop
A feasibility study is made of an OFDM system based on analog multipliers and integrate-and-dump blocks, targeted at Gb/s copper interconnects. The effective amplitude variation of the integrator ...output caused by jitter is explained in an intuitive way by introducing correlation plots. For a given rms jitter and error rate, high frequency carriers allow for less modulation depth than low frequency carriers. A jitter limit on the total system bit rate is calculated, which is a function of rms jitter, bandwidth, and specified system symbol error rate. It is concluded that, because of the high sensitivity to timing errors inherent in OFDM, traditional PAM systems with equal bandwidth and error rate are more feasible.
A transmitter pre-emphasis technique for copper cable equalization is presented that is based on pulse-width modulation (PWM). This technique is an alternative to the usual 2-tap symbol-spaced FIR ...(SSF) pre-emphasis. The technique uses timing resolution instead of amplitude resolution to adjust the filter transfer function, and therefore fits well with future high-speed low-voltage CMOS processes. Spectral analysis and time domain simulations illustrate that PWM pre-emphasis offers more relative high frequency boost than 2-tap SSF. Only one coefficient needs to be set to fit the equalizer transfer function to the channel, which makes convergence of an algorithm for automatic adaptation straightforward. A proof-of-concept 0.13-mu mCMOS transmitter achieves in excess of 5 Gb/s (2-PAM) over 25 m of standard RG-58U low-end coaxial copper cable with 33 dB of channel loss at the Nyquist frequency (2.5 GHz). Measured BER at this speed and channel loss is≪10-12.
This study aims to evaluate whether withdrawal of a soy oil-based lipid emulsion from the parenteral nutrition (PN) regimen in humans is associated with improved triglyceride and liver enzyme ...concentrations.
In this retrospective study, patients with hypertriglyceridemia (>4.50 mmol/L) while receiving PN were retrieved from a prospective complication registration database. Patients received Intralipid 20% as part of an all-in-one system containing all necessary macro- and micronutrients, electrolytes, trace elements, and vitamins.
Forty patients with hypertriglyceridemia were included. Lipid emulsions were withdrawn from the all-in-one mixture for a median of 5 (range, 1-23) days, after which triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly (mean difference -2.5 ± 0.30 mmol/L, P < .001). Aspartate aminotransaminase and leukocyte count decreased significantly (mean difference -35 ± 17 U/L, P = .049 and -3.8 ± 1.7*10E9/L, P = .028, respectively), whereas albumin level increased significantly (mean difference 2.1 ± 0.9 g/L, P = .027). Alanine aminotransaminase showed a nonsignificant reduction (mean difference -30 ± 22 U/L, P = .194). In 11 patients, the lipid emulsion was reintroduced, after which triglyceride levels showed a significant increase (mean difference 1.5 ± 0.30 mmol/L, P = .001).
Short-term withdrawal of the lipid fraction in the PN mixture is associated with a significant reduction of plasma triglyceride concentration. Reintroduction was related to an increase of triglyceride concentration. In addition, liver enzyme abnormalities and leukocyte count reduced, whereas albumin levels increased, suggesting that even short withdrawal of the lipid emulsion diminished hepatocellular damage and systemic inflammation.
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