Drinking water is the main need of humans as living things. Over time, humans are more practical so that for drinking needs they prefer to use bottled drinking water or refill drinking water. The ...high demand for bottled water raises the number of drinking water companies that issue bottled drinking water products. However, the quality of bottled water still needs to be assessed because it is not through pasteurization or other processing. So the microbiological content remains to be investigated. This study aimed to determine the bacteriological content in bottled drinking water. This study uses the Most Probable Number (MPN) method to test its bacterial content and gamma ray radiation to test its radiosensitivity. The sample in this study was bottled drinking water of various brands circulating in the City of Tasikmalaya. Based on the research results obtained from 13 samples there is 1 sample containing E. coli which is code B1 with a total bacterial content of 7 cells per 100 ml. So it can be concluded L samples are known to contain E. coli as much as 1.9 x 105 cells per ml.
Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus var Sangkuriang) is the main commodity that widely cultivated in Tasikmalaya City. However, farmers have difficulty because of the disease which causes death ...in fish. High mortality is suspected as a vibriosis disease by genus Vibrio because redness wounds on dead fish. The purpose of this study is to know the genus Vibrio which causes of disease in Sangkuriang catfish. 10 samples of fish were taken from Sangkuriang catfish pond culture in Kelurahan Kersanagara Tasikmalaya City which were potentially suspected of vibriosis disease. Isolation of bacteria were done on TCBS medium. Bacterial isolates were collected from fish lesion on the body surface, liver, and kidneys of catfish. Isolation were able to gained 21 isolates and then 5 isolates (VK1, VK5, VK7, VK17, and VK21) were selected based on colony morphology and Postulates Koch’s were tested. The results showed that the clinical symptoms of catfish infected by vibriosis were redness lesions/ulcers on the body surface, hemorrhagic, fluid inside stomach, and fin eroded with redness wound. Bacterial identification through biochemical test revealed the causative agent of catfish disease at brackish pond area were bacteria of the genus Vibrio (VK 1, VK 5, and VK 7), Vibrio vulnificus (VK 17 and VK 21).
Candida albicans is a polymorphic human microflora species, which caused a candidiasis. This disease frequently occurred in immunocompromised patients with considerable medical outcomes due to the ...damage from its infections. Secreted Aspartic Proteinase (SAP) 4–6 regulated the virulence of C. albicans. Thus, inhibiting those protenases may useful to obtain a better prognosis. On the other hand, Cinnamomum zeylanicum reported to have anti-cadidiasis. However, the mechanism of action on the anti-cadidiasis activity remains unclear. This study will explain the possible mechanism of anti-candidiasis from the bioactives of C. zeylanicum through SAP 4–6 inhibion. A computational analysis was employed by molecular docking coupled with molecular dynamics simulation to comprehend the interaction among C. zeylanicum bioactives to SAP 4–6. Positive docking outcomes were observed, with Cinnamaldehyde, Pyrantel Hydrochloride, and Hexadecenoic Acidbecame showed promising binding affinity against SAP 4–6. However, those compounds interacted with different residues of each proteinase. Only Hexadenoic Acid bound to the catalytic residues of SAP5-6. Molecular dynamics simulated the stable binding of Hexadecenoid Acid to the SAP5-6. Not only has stable structural integrity, the binding of Hexadecenoic Acidalso showed minimum alterations on the structural stability of SAP5-6, which suggested a stable inhibitory activity. The stable binding of Hexadecenoid Acid also displayed by the prominent number of hydrogen bond and the free-binding energy simulations. In conclusion, the anti-candidiasis activity of C. zeylanicum may take place in the SAP5-6 inhibition, mainly by Hexadecenoic Acid.
Cinderamata merupakan suatu hal yang harus ada di sebuah tempat wisata. Pantai Madasari sebagai tempat wisata baru memiliki sumber daya hayati yang melimpah namun belum memiliki cinderamata sehingga ...perlu dikembangkan sumber daya hayati menjadi suatu cinderamata. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah melatih pemuda Karang Taruna Fajar Desa Masawah membuat bioplastik dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya hayati yang ada di Pantai Madasari untuk dijadikan cinderamata khas wisata Pantai Madasari. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 30 orang pemuda selama 6 jam. Kegiatan awal berupa pemaparan teori pembuatan bioplastik dan praktek pembuatan bioplatik. Hasil akhir dari kegiatan ini adalah berbagai bentuk bioplastik yang dapat dijadikan cinderamata dari Pantai Madasari. Kesimpulan kegiatan ini adalah program pelatihan pembuatan bioplastik sebagai cinderamata bagi karang taruna Desa Masawah telah berhasil dilaksanakan, terbukti dengan banyaknya hasil bioplastik yang telah dibuat oleh anggota karang taruna.
•Lalapan is an important part of a food source for indige indigenous people in the East Priangan region.•All of the parts of plants that can be eaten as lalapan included young shoots and leaves, ...flowers and whorls, raw fruit, ripe fruit and its seeds, tuber, bark, and skin of tuber.•Lalapan is a tradition by the local Sundanese community from generation to generation.•There correlation between the age of the indigenous people in East Priangan and the level of traditional knowledge with the use of lalapan in their daily lives is poor level.•The bibliometric analysis showed that the prospect of indigenous vegetables is still wide for future research.
The local knowledge of indigenous people about traditional vegetables has been well documented. However, there is little conventional plant documentation biodiversity on indigenous vegetables used as lalapan in West Java, Indonesia. The method used in this study was a qualitative method using an exploratory approach. Informants, including traditional leaders, indigenous people, and the Sundanese younger generation, provided data. Credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability tests were used to determine the data validity. The data were evaluated using data reduction, visualization, and verification techniques. Then, to show the local importance of each species, Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) analysis was conducted, and The usage value (UV) analysis was used to determine the relative usefulness of plants in a given location. There were 86 species of edible indigenous vegetables consumed as lalapan, which belong to 32 families. The vegetables were accumulated from four traditional villages. The implication of indigenous vegetables as lalapan is a top priority to ensure nutrition, public health, and food security.
The primary approach for managing tuberculosis involves the use of antibiotics, such as isoniazid. Over the course of time, genetic mutations give rise to bacterial resistance against synthetic ...medications. As a result of this phenomenon, the aforementioned impacts can be mitigated through the utilisation of bioactive compounds derived from naturally occuring substances, such as mature bananas (Musa troglodytarum L). The objective of this work was to assess the pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties of Rrespon bananas, as well as their binding affinity on the 4KL9 receptor, in order to anticipate potential toxicity using the in silico molecular docking approach. The findings indicate that the Rangga banana contains Fumaric acid and Benzoic Acid compounds that exhibit a stronger binding affinity for the 4KL9 receptor compared to isoniazid. The ligand's binding affinity is more negative by -4.8 kcal/mol and -5.4 kcal/mol, satisfying Lipinski's five laws, including a molecular weight of 116.072 g/mol and 122.123 g/mol, Log p values of 0.2882 and 1.3848, HBA values of 2 and 1, and HBD values of 2 and 1. Additionally, the compounds demonstrate a favourable ADME profile (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) and fall within toxicity classes 3 and 4, which are considered safer than isoniazid. Consequently, these two compounds possess potential as tuberculosis drugs that minimise adverse effects.
Pendekatan utama untuk mengelola tuberkulosis melibatkan penggunaan antibiotik, seperti isoniazid. Seiring berjalannya waktu, mutasi genetik menimbulkan resistensi bakteri terhadap obat sintetis. Sebagai hasil dari fenomena ini, dampak tersebut dapat dikurangi melalui pemanfaatan senyawa bioaktif yang berasal dari zat alami, seperti Pisang Ranggap (Musa troglodytarum L). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai sifat farmakokinetik dan fisikokimia Pisang Ranggap, serta afinitas pengikatannya pada reseptor 4KL9, untuk mengantisipasi potensi toksisitas menggunakan pendekatan docking molekuler in silico. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Pisang Ranggap mengandung senyawa asam Fumarat dan Asam Benzoat yang menunjukkan afinitas pengikatan yang lebih kuat untuk reseptor 4KL9 dibandingkan dengan isoniazid. Afinitas pengikatan ligan lebih negatif sebesar -4,8 kkal / mol dan -5,4 kkal / mol, memenuhi lima hukum Lipinski, termasuk berat molekul 116,072 g / mol dan 122,123 g / mol, nilai Log p 0,2882 dan 1,3848, nilai HBA 2 dan 1, dan nilai HBD 2 dan 1. Selain itu, senyawa menunjukkan profil ADME yang menguntungkan (penyerapan, distribusi, metabolisme, dan ekskresi) dan termasuk dalam kelas toksisitas 3 dan 4, yang dianggap lebih aman daripada isoniazid. Akibatnya, kedua senyawa ini memiliki potensi sebagai obat tuberkulosis yang meminimalkan efek samping.
Gene expression of SAP 4–6 based on the detection of mRNA was observed in Candida albicans isolates from HIV-positive patients with oral candidiasis and commensal from healthy individuals. The ...species of C. albicans strains were selectively isolated from both sources using CHROMagar Chromogenic Media. The obtained isolates were then induced to express SAP 4–6 using SAP 4–6 gene inducer media. Analysis of gene expression was performed on a molecular basis using the RT-PCR method. Molecular analysis of gene expression showed that the isolates CH3 from HIV-positive patients with oral candidiasis could express SAP 4–6 gene, while commensal isolates from healthy people could not. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that, in terms of molecular detection, only isolates from HIV-positive patients (CH3) could express their SAP 4–6 gene.
•Gene expression of SAP 4–6 based on the detection of mRNA was observed in Candida albicans isolates from HIV-positive patients.•The species of C. albicans strains were selectively isolated from both sources using CHROMagar Chromogenic Media.•Analysis of gene expression was performed on a molecular basis using the RT-PCR method.•There are differences in SAP 4–6 gene expression among C. albicans isolated from the oral cavity of oral candidiasis patients with HIV-positive and commensals in healthy people.•The size and speed of hyphal formation of C. albicans from oral candidiasis patients with HIV-positive have significant differences based on statistical analysis.
Microbial variety has many functions, and most bacteria can be employed as a biocatalyst in a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). MFC is an anaerobic bioreactor that transfers chemical energy in organic ...compound chemical bonds to electrical energy through catalytic reactions of microorganisms. Various microorganisms in the form of a community or consortium have a higher ability to transfer electrons to the anode and increase the degradation of the organic compound than pure cultures. Scientists have known that bacteria may produce electricity by breaking down organic substrates for years. Today, the presence of the energy crisis and batik industry has reignited interest in MFCs among university academics as a technique to convert biomass to hydrogen without releasing net carbon into the atmosphere. Batik wastewater can be used as a substrate for MFC to generate renewable energy (electricity) and bioremediation of chromium. This study reviews a diverse community of bacteria in microbial fuel cells, which may be used to remediate industrial effluent.
•Bacteria can be employed as a biocatalyst in a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC).•The energy crisis has reignited interest in MFCs as a technique to convert biomass to hydrogen.•The batik wastewater as biomass in MFC can be employed to generate electricity.•Microbial consortium transfers more electrons to the anode degrade the organic compound efficiently than pure cultures.
The most extensive textile export product and one of the nation's cultural legacies is batik cloth. However, regarding environmental quality, West Java's growing demand for batik production results ...in garbage contaminating the nearby waterways. The type of dye is where the harmful properties of batik waste originate. With descriptive qualitative methodologies and the Miles and Huberman model, this study intends to explain the various types of dyes used by SMEs producing batik in the batik centre region of the City and Tasikmalaya Regency and their impact for environmental health. The findings revealed that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in the batik industry in Tasikmalaya City (Cipedes) utilized synthetic dyes such as indigosol, reactive Procion and Remazol, dispersion, and direct (mostly monoazo and diazo). In the meantime, batik artisans at the Tasikmalaya Batik Center (also known as Sukapura batik in Sukaraja) work with reactive Procion and Remazol (diazo), indigosol, jolawe fruit peel (Terminalia bellirica), soga jambal bark (Peltophorum pterocarpum), and tingi as natural dyes (Ceriops condolleana). The impact of used the different azo dyes can change the level of pH extremely, also improve the level of BOD, COD, TDS, and heavy metal such as chromium hexavalent ((Cr(VI)) in the waters
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